CN108107002A - The in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation is simplified based on multiple level target - Google Patents

The in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation is simplified based on multiple level target Download PDF

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CN108107002A
CN108107002A CN201711181278.3A CN201711181278A CN108107002A CN 108107002 A CN108107002 A CN 108107002A CN 201711181278 A CN201711181278 A CN 201711181278A CN 108107002 A CN108107002 A CN 108107002A
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mrow
msub
lambda
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multiple level
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陈洪耀
张黎明
李鑫
徐伟伟
司孝龙
韩涛
杨利峰
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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    • G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N2021/1793—Remote sensing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N2021/1793—Remote sensing
    • G01N2021/1795—Atmospheric mapping of gases

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Abstract

The in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation is simplified based on multiple level target the invention discloses one kind, with grayscale target（Target plate）, speculum, the multiple level target such as active light source be reference, linear regression is utilized to calculate separation target emanation and atmospheric path radiation, surface atmosphere coupled radiation.By live atmosphere optical thickness, it is unrestrained always than（It is needed if target is diffusion）And the measurement of multiple level target energy combines Atmospheric Absorption gas permeation rate and calculates, and realizes the in-orbit absolute radiometric calibration of optical sensor.The in-orbit absolute radiometric calibration technology of the present invention does not depend on Radiance transfer calculation, reduces the influence of the factors such as aerosol, atmospheric model, which can realize optical sensor full dynamic range, high accuracy Scaling based on the measured data of ground.

Description

The in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation is simplified based on multiple level target
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical remote sensing science and technology fields more particularly to a kind of multiple level target that is based on to simplify radiation transmission Calculate in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method.
Background technology
Optical remote sensing has important answer in fields such as survey of territorial resources, surveying and mapping, urban planning and military surveillances Use meaning.The rdaiation response of the remotely-sensed datas such as biophysical parameters of observed object product and remote sensor has direct relation, therefore The accuracy of absolute radiometric calibration during remote sensor operation directly affects the breadth and depth of its remote sensing data application.
Optical sensor transmitting before Laboratory Calibration be most comprehensively, accuracy it is highest, however emit when acutely shaking The performances such as the reasons such as the aging of dynamic, outer space rugged environment and optical element, the rdaiation response of instrument can change.Portion Although spectroscopy remote sensor is equipped with the onboard process system such as lamp or diffusing panel, but scaling system itself may decay (some has stability monitoring system), and these systems can only realize the calibration of part aperture or part light path mostly.Light During learning remote sensor in orbit, using large area uniform field or made Target as scene, pass through ground spectral reflectivity, atmosphere light The place vicarious calibration mode of parameter measurement combination Radiance transfer calculation is learned, physical quantity is directly traced to the source to solar constant outside air, Therefore absolute radiometric calibration under optical sensor working condition can be realized.
Reflectivity method, Radiance and irradiance-based method are three kinds of common place vicarious calibration modes, wherein irradiation level Diffusion/the global radiation on ground is added unlike method is unique from reflectivity method than measuring, it is right in reflectivity method so as to reduce The uncertainty that the hypothesis of aerosol scattering is brought.Vicarious calibration based on large area uniform field is to condition (such as height above sea level in place Highly, Reflectivity for Growing Season etc.) it is more demanding, and be only capable of realizing One point standard (single spoke brightness).Meet the big of calibration requirement Area uniform field limited amount, and the radiation calibration field reflectivity in China is relatively low, and the high-end needs of response extrapolate to obtain, at present The attainable precision level of traditional calibrating method is more than 6%.
With the raising of optical sensor spatial resolution, the uniformity and lambert's property in place cannot meet the need of calibration Will, in addition, more star networking temporal resolutions improve, and calibrate place it is few and single, calibration chance it is few, efficiency is low, calibration the cycle It is long, it is desirable that with reference to having more high stability, mobility and space-time adaptability, existing In-flight calibration technological means is difficult to meet for calibration High-precision, the needs of high frequency time businessization calibration in China's optical sensor full dynamic range.
The raising of optical sensor spatial resolution so that special based on possessing flat spectrum, space uniform, approximate Lambertian body The high-precision of artificial target of property, the in-orbit absolute radiometric calibration of high frequency time are possibly realized.Found university in the South Dakota State in the U.S. (South Dakota State University) realizes more in full dynamic range of the optical sensor based on artificial target Grade radiation calibration, however traditional Calibration Method using Radiance transfer calculation as core is needed to aerosol properties, air Point spread function, ambient enviroment reflectivity etc. are carried out it is assumed that in complex background, and actual conditions are difficult to be consistent with hypothesis. Calculation error caused by model hypothesis is up to more than 20% in blue wave band.
The content of the invention
The defects of the object of the invention is exactly to make up prior art is provided a kind of radiated based on the simplification of multiple level target and passed It is defeated to calculate in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
One kind simplifies the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, and particular content is as follows：
According to radiative transfer model, under complex environment the spoke brightness of optical sensor entrance pupil be represented by：
Wherein Es(λ) be air external spectrum irradiation level, μsFor the cosine of solar zenith angle, Tgas(θs,θν, λ) and it is to absorb gas Body transmitance, ρa(λ) be air inherent reflectivity, τ (λ) be atmosphere optical thickness, S (λ) be air spherical albedo, td(θs, λ) transmitance, ρ are diffused for the sun-groundB(λ) be ambient enviroment reflectivity, ρt(λ) be target reflectivity, t'd(θν, λ) and it is light Learn remote sensor-ground diffusion transmitance, αs(λ) for sun incident direction overflow always than；
Theoretical, the synchronization in certain area coverage, air inherent reflectivity ρ according to plane-parallel atmospherea(λ), inhale Receive gas permeation rate Tgas(θs,θν, λ) and ambient enviroment reflectivity ρB(λ) is constant, then formula (1) can be rewritten as：
L (λ)=A (λ)+B (λ) ρt(λ) (2)
Wherein：
From formula (2), the spoke brightness of optical sensor entrance pupil and the energy level ρ of ground targett(λ) is linearly closed into unitary System；
According to optical sensor radiation calibration equation (5)
And image gray value and different energy levels carry out linear regression, obtain：
(i) as ρ in i-th of passage of optical sensortDuring (λ)=0, L (λ)=A (λ), image intensity value DN is side at this time The intercept of journey
(ii) ρ is worked astDuring (λ)=1, L (λ)=A (λ)+B (λ), image intensity value DN is the slope of equation at this time
The responsiveness calibration coefficient A of optical sensor is obtained by equation (6), (7)gain：
The atmosphere optical thickness τ (λ) and solar direction are overflow always than αs(λ) can be by actinometer and by responding It spends the spectral radiometer of calibration while measures and obtain.
DescribedWithIt is linearly returned and is calculated by different energy level reflected signals, while can also combined Test data optimization in more days is calculated.
When the multiple level target is diffuser, then size is more than the distance between more than 5 × 5 pixels, different energy levels 5 pixels need to be more than.
When multiple level target is diffuser, spectrum is flat in remote sensor channel range, and spectral reflectivity is less than 1%.
When multiple level target is diffuser, remote sensor view zenith angle is less than in the range of 10 °, target bi reflection distribution letter Number variation is less than 1%.
, it is necessary to lay more than 3 × 3 array when the multiple level target is non-diffuse body, the distance between array is Non- whole pixel, more than 5 pixels detect the modulation transfer function of remote sensor systems, are influenced with correcting rdaiation response.
When multiple level target is non-diffuse body, the distance between each energy level is more than 10 pixels.
Energy level covering more than 70% dynamic range of optical sensor of multiple level target, energy level are not less than 3 grades.
The absolute radiometric calibration calculation process for being simplified Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target is illustrated in fig. 2 shown below, wherein The Radiance transfer calculations such as MODTRAN/6S obtain the sun-destination path atmospheric spectral transmittance and actinometer measurement transmitance It approaches, so as to obtain the sun-destination path atmospheric spectral transmittance, then changes the geometric position factor, obtain remote sensor-target Path atmospheric spectral transmittance.The method that target emanation and atmospheric path radiation, the separation of surface atmosphere coupled radiation pass through linear regression It is calculated, target emanation is obtained by measuring reflection/radiation energy (or reflectivity) with reference to atmosphere optical thickness survey calculation Go out.
It is an advantage of the invention that：(1) in-orbit absolute radiometric calibration technology of the invention is disobeyed based on the measured data of ground Rely Radiance transfer calculation, reduce the influence of the factors such as aerosol, atmospheric model；
(2) in-orbit absolute radiometric calibration technology of the invention can realize optical sensor full dynamic range, high accuracy Scaling；
(3) in-orbit absolute radiometric calibration technology of the invention can reduce large area uniform field by geographical location, weather condition Etc. conditions limitation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is solar radiation-ground-remote sensor interaction schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is in-orbit radiation calibration techniqueflow.
Fig. 3 is multiple level target (diffuser) layout diagram.
Fig. 4 multiple level target (non-diffuse body) layout diagram.
Specific embodiment
Such as Fig. 1,2, one kind simplifies the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, specific interior Hold as follows：
Radiation at optical sensor entrance pupil mainly radiates three by atmospheric path radiation, target reflected radiation, ambient background Divide comprehensive function composition, be illustrated in fig. 1 shown below：According to radiative transfer model, the spoke brightness of optical sensor entrance pupil can under complex environment It is expressed as：
Wherein Es(λ) be air external spectrum irradiation level, μsFor the cosine of solar zenith angle, Tgas(θs,θν, λ) and it is to absorb gas Body transmitance, ρa(λ) be air inherent reflectivity, τ (λ) be atmosphere optical thickness, S (λ) be air spherical albedo, td(θs, λ) transmitance, ρ are diffused for the sun-groundB(λ) be ambient enviroment reflectivity, ρt(λ) be target reflectivity, t'd(θν, λ) and it is light Learn remote sensor-ground diffusion transmitance, αs(λ) for sun incident direction overflow always than；
Theoretical, the synchronization in certain area coverage, air inherent reflectivity ρ according to plane-parallel atmospherea(λ), inhale Receive gas permeation rate Tgas(θs,θν, λ) and ambient enviroment reflectivity ρB(λ) is constant, then formula (1) can be rewritten as：
L (λ)=A (λ)+B (λ) ρt(λ) (2)
Wherein：
From formula (2), the spoke brightness of optical sensor entrance pupil and the energy level ρ of ground targett(λ) is linearly closed into unitary System；
According to optical sensor radiation calibration equation (5)
And image gray value and different energy levels carry out linear regression, obtain：
(i) as ρ in i-th of passage of optical sensortDuring (λ)=0, L (λ)=A (λ), image intensity value DN is side at this time The intercept of journey
(ii) ρ is worked astDuring (λ)=1, L (λ)=A (λ)+B (λ), image intensity value DN is the slope of equation at this time
The responsiveness calibration coefficient A of optical sensor is obtained by equation (6), (7)gain：
The atmosphere optical thickness τ (λ) and solar direction are overflow always than αs(λ) can be by actinometer and by responding It spends the spectral radiometer of calibration while measures and obtain.
DescribedWithIt is linearly returned and is calculated by different energy level reflected signals, while can also combined Test data optimization in more days is calculated.
As shown in figure 3, when the multiple level target is diffuser, then size is more than more than 5 × 5 pixels, different energy levels The distance between need to be more than 5 pixels.
When multiple level target is diffuser, spectrum is flat in remote sensor channel range, and spectral reflectivity is less than 1%.
When multiple level target is diffuser, remote sensor view zenith angle is less than in the range of 10 °, target bi reflection distribution letter Number variation is less than 1%.
As shown in figure 4, it is necessary to lay more than 3 × 3 array when the multiple level target is non-diffuse body, array it Between distance for non-whole pixel, more than 5 pixels detect the modulation transfer functions of remote sensor systems, to correct rdaiation response shadow It rings.
When multiple level target is non-diffuse body, the distance between each energy level is more than 10 pixels.
Energy level covering more than 70% dynamic range of optical sensor of multiple level target, energy level are not less than 3 grades.
The atmosphere optical thickness τ, solar direction are overflow always than αs(λ) can determine by actinometer and by responsiveness Target spectral radiometer measures obtain simultaneously.
It need not be to the meter of the parameters such as atmospheric aerosol type, aerosol optical depth, atmospheric path radiation, air albedo It calculates and assumes, Radiance transfer calculation only needs the calculating of gas absorption transmitance.
The energy level target on ground is the grayscale target (target plate) that spectrum is flat, lambert's property is good in remote sensor channel range, quilt Speculum, active illuminating source and similar natural target of the dynamic formula reflection sun etc..
1) multiple level target is laid
The laying of multiple level target need to select the region that surrounding is open, physical features is flat to lay, and according to circumstances ground can be laid black More than 10 pixels of the distance between color spacer screen, multi-object, cloth set direction is along optical sensor heading, the energy level of laying 3 or more are needed, layout diagram is as shown in Figure 3.
2) live synchro measure
Crossing before and after pushing up needs to carry out atmosphere optical thickness, overflow always than (multiple level target needs when being diffuse material), multiple level The meteorologic parameters such as the energy level sequence (including reflectivity, spoke brightness, luminous intensity etc.) of target and temperature and humidity pressure.
3) data processing
According to optical sensor radiation calibration equation
And image gray value and different energy levels carry out linear regression, obtain：
(i) as ρ in i-th of passage of optical sensortDuring (λ)=0, L (λ)=A (λ), image intensity value DN is side at this time The intercept of journey
(ii) ρ is worked astDuring (λ)=1, L (λ)=A (λ)+B (λ), image intensity value DN is the slope of equation at this time
The responsiveness calibration coefficient A of optical sensor is obtained by above equationgain, dark current DN0It can be observed by camera deep Sky obtains.

Claims (9)

1. one kind simplifies the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, it is characterised in that：Specifically Content is as follows：
According to radiative transfer model, under complex environment the spoke brightness of optical sensor entrance pupil be represented by：
<mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <msubsup> <mi>t</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> </msubsup> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Wherein Es(λ) be air external spectrum irradiation level, μsFor the cosine of solar zenith angle, Tgas(θs,θν, λ) and it is penetrated to absorb gas Rate, ρa(λ) be air inherent reflectivity, τ (λ) be atmosphere optical thickness, S (λ) be air spherical albedo, td(θs, λ) and for too Sun-ground diffusion transmitance, ρB(λ) be ambient enviroment reflectivity, ρt(λ) be target reflectivity, t'd(θν, λ) and it is optical remote sensing Device-ground diffusion transmitance, αs(λ) for sun incident direction overflow always than；
Theoretical, the synchronization in certain area coverage, air inherent reflectivity ρ according to plane-parallel atmospherea(λ), gas is absorbed Transmitance Tgas(θs,θν, λ) and ambient enviroment reflectivity ρB(λ) is constant, then formula (1) can be rewritten as：
L (λ)=A (λ)+B (λ) ρt(λ) (2)
Wherein：
<mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mi>t</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
<mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;alpha;</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
From formula (2), the spoke brightness of optical sensor entrance pupil and the energy level ρ of ground targett(λ) is into unary linear relation；
According to optical sensor radiation calibration equation (5)
<mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>q</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&amp;Integral;</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&amp;Integral;</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>DN</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>DN</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
And image gray value and different energy levels carry out linear regression, obtain：
(i) as ρ in i-th of passage of optical sensortDuring (λ)=0, L (λ)=A (λ), image intensity value DN is cutting for equation at this time Away from
<mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&amp;Integral;</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&amp;Integral;</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>DN</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>DN</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>DN</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
(ii) ρ is worked astDuring (λ)=1, L (λ)=A (λ)+B (λ), image intensity value DN is the slope of equation at this time
<mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&amp;Integral;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&amp;Integral;</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>DN</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>DN</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>DN</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
The responsiveness calibration coefficient A of optical sensor is obtained by equation (6), (7)gain：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&amp;Integral;</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&amp;Integral;</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>DN</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>DN</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow>
2. according to claim 1 simplify the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, It is characterized in that：The atmosphere optical thickness τ (λ) and solar direction are overflow always than αs(λ) can pass through actinometer and process The spectral radiometer of responsiveness calibration measures simultaneously to be obtained.
3. according to claim 1 simplify the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, It is characterized in that：DescribedWithIt is linearly returned and is calculated by different energy level reflected signals, while can also tied Test data optimization in more days is closed to be calculated.
4. according to claim 1 simplify the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, It is characterized in that：When the multiple level target is diffuser, then size is more than more than 5 × 5 pixels, between different energy levels away from From 5 pixels need to be more than.
5. according to claim 4 simplify the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, It is characterized in that：When multiple level target is diffuser, spectrum is flat in remote sensor channel range, and spectral reflectivity is less than 1%.
6. according to claim 5 simplify the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, It is characterized in that：When multiple level target is diffuser, remote sensor view zenith angle is less than in the range of 10 °, target bi reflection point The variation of cloth function is less than 1%.
7. according to claim 1 simplify the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, It is characterized in that：, it is necessary to lay the distance between more than 3 × 3 array, array when the multiple level target is non-diffuse body For non-whole pixel, more than 5 pixels detect the modulation transfer function of remote sensor systems, are influenced with correcting rdaiation response.
8. according to claim 7 simplify the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, It is characterized in that：When multiple level target is non-diffuse body, the distance between each energy level is more than 10 pixels.
9. according to claim 7 simplify the in-orbit absolute radiation calibration method of Radiance transfer calculation based on multiple level target, It is characterized in that：Energy level covering more than 70% dynamic range of optical sensor of multiple level target, energy level are not less than 3 grades.
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