CN116753990B - Method, device, system and computer equipment for calibrating on-orbit radiation of optical remote sensor - Google Patents
Method, device, system and computer equipment for calibrating on-orbit radiation of optical remote sensor Download PDFInfo
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- G01C25/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
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Abstract
The application relates to an on-orbit radiation calibration method, a device, a system and computer equipment for an optical remote sensor, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the optical thickness of an atmospheric non-absorption wave band when the optical remote sensor is overturned, the upward radiance of a reference target and the image data of the optical remote sensor; the reference target comprises a first energy level target, a second energy level target, a third energy level target and a fourth energy level target, and the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target are sequentially distributed along the running track direction of the optical remote sensor; and solving an observation equation, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor. By adopting the method, the gain calibration coefficient and the offset calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor can be obtained simultaneously by solving the observation equation of at least four energy level targets, thereby eliminating the influence of the radiance generated by atmospheric path radiation and the error of the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere and improving the accuracy of the external field on-orbit radiation calibration of the optical remote sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of remote sensing, in particular to an on-orbit radiation calibration method, device and system for an optical remote sensor and computer equipment.
Background
The optical remote sensor has important application significance in the fields of mapping and drawing, urban planning and the like, and the biophysical parameters of an observation target and various remote sensing data products are directly related to the radiation response of the optical remote sensor, so that the accuracy of absolute radiation calibration during the operation of the optical remote sensor directly influences the application breadth and depth of the remote sensing data.
During the on-orbit operation of the optical remote sensor, a large-area uniform field is used as a scene, and the absolute radiation calibration of the optical remote sensor in the working state can be realized by combining ground spectral reflectivity/emissivity, emergent radiance and atmospheric optical parameter measurement with a field replacement calibration mode calculated by radiation transmission, so that the optical remote sensor is one of important on-orbit radiation calibration modes. However, the alternative calibration mode based on a large-area uniform field has higher requirements on the condition of the field, and the calibration precision is usually insufficient, so that the requirements of high-precision and high-frequency calibration in the full dynamic range of the optical remote sensor are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide an on-orbit radiation calibration method for an optical remote sensor aiming at the problem that the conventional on-orbit calibration technology based on a large-area uniform field is difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision and high-frequency calibration.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for calibrating in-orbit radiation of an optical remote sensor, the method comprising the steps of:
acquiring the optical thickness of an atmospheric non-absorption wave band when the optical remote sensor is overturned, the upward radiance of a reference target and the image data of the optical remote sensor; the reference target comprises a first energy level target, a second energy level target, a third energy level target and a fourth energy level target, and the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target are sequentially distributed along the running track direction of the optical remote sensor;
solving an observation equation based on the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor; the observation equation is established according to the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere, the upward radiance of the reference target, the image data of the optical remote sensor, the radiance generated by atmospheric radiation, the upward absorption gas transmittance, the atmospheric quality and the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere.
The on-orbit radiation calibration method for the optical remote sensor can realize the on-orbit radiation calibration of the optical remote sensor through a plurality of reference targets with different energy levels, gain calibration coefficients and offset calibration coefficients of the optical remote sensor can be obtained simultaneously through solving the observation equation of at least four energy level targets, the influence of the radiation brightness generated by atmospheric path radiation and the error of the diffusion transmittance in the atmospheric direction is eliminated, the accuracy of the on-orbit radiation calibration of the optical remote sensor is improved, the method shown in the embodiment has lower requirements on calibration sites, the external field calibration efficiency can be improved, and the external field calibration cost is saved.
In one embodiment, the image data includes a statistical average of gray values of reference target images of the respective channels of the optical remote sensor; solving an observation equation based on the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor, wherein the steps are processed according to the following expression:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,is->The corresponding atmospheric radiation of the channel produces the radiance; />Is->The atmospheric path radiation corresponding to the channel generates a radiance correction value which is an unknown quantity; / >Is->Upward radiance of the first energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Upward radiance of the second energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Upward radiance of a third energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Upward radiance of a fourth energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Upward absorption gas transmittance corresponding to the channel; />Is the mass of the atmosphere; />Is->The non-absorption band atmospheric optical thickness corresponding to the channel; />Is->The upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere corresponding to the channel; />Is->The correction value of the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere corresponding to the channel is an unknown quantity; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the first energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the second energy level target images corresponding to the channels;is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the third energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the fourth energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->The gain scaling factor of the channel is an unknown quantity; />Is->The offset scaling factor of the channel is an unknown quantity.
In one embodiment, the method for calibrating the on-orbit radiation of the optical remote sensor further comprises:
Acquiring an atmospheric profile parameter when the optical remote sensor is overtopped;
and carrying out radiation transmission calculation based on the atmospheric profile parameters, and determining the radiance, upward absorption gas transmittance and atmospheric upward diffusion transmittance generated by the atmospheric path radiation.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration device, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the optical thickness of the atmospheric non-absorption wave band when the optical remote sensor is overturned, the upward radiance of the reference target and the image data of the optical remote sensor; the reference target comprises a first energy level target, a second energy level target, a third energy level target and a fourth energy level target, and the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target are sequentially distributed along the running track direction of the optical remote sensor;
a calculation module for solving an observation equation based on the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor; the observation equation is established according to the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere, the upward radiance of the reference target, the image data of the optical remote sensor, the radiance generated by atmospheric radiation, the upward absorption gas transmittance, the atmospheric quality and the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere.
In a third aspect, the present application provides an optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration system, comprising:
the reference target is arranged on the calibration site and comprises a first energy level target, a second energy level target, a third energy level target and a fourth energy level target, and the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target are sequentially distributed along the running track direction of the optical remote sensor;
the radiometer is arranged on the calibration field and is used for measuring the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere and the upward radiance of the reference target;
computer device comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the method of the first aspect described above when the processor executes the computer program.
In one embodiment, the optical remote sensor on-orbit radiometric calibration system further comprises a first substrate disposed on the calibration site, the first substrate being a light absorbing substrate, the reference target being disposed on the first substrate.
In one embodiment, the distance between the reference targets is greater than 5 times the optical remote sensor pixel resolution distance.
In one embodiment, the reference target comprises:
the shell is provided with a radiation outlet communicated with the inner cavity of the shell, the inner cavity wall of the shell is spherical, and the inner cavity wall is provided with a first diffuse reflection coating;
the light source assembly is arranged in the inner cavity of the shell.
Further, the reference target may further include:
and the radiation piece is connected with the shell and covers the radiation emergent opening.
In one embodiment, the length of the radiation surface formed by the radiation piece is greater than 5 times of the resolution distance of the optical remote sensor pixel, and the width of the radiation surface is greater than 5 times of the resolution distance of the optical remote sensor pixel.
In one embodiment, the first diffuse reflection coating is any one or more of a barium sulfate coating, a polytetrafluoroethylene coating and a mixed coating of barium sulfate and polytetrafluoroethylene.
In one embodiment, the light source assembly includes a first light source and a second light source, the first light source having a wavelength range that covers a wavelength range of the second light source.
In one embodiment, the first light source has a wavelength range covering a wavelength band of 350 nm to 2500 nm and the second light source has a wavelength range covering a wavelength band of 350 nm to 500 nm.
In one embodiment, the light source assembly further comprises a controller electrically connected to the first light source and the second light source for controlling the power of the first light source and the second light source.
In one embodiment, the first light source is a halogen lamp light source and the second light source is an LED light source.
In one embodiment, the reference target includes a second substrate and a second diffuse reflective coating disposed on the second substrate.
In one embodiment, the second diffuse reflective coating is a polypropylene and carbon black hybrid coating.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer device comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the method of the first aspect described above when the computer program is executed by the processor.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the method of the first aspect described above.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an on-orbit radiation calibration method for an optical remote sensor according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an on-orbit radiometric calibration system for an optical remote sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for determining the radiance, upward absorption gas permeability, and upward atmospheric diffuse permeability of atmospheric process radiation according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reference object in one embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a reference object according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is an internal structural view of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the application will be readily understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. The present application may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application, whereby the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that, if any, these terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., are used herein with respect to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, these terms refer to the orientation or positional relationship for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the terms "plurality" and "a plurality" if any, mean at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present application, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly. For example, the two parts can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the meaning of a first feature being "on" or "off" a second feature, and the like, is that the first and second features are either in direct contact or in indirect contact through an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that if an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. If an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein, if any, are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent a unique embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of an on-orbit radiation calibration method for an optical remote sensor according to an embodiment of the application. Referring to fig. 1, the method for calibrating the on-orbit radiation of the optical remote sensor in this embodiment includes the following steps:
step S110, acquiring the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere, the upward radiance of the reference target and the image data of the optical remote sensor when the optical remote sensor is overtopped.
Wherein, the over-roof refers to that the optical remote sensor flies over the upper part of the calibration field. When the optical remote sensor is overturned, the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere, the upward radiance of the reference target and the image data of the optical remote sensor are collected, wherein the collection time can be the time of the optical remote sensor overtravel or a period of time before and after the optical remote sensor overtravel time, for example, within 5 minutes before and after the optical remote sensor overtravel time. Wherein optical thickness is used to describe the ability of the atmosphere to transmit light in a particular band. In the non-absorption band, the transmission of light in the atmosphere is mainly composed of scattering and transmission, while the effect of absorption is small. Thus, the atmospheric non-absorption band optical thickness mainly describes the scattering and transmission processes in the atmosphere. The optical thickness of the atmospheric non-absorption band is generally expressed in terms of dimensionless numbers. The larger the optical thickness, the longer the distance the light propagates in the atmosphere, and the larger the influence of scattering and transmission. The smaller the optical thickness, the shorter the distance that light propagates in the atmosphere, and the smaller the influence of scattering and transmission. By considering the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere, the remote sensing data can be analyzed more accurately, and the reliability and comparability of the data are improved.
The reference target serves as a scaled reference for the optical remote sensor, in this embodiment having a plurality of energy levels, where "energy level" refers to the level of radiation power or radiation intensity of the reference target. In the present embodiment, the reference target may be a diffuse reflector or a diffuse radiator, which is not limited in this embodiment. Wherein the diffuse reflector can uniformly reflect light irradiated to the surface thereof in all directions, and the diffuse radiator means a radiation source whose radiation power is uniformly distributed in all directions. In one embodiment, the energy level of the reference target covers at least the dynamic range of lambertian ground reflection radiance at 5% -60% ground reflectivity of the optical remote sensor.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-orbit radiometric calibration system for an optical remote sensor according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 2, and referring to fig. 1 together, the reference target 10 in the present embodiment includes a plurality of targets with different energy levels, specifically includes a first energy level target 11, a second energy level target 12, a third energy level target 13, and a fourth energy level target 14, and the first energy level target 11, the second energy level target 12, the third energy level target 13, and the fourth energy level target 14 are sequentially arranged along the running track direction of the optical remote sensor.
The upward radiance of the reference target 10 refers to the radiance of the reference target in the direction of the optical remote sensor, which can be measured by a radiometer. The optical remote sensor receives and responds to the upward radiance of the reference target to generate corresponding image data, which may be an image gray value, or a statistical average of the image gray values, or the like.
The main execution of the method of the present embodiment will be described below.
The main execution body of the on-orbit radiation calibration method for the optical remote sensor provided by the embodiment is computer equipment, such as personal computers, notebook computers, smart phones, tablet computers, internet of things equipment, portable wearable equipment and the like, and the internet of things equipment can be intelligent sound boxes, intelligent televisions, intelligent air conditioners, intelligent vehicle-mounted equipment and the like. The portable wearable device may be a smart watch, smart bracelet, headset, or the like.
It should be noted that the description of the execution body in this embodiment is an optional example, and is not limited as long as the method shown in this example can be executed.
Step S220, solving an observation equation based on the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor; the observation equation is established according to the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere, the upward radiance of a reference target, the image data of an optical remote sensor, the radiance generated by atmospheric path radiation, the upward absorption gas transmittance, the atmospheric quality and the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere.
The image data generated by the optical remote sensor is related to the optical remote sensor entrance pupil spectral radiance, the optical remote sensor gain calibration factor, and the offset calibration factor, and in one embodiment, the relationship between the optical remote sensor entrance pupil spectral radiance and the optical remote sensor image data may be described with reference to the following expression:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,is->Equivalent radiance of the channel; />The spectral radiance of the entrance pupil of the optical remote sensor; />Is->A relative spectral response function of the channel; />Is->A statistical average of the channel image gray values; />Is->Gain scaling factor of channel,/->Is->Offset scaling factor for the channel.
The optical remote sensor entrance pupil spectral radiance is further related to the radiance produced by atmospheric path radiation, the upward radiance of the reference target, the atmospheric non-absorption band optical thickness, the upward absorption gas transmittance, the atmospheric mass, and the atmospheric upward diffuse transmittance, and in one embodiment, the optical remote sensor entrance pupil spectral radiance may be described with reference to the following expression:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,for the spectral radiance of the entrance pupil of the optical remote sensor, < + >>The radiance for atmospheric radiation;upward radiance as a reference target; />To absorb gas transmission rate upwards; / >Is the mass of the atmosphere; />The optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere; />Is the upward diffuse transmittance of the atmosphere.
Based on the method, an observation equation of the reference target can be established, and the gain calibration coefficient and the bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor can be solved through the observation equations of different reference targets.
In this embodiment, errors in the radiance generated by the atmospheric path radiation and the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere are fully considered, and correction is required in actual measurement, so in this embodiment, based on different upward radiances of the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, at least four observation equations can be established, and error images of the radiance generated by the different path radiation and the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere can be eliminated through the observation equations of the four energy level targets, thereby more accurately calculating the gain calibration coefficient and the bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor.
In one implementation, the image data of the optical remote sensor includes a statistical average of gray values of the reference target image for each channel of the optical remote sensor. Solving an observation equation based on the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor, wherein the steps are processed according to the following expression:
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,is->The corresponding atmospheric radiation of the channel produces the radiance; />Is->The atmospheric path radiation corresponding to the channel generates a radiance correction value which is an unknown quantity; />Is->Upward radiance of the first energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Upward radiance of the second energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Upward radiance of a third energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Upward radiance of a fourth energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Upward absorption gas transmittance corresponding to the channel; />Is the mass of the atmosphere; />Is->The non-absorption band atmospheric optical thickness corresponding to the channel; />Is->The upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere corresponding to the channel; />Is->The correction value of the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere corresponding to the channel is an unknown quantity; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the first energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the second energy level target images corresponding to the channels;is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the third energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the fourth energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->The gain scaling factor of the channel is an unknown quantity; / >Is->The offset scaling factor of the channel is an unknown quantity.
Based on the expression, the observation equations of the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target are established, the gain calibration coefficient and the bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor can be solved through the observation equations of the four energy level targets, and meanwhile, the correction value of the radiation brightness generated by the atmospheric radiation and the correction value of the diffusion transmittance in the atmospheric direction can be determined.
The method shown in the embodiment can realize the on-orbit radiation calibration of the external field of the optical remote sensor through a plurality of reference targets with different energy levels, can obtain the gain calibration coefficient and the offset calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor at the same time, can eliminate the influence of the radiation brightness generated by atmospheric path radiation and the diffusion transmittance error upwards of the atmosphere, improves the accuracy of the on-orbit radiation calibration of the external field of the optical remote sensor, has lower requirements on the calibration field, can improve the calibration efficiency of the external field and saves the calibration cost of the external field.
Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment, the method for calibrating the on-orbit radiation of the optical remote sensor further comprises the following steps:
step S310, acquiring atmospheric profile parameters when the optical remote sensor is overtopped;
In step S320, radiation transmission calculation is performed based on the atmospheric profile parameters, so as to determine the radiance, upward absorption gas transmittance, and upward atmospheric diffusion transmittance generated by atmospheric path radiation.
In this embodiment, the radiance, upward absorption gas transmittance and upward atmospheric diffusion transmittance generated by atmospheric radiation can be calculated according to the atmospheric profile parameters when the optical remote sensor is over-loaded, so as to ensure the real-time performance of the data. Where the atmospheric profile parameters are used to describe the physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere, the atmospheric profile parameters are typically given in a vertically distributed form, such as the variation of atmospheric temperature with altitude. The atmospheric profile parameters can be obtained through a meteorological observation site, satellite observation, a meteorological model and the like.
Radiation delivery calculations typically require the use of radiation delivery models. The radiation transport model is a mathematical model describing the propagation and interaction of radiation in the atmosphere. Common radiation delivery models include MODTRAN (Moderate resolution transmission) models, LBLRTM (Line-By-LineRadiative Transfer Model) models, and the like. The models are based on radiation transmission equations, and various parameters and changes in the transmission and interaction processes of radiation in the atmosphere can be calculated by taking the processes of atmospheric absorption, scattering, transmission and the like into consideration. The radiation transmission calculation is carried out based on the atmospheric profile parameters when the optical remote sensor is overturned, so that the radiance, the upward atmospheric diffuse transmittance and the upward absorption gas transmittance generated by atmospheric path radiation can be determined in real time.
In one embodiment, the atmospheric profile parameters may be measured by a test instrument. In one embodiment, the atmospheric profile parameters include atmospheric temperature profile data, humidity profile data, water vapor profile data, and pressure profile data.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts related to the embodiments described above are sequentially shown as indicated by arrows, these steps are not necessarily sequentially performed in the order indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the flowcharts described in the above embodiments may include a plurality of steps or a plurality of stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of the steps or stages is not necessarily performed sequentially, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least some of the other steps or stages.
The present application also provides an optical remote sensor in-orbit radiation targeting system, which in one embodiment, referring to fig. 2, comprises a reference target 10, a radiometer (not shown) and a computer device (not shown). The reference target 10 is disposed at the calibration site, and the reference target 10 includes a first energy level target 11, a second energy level target 12, a third energy level target 13, and a fourth energy level target 14, where the first energy level target 11, the second energy level target 12, the third energy level target 13, and the fourth energy level target 14 are sequentially disposed along the running track direction of the optical remote sensor.
The radiometer is arranged on the calibration field and is used for measuring the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere and the upward radiance of the reference target. The computer device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the on-orbit radiation calibration method of the optical remote sensor.
Wherein, the scaling field can select the area with wide periphery and flat topography. The distance between the reference targets should be suitable to meet the basic requirements of optical remote sensor calibration. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 2, the distance between the reference targets remains more than 5 pixels, where the pixels represent the optical remote sensor pixel resolution distance, i.e., the distance between the reference targets should be greater than 5 times the optical remote sensor pixel resolution distance.
The energy levels of the reference targets are different, and in one embodiment, any one of the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target, and the fourth energy level target may be a body of water. Since the reflectivity of the water body is close to 0, the upward radiance of the water body is close to 0.
In one embodiment, the on-orbit radiometric calibration system for optical remote sensors further comprises a first substrate arranged on the calibration site, wherein the first substrate is a light absorption substrate, and the reference target 10 is arranged on the first substrate, so that interference in calibration of the optical remote sensors can be reduced. In an alternative embodiment, the first substrate may employ a black base mesh.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a reference object in an embodiment of the present application, the reference object in the embodiment is a diffuse radiator, and the reference object includes a housing 410 and a light source assembly 420. Wherein, the casing 410 has a radiation exit port 401 communicating with its inner cavity, the inner cavity wall of the casing 410 is spherical, and the inner cavity wall is provided with a first diffuse reflection coating. The light source assembly 420 is disposed in the inner cavity of the housing 410.
The reference target in this embodiment is a diffuse radiator, which is an active radiation light source, and since the inner cavity wall of the housing 410 is spherical, and the inner cavity wall is provided with the first diffuse reflection coating, the light generated by the light source component 420 in the inner cavity of the housing 410 is reflected by the first diffuse reflection coating for multiple times to form uniform illuminance, so that the emergent radiance at the radiation exit 401 is basically not changed along with the observation angle, and the method can be applied to the calibration of the on-orbit radiation of the optical remote sensor.
In one embodiment, the light source assembly 420 includes a first light source and a second light source, the wavelength range of the first light source covering the wavelength range of the second light source, so that the second light source may enhance the radiance of a partial band of the first light source.
In one embodiment, the wavelength range of the first light source covers a wavelength band of 350 nm to 2500 nm, the wavelength range of the second light source covers a wavelength band of 350 nm to 500 nm, and the second light source can enhance the radiance of the first light source in the wavelength band of 350 nm to 500 nm.
The wave band from 350 nanometers to 500 nanometers belongs to a short wave part in visible light, and in the embodiment, the short wave part in the visible light is enhanced through the second light source, for example, when the reference object provided by the embodiment is used for external field calibration at night, the solar irradiation condition in the daytime is more easily simulated, and the calibration result is more accurate.
In one embodiment, the light source assembly 420 further includes a controller electrically connected to the first light source and the second light source for controlling the power of the first light source and the second light source to achieve the adjustment of the radiance.
In one embodiment, the first light source may be a halogen lamp light source, such as a quartz halogen lamp; the second light source may be an LED light source.
In one embodiment, still referring to fig. 4, the reference target further comprises a radiation member 430, the radiation member 430 being connected to the housing and covering the radiation exit opening.
In one embodiment, the length and width of the radiating surface formed by radiating element 430 are each greater than 5 times the optical remote sensor pixel resolution distance.
In one embodiment, the first diffuse reflection coating provided on the inner cavity wall of the housing 410 is any one or more of barium sulfate coating, polytetrafluoroethylene coating, and mixed coating of barium sulfate and polytetrafluoroethylene.
In one embodiment, housing 410 is a metal material that is capable of withstanding harsh field environments. In one embodiment, the housing 410 is cast iron, cast aluminum, or stainless steel.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a reference object according to another embodiment of the present application, in which the reference object includes a second substrate 51 and a second diffuse reflection coating 52 disposed on the second substrate 51.
In an embodiment, the reference object is a diffuse reflector, and the bi-directional reflectance distribution function BRDF of the diffuse reflector is substantially invariant with illumination or detection azimuth angle when illuminated or detected nearly vertically (e.g., the illumination or detection direction is at an angle less than 10 ° from the surface normal).
In one embodiment, the second substrate 51 is made of a soft elastic material, such as polyurethane, so as to better adapt to the ground condition of the calibration site and facilitate installation.
In one embodiment, the second diffuse reflective coating 52 is a polypropylene and carbon black hybrid coating. In one embodiment, second diffuse reflective coating 52 forms a reflective surface having a length and width that is greater than 5 times the optical remote sensor pixel resolution distance.
Based on the above-mentioned on-orbit radiation calibration method of the optical remote sensor, the application also provides an on-orbit radiation calibration device of the optical remote sensor, in one embodiment, the device comprises an acquisition module and a calculation module. The acquisition module is used for acquiring the optical thickness of the atmospheric non-absorption wave band when the optical remote sensor is overturned, the upward radiance of the reference target and the image data of the optical remote sensor, wherein the reference target comprises a first energy level target, a second energy level target, a third energy level target and a fourth energy level target, and the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target are sequentially distributed along the running track direction of the optical remote sensor. The calculation module is used for solving an observation equation based on the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor. The observation equation is established according to the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere, the upward radiance of a reference target, the image data of an optical remote sensor, the radiance generated by atmospheric path radiation, the upward absorption gas transmittance, the atmospheric quality and the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere.
For specific limitations of the on-orbit radiation calibration device of the optical remote sensor, reference may be made to the above limitation of the on-orbit radiation calibration method of the optical remote sensor, and no further description is given here. The modules in the above-mentioned optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration device can be realized in whole or in part by software, hardware and the combination thereof. The above modules may be embedded in hardware or may be independent of a processor in the computer device, or may be stored in software in a memory in the computer device, so that the processor may call and execute operations corresponding to the above modules. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the division of the modules is schematic, which is merely a logic function division, and other division manners may be implemented in actual implementation.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and the internal structure of which may be as shown in fig. 6. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input/output interface, a communication interface, a display unit, and an input means. The processor, the memory and the input/output interface are connected through a system bus, and the communication interface, the display unit and the input device are connected to the system bus through the input/output interface. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The input/output interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and the external device. The communication interface of the computer device is used for carrying out wired or wireless communication with an external terminal, and the wireless mode can be realized through WIFI, a mobile cellular network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement an optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration method. The display unit of the computer device is used for forming a visual picture, and can be a display screen, a projection device or a virtual reality imaging device. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer equipment can be a touch layer covered on the display screen, can also be a key, a track ball or a touch pad arranged on the shell of the computer equipment, and can also be an external keyboard, a touch pad or a mouse and the like.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in FIG. 6 is merely a block diagram of some of the structures associated with the present inventive arrangements and is not limiting of the computer device to which the present inventive arrangements may be applied, and that a particular computer device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine some of the components, or have a different arrangement of components.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the above-described optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration method embodiment when the computer program is executed.
In one embodiment, a computer readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration method embodiment.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory may include Read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high density embedded nonvolatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory, MRAM), ferroelectric memory (FerroelectricRandom Access Memory, FRAM), phase change memory (Phase Change Memory, PCM), graphene memory, and the like. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RandomAccess Memory, RAM) or external cache memory, and the like. By way of illustration, and not limitation, RAM can be in the form of a variety of forms, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DynamicRandom Access Memory, DRAM), and the like. The databases referred to in the embodiments provided herein may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database may include, but is not limited to, a blockchain-based distributed database, and the like. The processor referred to in the embodiments provided in the present application may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic unit, a data processing logic unit based on quantum computing, or the like, but is not limited thereto.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. An on-orbit radiation calibration method for an optical remote sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring the optical thickness of an atmospheric non-absorption wave band when the optical remote sensor is overturned, the upward radiance of a reference target and the image data of the optical remote sensor; the reference target comprises a first energy level target, a second energy level target, a third energy level target and a fourth energy level target, and the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target are sequentially distributed along the running track direction of the optical remote sensor;
Solving an observation equation based on the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor; the observation equation is established according to the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere, the upward radiance of the reference target, the image data of the optical remote sensor and the radiance generated by atmospheric path radiation, the upward absorption gas transmittance, the atmospheric quality and the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere;
the image data comprise a statistical average value of gray values of reference target images of all channels of the optical remote sensor; solving an observation equation based on the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor, wherein the steps are processed according to the following expression:
wherein (1)>Is->The corresponding atmospheric radiation of the channel produces the radiance; />Is->The atmospheric path radiation corresponding to the channel generates a radiance correction value which is an unknown quantity; />Is->Upward radiance of the first energy level target corresponding to the channel; / >Is->Upward radiance of the second energy level target corresponding to the channel;is->Upward radiance of a third energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Channel pairUpward radiance of the corresponding fourth energy level target; />Is->Upward absorption gas transmittance corresponding to the channel; />Is the mass of the atmosphere;is->The non-absorption band atmospheric optical thickness corresponding to the channel; />Is->The upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere corresponding to the channel; />Is->The correction value of the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere corresponding to the channel is an unknown quantity; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the first energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the second energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the third energy level target images corresponding to the channels;is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the fourth energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->The gain scaling factor of the channel is an unknown quantity; />Is->The offset scaling factor of the channel is an unknown quantity.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
acquiring an atmospheric profile parameter when the optical remote sensor is overtopped;
And carrying out radiation transmission calculation based on the atmospheric profile parameters, and determining the radiance, upward absorption gas transmittance and atmospheric upward diffusion transmittance generated by the atmospheric path radiation.
3. An optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration device, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the optical thickness of the atmospheric non-absorption wave band when the optical remote sensor is overturned, the upward radiance of the reference target and the image data of the optical remote sensor; the reference target comprises a first energy level target, a second energy level target, a third energy level target and a fourth energy level target, and the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target are sequentially distributed along the running track direction of the optical remote sensor;
a calculation module for solving an observation equation based on the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor; the observation equation is established according to the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere, the upward radiance of the reference target, the image data of the optical remote sensor and the radiance generated by atmospheric path radiation, the upward absorption gas transmittance, the atmospheric quality and the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere;
The image data comprise a statistical average value of gray values of reference target images of all channels of the optical remote sensor; solving an observation equation based on the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target, and determining a gain calibration coefficient and a bias calibration coefficient of the optical remote sensor, wherein the steps are processed according to the following expression:
wherein (1)>Is->The corresponding atmospheric radiation of the channel produces the radiance; />Is->The atmospheric path radiation corresponding to the channel generates a radiance correction value which is an unknown quantity; />Is->Upward radiance of the first energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Upward radiance of the second energy level target corresponding to the channel;is->Upward radiance of a third energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Upward radiance of a fourth energy level target corresponding to the channel; />Is->Channel correspondenceIs a upward absorption gas transmission rate; />Is the mass of the atmosphere;is->The non-absorption band atmospheric optical thickness corresponding to the channel; />Is->The upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere corresponding to the channel; />Is->The correction value of the upward diffusion transmittance of the atmosphere corresponding to the channel is an unknown quantity; / >Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the first energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the second energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the third energy level target images corresponding to the channels;is->A statistical average value of the gray values of the fourth energy level target images corresponding to the channels; />Is->The gain scaling factor of the channel is an unknown quantity; />Is->The offset scaling factor of the channel is an unknown quantity.
4. An optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration system, comprising:
the reference target is arranged on the calibration site and comprises a first energy level target, a second energy level target, a third energy level target and a fourth energy level target, and the first energy level target, the second energy level target, the third energy level target and the fourth energy level target are sequentially distributed along the running track direction of the optical remote sensor;
the radiometer is arranged on the calibration field and is used for measuring the optical thickness of the non-absorption wave band of the atmosphere and the upward radiance of the reference target;
computer device comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the method of claim 1 or 2 when the computer program is executed by the processor.
5. The optical remote sensor on-orbit radiometric calibration system of claim 4, further comprising a first substrate disposed on the calibration site, the first substrate being a light absorbing substrate, the reference target being disposed on the first substrate.
6. The optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the distance between the reference targets is greater than 5 times the optical remote sensor pixel resolution distance.
7. The optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation targeting system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the reference target comprises:
the shell is provided with a radiation outlet communicated with the inner cavity of the shell, the inner cavity wall of the shell is spherical, and the inner cavity wall is provided with a first diffuse reflection coating;
the light source assembly is arranged in the inner cavity of the shell.
8. The optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration system according to claim 7, wherein the reference target further comprises:
and the radiation piece is connected with the shell and covers the radiation emergent opening.
9. The optical remote sensor on-orbit radiation calibration system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the reference target comprises a second substrate and a second diffuse reflective coating disposed on the second substrate.
10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of claim 1 or 2 when executing the computer program.
11. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of claim 1 or 2.
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