CN108126209A - 一种时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统及其应用 - Google Patents
一种时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统及其在抗肿瘤方面的应用。本发明通过采用PEG修饰化疗药物形成两亲性轭合物,然后包裹姜黄素,形成纳米递药系统,该纳米递药系统具有时序释放药物的功能,能够按照时间先后顺序释放姜黄素和化疗药物,该时序释放纳米递药系统可进一步采用具有肿瘤细胞特异性的靶头分子修饰,获得肿瘤被动靶向、主动靶向性,以及时序释放药物的功能,具有抗耐药肿瘤等优良特性,有较好的临床应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域。更具体地,涉及一种时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统及其应用。
背景技术
肿瘤耐药性又称肿瘤抗药性,系指肿瘤细胞对于化疗药物作用的耐受性,耐药性一旦产生,药物的化疗作用就明显下降,甚至没有效果。肿瘤耐药是临床上肿瘤化学治疗的最大障碍,也是化疗失败的主要原因之一,肿瘤耐药的产生使临床上可供选择的化疗药物大为减少,因此如何克服及逆转肿瘤细胞对耐药相关化疗药物的耐药己成为临床迫切需要解决的问题。
从中药姜黄中提取的姜黄素在逆转肿瘤耐药方面较其他化学逆转剂有较大的优势,主要体现在:(1)具有多重的耐药逆转机制,不仅对P-gp的功能和表达有抑制作用,更令人欣喜的是其对引起肿瘤耐药的主要途径,如①化疗药物吸收减少,②细胞内化疗药物外排增加,③细胞活化作用的减弱或解毒作用的增强,④DNA损伤修饰能力的增强,⑤细胞凋亡的抑制等,都有一定的抑制作用;(2)对正常细胞毒性小、自身不良反应少,临床试验结果证明,每天服用12 g的姜黄素对人体仍然非常安全;(3)在逆转耐药的同时还有杀伤肿瘤细胞、调节和提高机体免疫功能的多重功效。
在逆转肿瘤耐药方面,逆转剂(增敏剂)应该比化疗药物提前释放,预先抑制外排泵的活性,进而抑制外排泵泵出化疗药物,使化疗药物在肿瘤细胞内的蓄积增加,起到增效减毒的作用。
为了实现肿瘤细胞的靶向给药,一个策略就是利用能与肿瘤细胞特异性结合的小分子(例如叶酸、生物素)、多肽(酸激活穿模肽等)、核酸适配体等修饰纳米递药系统。
目前,还未见有时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服上述现有技术的缺陷和不足,提供一种时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统。
本发明的第二个目的是提供所述时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的是提供所述时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统的应用。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案给予实现的:
一种时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统,由活化的PEG修饰化疗药物形成两亲性轭合物再包裹姜黄素构建而得。
本发明采用聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰疏水的化疗药物形成两亲性轭合物,然后包裹姜黄素,通过自组装构建可按时间先后释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米给药系统;该系统在体内能够先释放姜黄素,然后释放化疗药物,使化疗药物在肿瘤细胞内的蓄积增加,起到增效减毒的作用。
优选地,所述的化疗药物为作用于DNA化学结构的药物、作用于核酸转录的药物、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、干扰微管蛋白合成的药物、影响核酸生物合成的药物或作用于酪氨酸激酶的药物。
更优选地,所述的化疗药物包括紫衫烷类、喜树碱类、雷帕霉素类等,如紫杉醇或多西他赛。
优选地,所述PEG的数均分子量为0.2K~1000K。
优选地,所述PEG为带有官能团的聚乙二醇,即PEG修饰剂。
更优选地,所述PEG一端为生物素另一端为羧基或一端为马来酰亚胺基另一端为羧基。
优选地,所述纳米递药系统连接有特异性靶向肿瘤细胞的靶头分子;通过进一步采用具有肿瘤细胞特异性的活性分子修饰该纳米递药系统,获得具有特异靶向肿瘤和时序释放药物功能的纳米递药系统。
优选地,所述的靶头分子包括生物素、叶酸、多肽类、抗体或核酸适配体。
更优选地,所述多肽类为酸激活穿模肽、神经肽类似物或RGD肽。
优选地,所述纳米递药系统为纳米颗粒、胶束、脂质体或囊泡。
本发明的纳米递药系统可用于制备抗肿瘤药物,而不仅限于化疗药物,因此本发明还保护所述时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
一种时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.将活化的PEG与化疗药物反应,获得PEG化的化疗药物;
S2.将PEG化的化疗药物和姜黄素溶于二氯甲烷中,旋蒸除去二氯甲烷,加入超纯水,涡旋,超声,离心,即得时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统溶液;
S3.将S2得到的纳米递药系统溶液,冷冻干燥,即得纳米递药系统冻干粉。
优选地,步骤S1所述PEG一端连接有羟基,另一端连接有马来酰亚胺基。
优选地,可以用特异性靶向肿瘤细胞的分子修饰S2得到纳米递药系统溶液,得到具有特异靶向肿瘤和时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物功能的纳米递药系统溶液。
具体地,是将巯基修饰的靶分子与加入到纳米递药系统溶液中,巯基修饰的靶分子与纳米递药系统表面的马来酰亚胺基团反应,获得具有特异靶向肿瘤和时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物功能的纳米递药系统溶液。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过将化疗药物PEG化形成两亲性的轭合物,再采用该两亲性的轭合物在水性介质中自组装同时包裹姜黄素形成纳米递药系统,该系统在体内能够先释放姜黄素,然后释放化疗药物,使化疗药物在肿瘤细胞内的蓄积增加,起到增效减毒的作用。
(2)本发通过用特异性靶向肿瘤细胞的分子修饰PEG,使纳米递药系统具有特异的靶向性,在提高纳米递药系统的对肿瘤细胞治疗效果的同时减小对正常细胞的毒害作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明Cur/Biotin-PEG-PTX纳米递药系统的构建图。
图2为本发明Cur/PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX纳米递药系统的构建图。
图3为本发明Cur/pHLIP -PEG-PTX纳米递药系统的构建图。
图4为本发明Cur/Biotin-PEG-PTX纳米递药系统时序释放药物效果。
图5为本发明Cur/PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX纳米递药系统时序释放药物效果。
图6为本发明Cur/pHLIP -PEG-PTX纳米递药系统时序释放药物效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
除非特别说明,以下实施例所用试剂和材料均为市购。
实施例1生物素修饰的时序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇纳米递药系统
以生物素(Biotin)修饰的时序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇纳米递药系统为例说明其构建过程、时序释放效果评价及抗MCF-7/ADR耐药肿瘤的效果:
1、纳米递药系统的构建
取一端为Biotin一端为羧基的PEG(分子量约为2000)10 mM,溶于50 mL无水二氯甲烷中,然后加入10 mM的紫杉醇(PTX),11 mMN,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)和1.1 mM的4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),室温下搅拌反应三天,过滤,加入无水乙醚沉淀,真空干燥,即得Biotin修饰PEG化的紫杉醇(Biotin-PEG-PTX)。取5mMBiotin-PEG-PTX,1 mM的姜黄素(Cur)溶于20mL二氯甲烷中,旋转蒸发仪挥干二氯甲烷,然后加入20 mL超纯水,接着涡旋5 min,超声5min,4000 r/min、离心10 min,取上清液用0.45 μm的微孔滤膜过滤,得纳米递药系统溶液(Cur/Biotin-PEG-PTX),其构建过程如图1所示。
2、纳米递药系统溶液的水合直径和直径分布采用动态光散射仪(Dynamic LightScattering,DLS)进行测定。实验光源为4.0 mW He-Ne激光,激光波长633 nm,测定角度173°,实验温度为25℃。测定结果见表1所示,纳米递药系统的粒径为95.34nm,且粒径均一,PDI为0.150。
表1 Cur/Biotin-PEG-PTX纳米递药系统的粒径及PDI
纳米递药系统 | 粒径(nm) | PDI |
Cur/Biotin-PEG-PTX | 95.34±5.98 | 0.150±0.023 |
3、Cur/Biotin-PEG-PTX纳米递药系统时序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇效果评价
取10 mg的Cur/PEG-PTX纳米递药系统溶解在3 mL的含1% v/v吐温80的PBS溶液(0.01M,pH7.4)中,然后加入到透析袋中。将透析袋放入12 mL释放介质中,置于37℃的水浴摇床,摇床的转速为120 rpm。在设定的时间点,将释放介质完全取出,更换新鲜的释放介质,采用HPLC法测定姜黄素和紫杉醇的浓度,并计算累计释放率,实验结果见图4所示。
4、Cur/Biotin-PEG-PTX纳米递药系统抗MCF-7/ADR耐药肿瘤效果评价
建立MCF-7/ADR的裸鼠皮下抑制瘤模型,通过尾静脉给药,设立的组别如下:①游离紫杉醇(PTX);②游离姜黄素(Cur)+游离紫杉醇(PTX);③(Cur+PTX)/PEG-PLLA(不能时序释放Cur和PTX组);④Cur/PEG-PTX(时序释放Cur和PTX组);⑤Cur/Biotin-PEG-PTX(生物素修饰能够时序释放Cur和PTX组);⑥生理盐水组每周给药一次,连续给药2个月后,计算给药组的抑瘤率。抑瘤率:IRT(%)=(1-D/S)×100(D,治疗组肿瘤重量;S,生理盐水组肿瘤重量)。实验结果见表2所示,时序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇的纳米递药系统(Cur/PEG-PTX)抑瘤率为82±2%,抗瘤效果强于不能时序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇的纳米递药系统(Cur+PTX)/PEG-PLLA,采用生物素修饰,能够进一步提高时序释放序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇的纳米递药系统的抗瘤效果。
表2 Cur/Biotin-PEG-PTX体内抗肿瘤效果。
组别 | 抑瘤率(%) |
PTX | 33±4% |
Cur+PTX | 37±5% |
(Cur+PTX)/PEG-PLLA | 63±2% |
Cur/PEG-PTX | 82±2% |
Cur/Biotin-PEG-PTX | 87±3% |
实施例2神经肽类似物(PNBL-NPY)修饰的具有肿瘤靶向和时序释放姜黄素、多西他赛的纳米递药系统
以神经肽类似物(PNBL-NPY)修饰的具有肿瘤靶向和时序释放姜黄素、多西他赛的纳米递药系统为例说明其构建过程、时序释放效果评价及抗MCF-7/ADR耐药肿瘤的效果:
1、纳米递药系统的构建
取一端为马来酰亚胺基一端为羧基的PEG(分子量约为2000)10 mM,溶于60 mL无水二氯甲烷中,然后加入10 mM的多西他赛(DTX),11 mMDCC和1.1 mMDMAP,室温下搅拌反应三天,过滤,加入无水乙醚沉淀,真空干燥,即得一端为马来酰亚胺基PEG化的多西他赛(Mal-PEG-DTX)。取5mMMal-PEG-DTX,1 mM的姜黄素(Cur)溶于30 mL二氯甲烷中,旋转蒸发仪挥干二氯甲烷,然后加入20 mL超纯水,接着涡旋5 min,超声5 min,4000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液用0.45 μm的微孔滤膜过滤,得纳米递药系统溶液(Cur/Mal-PEG-DTX),在该溶液中加入5mM的巯基化的神经肽类似物(PNBL-NPY),室温下孵育24小时后,超速离心得神经肽类似物(PNBL-NPY)修饰的具有肿瘤靶向和时序释放姜黄素、多西他赛的纳米递药系统(Cur/PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX)。其构建过程如图2所示。本例中所采用神经肽类似物(PNBL-NPY)为一种由9个氨基酸组成的神经肽Y(Neuropeptide Y,NPY)类似物[Pro30, Nle31, Bpa32,Leu34]NPY(28-36)。
2、纳米递药系统溶液的水合直径和直径分布采用动态光散射仪(Dynamic LightScattering,DLS)进行测定。实验光源为4.0 mW He-Ne激光,激光波长633 nm,测定角度173°,实验温度为25℃。测定结果见表3所示,纳米递药系统的粒径为122.5nm,且粒径均一,PDI为0.210。
表3 Cur/PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX纳米递药系统的粒径及PDI
纳米递药系统 | 粒径(nm) | PDI |
Cur/PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX | 122.5±7.12 | 0.210±0.034 |
3、Cur/PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX纳米递药系统时序释放姜黄素、多西他赛效果评价
取10 mg的Cur/PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX纳米递药系统溶解在3 mL的含1% v/v吐温80的PBS溶液(0.01M,pH7.4)中,然后加入到透析袋中。将透析袋放入12 mL释放介质中,置于37℃的水浴摇床,摇床的转速为120 rpm。在设定的时间点,将释放介质完全取出,更换新鲜的释放介质,采用HPLC法测定姜黄素和多西他赛的浓度,并计算累计释放率,实验结果见图5所示。
4、Cur/PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX纳米递药系统抗MCF-7/ADR耐药肿瘤效果评价
建立MCF-7/ADR的裸鼠皮下抑制瘤模型,通过尾静脉给药,设立的组别如下:①游离DTX;②游离Cur+游离多西他赛;③(Cur+DTX)/PEG-PLLA(不能时序释放Cur和DTX组);④Cur/PEG-DTX(时序释放Cur和DTX组);⑤Cur/PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX(PNBL-NPY修饰能够时序释放Cur和DTX组);⑥生理盐水组每周给药一次,连续给药2个月后,计算给药组的抑瘤率。抑瘤率:IRT(%)=(1-D/S)×100(D,治疗组肿瘤重量;S,生理盐水组肿瘤重量)。实验结果见表4,可知时序释放姜黄素、多西他赛的纳米递药系统(Cur/PEG-DTX)抑瘤率为83±5%,抗瘤效果强于不能时序释放姜黄素、多西他赛的纳米递药系统(Cur+DTX)/PEG-PLLA,采用PNBL-NPY修饰,能够进一步提高时序释放序释放姜黄素、多西他赛纳米递药系统的抗瘤效果。
表4 Cur/PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX体内抗肿瘤效果。
组别 | 抑瘤率(%) |
DTX | 41±3% |
Cur+DTX | 43±4% |
(Cur+DTX)/PEG-PLLA | 55±3% |
Cur/PEG-DTX | 83±5% |
Cur/ PNBL-NPY-PEG-DTX | 92±4% |
实施例3酸激活穿膜肽(pHLIP)修饰的具有肿瘤靶向和时序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇的纳米递药系统
以酸激活穿膜肽(pHLIP)修饰的具有肿瘤靶向和时序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇的纳米递药系统为例说明其构建过程、时序释放效果评价及抗MCF-7/ADR耐药肿瘤的效果:
1、纳米递药系统的构建
取一端为马来酰亚胺基一端为羧基的PEG(分子量约为1000)10 mM,溶于 60 mL 无水二氯甲烷中,然后加入 10 mM的紫杉醇(PTX),11 mM DCC和1.1 mM的DMAP,室温下搅拌反应三天,过滤,加入无水乙醚沉淀,真空干燥,即得一端为马来酰亚胺基PEG化的紫杉醇(Mal-PEG-PTX)。取5mMMal-PEG-PTX,1 mM的姜黄素(Cur)溶于30 mL二氯甲烷中,旋转蒸发仪挥干二氯甲烷,然后加入20 mL超纯水,接着涡旋5 min,超声5 min,4000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液用0.45 μm的微孔滤膜过滤,得纳米递药系统溶液(Cur/Mal-PEG-PTX),在该溶液中加入5mM的巯基化的酸激活穿膜肽(pHLIP),室温下孵育24小时后,超速离心得酸激活穿膜肽(pHLIP)修饰的具有肿瘤靶向和时序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇的纳米递药系统(Cur/pHLIP-PEG-PTX)。其构建过程如图3所示。本例中所采用酸激活穿膜肽(pHLIP)的氨基酸系列为:ACEQNPIYWARYADWLFTTPLLLLDLALLVDADET。
2、纳米递药系统溶液的水合直径和直径分布采用动态光散射仪(Dynamic LightScattering,DLS)进行测定。实验光源为4.0 mW He-Ne激光,激光波长633 nm,测定角度173°,实验温度为25℃。测定结果见表5,纳米递药系统的粒径为115.2nm,且粒径均一,PDI为0.223。
表5Cur/pHLIP -PEG-PTX纳米递药系统的粒径及PDI
纳米递药系统 | 粒径(nm) | PDI |
Cur/pHLIP -PEG-PTX | 115.2±6.67 | 0.223±0.032 |
3、Cur/pHLIP -PEG-PTX纳米递药系统时序释放姜黄素、多西他赛效果评价
取10 mg的Cur/pHLIP-PEG-PTX纳米递药系统溶解在3 mL的含1% v/v吐温80的PBS溶液(0.01M,pH7.4)中,然后加入到透析袋中。将透析袋放入12 mL释放介质中,置于37℃的水浴摇床,摇床的转速为120 rpm。在设定的时间点,将释放介质完全取出,更换新鲜的释放介质,采用HPLC法测定姜黄素和紫杉醇的浓度,并计算累计释放率,实验结果见图6所示。
4、Cur/pHLIP-PEG-PTX纳米递药系统抗MCF-7/ADR耐药肿瘤效果评价
建立MCF-7/ADR的裸鼠皮下抑制瘤模型,通过尾静脉给药,设立的组别如下:①游离PTX;②游离Cur+游离PTX;③(Cur+PTX)/PEG-PLLA(不能时序释放Cur和PTX组);④Cur/PEG-PTX(时序释放Cur和PTX组);⑤Cur/pHLIP-PEG-PTX(pHLIP修饰能够时序释放Cur和PTX组);⑥生理盐水组每周给药一次,连续给药2个月后,计算给药组的抑瘤率。抑瘤率:IRT(%)=(1-D/S)×100(D,治疗组肿瘤重量;S,生理盐水组肿瘤重量)。实验结果见表6,时序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇的纳米递药系统(Cur/PEG-PTX)抑瘤率为82±2%,抗瘤效果强于不能时序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇的纳米递药系统(Cur+DTX)/PEG-PLLA,采用pHLIP修饰,能够进一步提高时序释放序释放姜黄素、紫杉醇纳米递药系统的抗瘤效果。
表6 Cur/pHLIP -PEG-PTX体内抗肿瘤效果
组别 | 抑瘤率(%) |
PTX | 33±4% |
Cur+PTX | 37±5% |
(Cur+PTX)/PEG-PLLA | 63±2% |
Cur/PEG-PTX | 82±2% |
Cur/pHLIP-PEG-PTX | 92±2% |
综上所述,本发明的具有肿瘤靶向作用和时序释放药物的纳米递药系统,具有明显的抗耐药肿瘤效果,进一步原理阐述如下:本发明所制备的纳米递药系统进入细胞后,能够保证两种药物以不同的顺序和速率释放:通过物理包裹的姜黄素,首先快速释放,通过多种途径(如抑制外排泵P-gp活性,下调NF-κB的表达,抑制BCL-2介导的肿瘤耐药等)恢复耐药肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性,而通过化学键连接的化疗药物则需通过水解而缓慢释放。由于姜黄素提前增敏了耐药肿瘤细胞,使化疗药物的治疗效果明显增加。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。
Claims (10)
1.一种时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统,其特征在于,由活化的PEG修饰化疗药物形成两亲性轭合物再包裹姜黄素构建而得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统,其特征在于,所述的化疗药物为作用于DNA化学结构的药物、作用于核酸转录的药物、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、干扰微管蛋白合成的药物、影响核酸生物合成的药物或作用于酪氨酸激酶的药物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统,其特征在于,所述PEG的数均分子量为0.2K~1000K。
4.根据权利要求1所述的时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统,其特征在于,所述PEG一端为羧基或一端为马来酰亚胺基另一端为羧基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统,其特征在于,所述纳米递药系统连接有特异性靶向肿瘤细胞的靶头分子。
6.权利要求1~5中任一项所述时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
7.一种时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1.将活化的PEG与化疗药物反应,获得PEG化的化疗药物;
S2.将PEG化的化疗药物和姜黄素溶于二氯甲烷中,旋蒸除去二氯甲烷,加入超纯水,涡旋,超声,离心,即得时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物的纳米递药系统溶液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,用特异性靶向肿瘤细胞的分子修饰S2得到纳米递药系统溶液,得到具有特异靶向肿瘤和时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物功能的纳米递药系统溶液。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述PEG一端连接有羧基,另一端连接有马来酰亚胺基。
10.根据权利要求9的所述的制备方法,其特征在于,是将巯基修饰的靶分子与纳米递药系统表面的马来酰亚胺基团反应,获得具有特异靶向肿瘤和时序释放姜黄素和化疗药物功能的纳米递药系统溶液。
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