CN108103348A - A kind of copper-based wear-resistant material available for high-speed train braking - Google Patents
A kind of copper-based wear-resistant material available for high-speed train braking Download PDFInfo
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- CN108103348A CN108103348A CN201611053854.1A CN201611053854A CN108103348A CN 108103348 A CN108103348 A CN 108103348A CN 201611053854 A CN201611053854 A CN 201611053854A CN 108103348 A CN108103348 A CN 108103348A
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- powder
- copper
- resistant material
- wear
- friction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of copper-based wear-resistant material available for high-speed train braking, it is characterised in that is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：Atomized copper powder 20 60, carbonyl iron dust 10 30, chromium powder 26, ferrochrome powder 5 15, aquadag 15 25, molybdenum disulfide 15, graphite 0.5 1.5, silica 12.In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of copper-based wear-resistant material available for high-speed train braking.The copper-based wear-resistant material selects plurality of raw materials and carries out rational proportion, its hardness, intensity, thermal conductivity, porosity is made to meet quality standard, and the wear-resistant material that final production comes out is made to have more stable, wear-resisting property.Meanwhile this method select fine granularity matrix powder, the wear-resistant material aperture that enables to of high briquetting pressure low frit pressure is small, porosity is high, abrasion are low, ensure that the stability of its abrasive resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wear-resistant material preparing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of copper needed available for high-speed train braking
Base wear-resistant material.
Background technology
Brake block for high-speed train more than China's Speed 200 km/h relies on import, 250 kilometers of speed per hour or more height substantially at present
Fast train brake piece all relies on import.Dependence imported product is not only with high costs, the order cycle time is long but also under one's control, must
The high performance brake piece import substitutes with independent intellectual property right must be developed as early as possible, fill up market in urgent need.
Powder metallurgy friction material, also known as sintered metal friction material are the addition frictions using metal and its alloy as matrix
Constituent element and lubricant component, the composite material made of PM technique, be slip clutch and brake key component.
In order to improve the friction factor of friction material and thermal stability, the friction additive in some materials has reached considerable ratio
Example, material almost becomes cermet, therefore these friction materials are sometimes referred to as ceramic friction material.Powder metallurgy
The advantages that friction material has enough intensity, and suitable and stable friction factor, stable working is reliable, and wear-resisting and pollution is few,
It is the material that application surface is most wide in modern friction material family, amount is maximum.
Copper has good thermal conductivity and self-lubricating property, and the copper base friction material formed using copper as main component exists
Stable frictional behaviour is respectively provided under dry, hygrometric state condition.The skeleton structure of composite material is formed with Copper substrate, it is various with specific
The particle of frictional behaviour is included in skeleton structure by " machinery ", and with the beginning of braking process, friction particles and matrix are simultaneously
It participates in friction process, friction surface film, and the frictional behaviour of leading material is formed under complicated physics and chemical action.
During high speed drag friction, the copper networks structure in matrix forms the passage of thermal diffusion, can be within the relatively short time
A large amount of frictional heats are dispersed into environment, heat localization is effectively prevented and is adversely affected caused by brake disc performance.But copper is certainly
The hardness and strength of body are relatively low, especially occur the attenuation of intensity at high temperature, limit copper-based material in high-speed overload condition
Under application.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of copper-based wear-resistant material available for high-speed train braking.
The copper-based wear-resistant material selects plurality of raw materials and carries out rational proportion, its hardness, intensity, thermal conductivity, porosity is made to meet quality
Standard makes the wear-resistant material that final production comes out have more stable, wear-resisting property.Meanwhile the fine granularity matrix that this method is selected
Wear-resistant material aperture that powder, high briquetting pressure-low frit pressure enable to is small, porosity is high, abrasion are low, ensure that it
The stability of abrasive resistance.
Copper-based wear-resistant material provided by the invention is made of the raw material of following weight fraction：
Atomized copper powder 20-60, carbonyl iron dust 10-30, chromium powder 2-6, ferrochrome powder 5-15, aquadag 15-25, molybdenum disulfide 1-5,
Graphite 0.5-1.5, silica 1-2.
Copper-based wear-resistant material preparation process provided by the invention is：
（1）The metal-powder in each formula is uniformly mixed on planetary ball mill first, rotating speed 300r/min, time 1h,
Ball-milling medium is that 8mm diameters do not lure steel ball, ratio of grinding media to material 1：1 carries out ball milling mixing.
（2）Mixed metal powder is mixed with graphite, curing pin, silicon dioxide powder in type batch mixer after ball milling, by powder
The 1% of gross mass adds in binding agent to ensure that material is uniformly mixed.Batch mixer rotating speed 70r/min, incorporation time 1h.It is mixed
Uniform copper base friction material powder.
（3）It will（1）With（2）In obtained powder cold-press moulding, dwell time 30s under 600MPa pressure.It obtains copper-based
Friction material biscuit.
（4）It will（3）In obtain biscuit and be placed in bell-jar hot-pressed sintering furnace, be sintered under 950 DEG C, 5MPa pressure,
The maximum temperature stage keeps the temperature 2h.After sintering process, sample furnace cooling.The full mistake of room temperature is down to from beginning to warm up furnace temperature
Journey is all passed through the protective atmosphere that nitrogen is mixed with hydrogen, and the ratio of the two is 4：1.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Copper-based wear-resistant material proposed by the invention overcomes existing copper-based wear-resistant material life
The defects of production technology, passes through the proportioning of atomized copper powder, carbonyl iron dust, chromium powder, ferrochrome powder, aquadag, molybdenum disulfide and graphite
Adjustment, you can the performance for the copper-based wear-resistant material that stability contorting final production comes out.It is mutually tied with dispersion-strengtherning using alloy strengthening
The composition design method of conjunction improves the obdurability of metallic matrix, ensures to lubricate under different braking speed using three lubricant component systems
The stability of film breaks through the heat fading of brake material and wet decline problem by organizational controls, so as to be directed to different row
The vehicle speed of service is adjusted correspondingly.Copper-based wear-resistant material proposed by the present invention has higher coefficient of friction and stablizes journey
Degree, wear-resisting property is good, and wear extent is low, service life is long, has extraordinary market value.
Specific embodiment
Case study on implementation 1：
It is as follows to prepare copper-based wear-resistant material raw material composition：Atomized copper powder 20-60, carbonyl iron dust 10-30, chromium powder 2-6, ferrochrome powder 5-
15th, aquadag 15-25, molybdenum disulfide 1-5, graphite 0.5-1.5, silica 1-2.First to the metal-powder in each formula
It is uniformly mixed on planetary ball mill, rotating speed 300r/min, time 1h, ball-milling medium does not lure steel ball, ball material for 8mm diameters
Than for 1：1 carries out ball milling mixing.Mixed metal powder is mixed with graphite, curing pin, silicon dioxide powder in type batch mixer after ball milling
It closes, adds in binding agent by the 1% of powder gross mass to ensure that material is uniformly mixed.Batch mixer rotating speed 70r/min, incorporation time 1h.
Obtain uniformly mixed copper base friction material powder.By powder under 600MPa pressure cold-press moulding, dwell time 30s.It obtains
Copper base friction material biscuit.Then biscuit is placed in bell-jar hot-pressed sintering furnace, is sintered under 950 DEG C, 5MPa pressure,
The maximum temperature stage keeps the temperature 2h.After sintering process, sample furnace cooling.The full mistake of room temperature is down to from beginning to warm up furnace temperature
Journey is all passed through the protective atmosphere that nitrogen is mixed with hydrogen, and the ratio of the two is 4：1.
Case study on implementation 2：
For sample after friction catch, sample surfaces generate multilayered structure：Outermost layer is thickness of uniformly continuous distribution or so
Oxide layer, interlayer is the fine and closely woven deformation layer of tissue, followed by metallic matrix.Due to enhancing the pinning effect of phase in matrix,
The grain graininess to come off during friction is tiny, and under the action of antithesis, these particles that come off are continuous with the matrix surface that newly exposes
The process that repetition is ground, comes off, rolling forms fine particle and the deformation layer for mixing, stacking composition is hooked with matrix, and harder
And the metallic matrix for possessing some strength has deformation layer extraordinary supporting role, can maintain the stabilization of deformation layer.Continuously
Equally distributed oxide layer and with uniform, fine and closely woven, graininess microstructure deformation layer can be in brake pad and antithesis surface
Between good speed modulability is provided, and finally ensure that the stability of coefficient of friction.Therefore the coefficient of friction variation of the sample
It is most stable of in all samples.
Case study on implementation 3：
In order to evaluate the comprehensive performance of material prepared, the mechanics, calorifics and physical property of similarity condition are done to import parts sample
Analysis.The density of self-control sample is slightly above import sample, and the porosity of the two is approximate, and with similar Brinell hardness and resistance to compression
Intensity.Illustrate that the mechanical property for making sample by oneself fullys meet the level of imported product.When the hot property of material brakes high speed
Coefficient of friction has a major impact with wear rate, and the friction material for high ferro braking should possess higher thermal conductivity.Room temperature condition
Under, the thermal diffusion coefficient for making sample by oneself is 7.848mm2/ s, slightly below import sample.It is detected at 700 DEG C, the heat of two kinds of samples
For diffusion coefficient than being reduced during room temperature, the thermal diffusion coefficient for making sample by oneself is 5.189mm2/ s, higher than import sample.Both comparisons
Specific heat capacity data, no matter test or tested at 400 DEG C at ambient temperature, the specific heat capacity for making sample by oneself is all slightly below
Import sample.Specific heat capacity of two samples in room temperature is less than specific heat capacity during high temperature.The thermal conductivity of sample is thermal diffusion coefficient, ratio
Thus thermal capacitance and the product of density three obtain the thermal conductivity of self-control sample and import parts.At ambient temperature, sample is made by oneself
Thermal conductivity is less than import parts, and under the conditions of 400 DEG C, then higher than import sample.From the point of view of actual service conditions, due to braking one
Starting, a large amount of frictional heats will be generated in frictional interface, the operating temperature of brake block is substantially all far above room temperature, therefore in height
The higher self-control sample of thermal conductivity can faster radiate under the conditions of temperature, and the temperature of frictional interface is made to be maintained at relatively low
Degree, to friction stability is maintained to have valuable help.
Case study on implementation 4：
The coefficient of friction and wear extent of comparison self-control sample and import sample.The coefficient of friction variation general trend phase of two samples
Together, the coefficient of friction of sample slightly rises when low speed is braked, and is then slightly reduced with the raising of retro-speed.Self-control sample exists
Coefficient of friction is 0.283 when retro-speed is 160km/h, and coefficient of friction is 0.285 during speed 250km/h.Subsequent speed by
250km/h is promoted to 320km/h, and coefficient of friction is decreased slightly as from 0.285 down to 0.280.It measures in gamut, the average friction of sample
Coefficient 0.282, the departure degree 0.003 of coefficient of friction and average friction coefficient under any retro-speed illustrate sample to braking
The variation of speed has hyposensitivity.In overall range, the coefficient of friction for making sample by oneself is higher than import sample.
Case study on implementation 5：
It is identical with the abrasion growth trend of import sample to make sample by oneself, in retro-speed less than 250km/h stages, the abrasion of sample
Almost linearly increase with the promotion of retro-speed.In retro-speed higher than after 250km/h, the speed of sample abrasion is closed than linear
The estimated abrasion growth of system is much faster, this imply that different phase of the retro-speed before and after 250km/h, there is different abrasions
Mechanism is dominating the friction and wear behavior of sample, and early period is mainly abrasive wear mode, and oxidative wear also occurs in the later stage.From sample preparation
The abrasion loss of product is low.
Case study on implementation 6：
By studying influence of each raw material composition and ratio to material mechanical performance and frictional behaviour, determine material system by being atomized
Copper, carbon-based iron, network, ferrochrome, aquadag, molybdenum disulfide, scale graphite, Delanium, silica composition.By various powders
Raw material uniformly mixes, the compression moulding under 600MPa pressure, is protected through 950 DEG C of temperature, pressure 500MPa, time 2h, mixed atmosphere
Shield sintering, obtain composite material Brinell hardness be 66.0HB, anti-intensity is 104.64MPa, 17.21W/m DEG C of room temperature thermal conductivity,
400 DEG C of thermal conductivities are 13.89W/m DEG C.Average friction coefficient in the range of 160-320km/h is 0.282, is rubbed under each speed
The difference of coefficient and average friction coefficient is no more than 0.003, wears away as 1.43g.Its properties reaches import sample condition,
And possess higher coefficient of friction and degree of stability, rub proofness is more preferable, can be used as copper-base powder metallurgy brake pad material.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of copper-based wear-resistant material available for high-speed train braking, it is characterised in that be made of the raw material of following parts by weight：
Atomized copper powder 20-60, carbonyl iron dust 10-30, chromium powder 2-6, ferrochrome powder 5-15, aquadag 15-25, molybdenum disulfide 1-5, graphite
0.5-1.5, silica 1-2.
2. it can be used for the copper-based wear-resistant material of high-speed train braking according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by detail below
Step is made：
（1）The metal-powder in each formula is uniformly mixed on planetary ball mill first, rotating speed 300r/min, time 1h,
Ball-milling medium is that 8mm diameters do not lure steel ball, ratio of grinding media to material 1：1 carries out ball milling mixing；
（2）Mixed metal powder is mixed with graphite, curing pin, silicon dioxide powder in type batch mixer after ball milling, by the total matter of powder
The 1% of amount adds in binding agent to ensure that material is uniformly mixed, batch mixer rotating speed 70r/min, incorporation time 1h.It is uniformly mixed
Copper base friction material powder；
（3）It will（1）With（2）In obtained powder cold-press moulding, dwell time 30s under 600MPa pressure obtain copper-based friction
Material biscuit；
（4）It will（3）In obtain biscuit and be placed in bell-jar hot-pressed sintering furnace, be sintered under 950 DEG C, 5MPa pressure, highest
Temperature stage keeps the temperature 2h, and after sintering process, sample furnace cooling is down to the overall process of room temperature from beginning to warm up furnace temperature all
The protective atmosphere that nitrogen is mixed with hydrogen is passed through, the ratio of the two is 4：1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611053854.1A CN108103348A (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2016-11-25 | A kind of copper-based wear-resistant material available for high-speed train braking |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611053854.1A CN108103348A (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2016-11-25 | A kind of copper-based wear-resistant material available for high-speed train braking |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108103348A true CN108103348A (en) | 2018-06-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611053854.1A Pending CN108103348A (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2016-11-25 | A kind of copper-based wear-resistant material available for high-speed train braking |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109023170A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-18 | 佛山朝鸿新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of powder metallurgy friction material |
| CN109385586A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-26 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of powder metallurgy friction material and friction block |
| CN109469697A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-15 | 北京科技大学 | The copper-based brake pad of bullet train fiber reinforcement and preparation and friction catch performance |
| CN117604306A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-02-27 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Zirconium carbide reinforced copper-based braking material and preparation method thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-11-25 CN CN201611053854.1A patent/CN108103348A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109023170A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-18 | 佛山朝鸿新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of powder metallurgy friction material |
| CN109385586A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-26 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of powder metallurgy friction material and friction block |
| CN109385586B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-07-10 | 北京科技大学 | Powder metallurgy friction material and preparation method of friction block |
| CN109469697A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-15 | 北京科技大学 | The copper-based brake pad of bullet train fiber reinforcement and preparation and friction catch performance |
| US11852209B2 (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2023-12-26 | University Of Science And Technology Beijing | Fiber-reinforced copper-based brake pad for high-speed railway train, and preparation and friction braking performance thereof |
| CN117604306A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-02-27 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Zirconium carbide reinforced copper-based braking material and preparation method thereof |
| CN117604306B (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-04-02 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Zirconium carbide reinforced copper-based braking material and preparation method thereof |
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