CN108098154B - Controllable depth laser material reduction manufacturing method under action of ampere force - Google Patents
Controllable depth laser material reduction manufacturing method under action of ampere force Download PDFInfo
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- CN108098154B CN108098154B CN201711245972.7A CN201711245972A CN108098154B CN 108098154 B CN108098154 B CN 108098154B CN 201711245972 A CN201711245972 A CN 201711245972A CN 108098154 B CN108098154 B CN 108098154B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
- B23K26/364—Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0626—Energy control of the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
A method for manufacturing a controllable depth laser reducing material under the action of ampere force comprises the following steps: (1) preprocessing a workpiece to be reduced; (2) respectively arranging two electrodes at two ends of a region to be grooved, and respectively arranging two magnetic poles of a magnet at two sides of the region to be grooved; (3) introducing direct current between the two electrodes; the two magnetic poles form a magnetic field in the area to be grooved, and the direction of current and the direction of the magnetic field are controlled to ensure that the direction of ampere force generated by the electric field and the magnetic field is opposite to the direction of gravity of the workpiece to be reduced; (4) starting a laser, and simultaneously spraying shielding gas from top to bottom to the slotting region from two sides of the to-be-slotted region along the x-axis direction in an inclined manner, wherein molten metal is separated from a molten pool under the action of ampere force and is discharged from two sides of the to-be-slotted region along the x-axis direction under the impact action of the shielding gas, and a groove is formed; (5) stopping the action of the laser, the electric field and the magnetic field, and cleaning the overflowing metal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a depth-controllable laser material reducing material under the action of ampere force.
Background
The laser material reducing manufacture method is a laser manufacture technology corresponding to laser material increasing manufacture, and particularly utilizes the high energy density characteristic of laser to instantly melt or vaporize a material so as to finish the material reducing manufacture processes such as cutting, punching, carving and the like.
For the traditional laser material reducing manufacturing process such as cutting or punching, the material (generally, a plate) needs to be completely melted or vaporized in the thickness direction, and the material is removed under the pressure action of the auxiliary gas, so that the situation of incomplete penetration material reducing manufacturing such as grooving or blind hole processing cannot be met. Therefore, the traditional material reducing mode of cutter machining is still adopted for grooving or blind hole machining at present. Although the machining precision is high, the machining efficiency is low, and the cutter is worn and needs to be replaced continuously.
The traditional electromagnetic field assisted laser manufacturing technology generally utilizes the stirring effect, the molten pool stabilizing effect or the change of plasma above the molten pool to realize the regulation and control of the laser manufacturing process, is commonly used in the links of laser welding, laser cladding, laser additive manufacturing and the like, and does not adopt a laser controllable material reduction technology under the auxiliary condition of an external energy field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a manufacturing method of a depth-controllable laser material reduction material under the action of ampere force.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:
a method for manufacturing a controllable depth laser reducing material under the action of ampere force comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of a workpiece to be reduced made of a metal material, and horizontally fixing the workpiece to be reduced on a workbench;
(2) arranging a laser above a workpiece to be subjected to material reduction, scanning a laser beam emitted by the laser in a region to be grooved of the workpiece to be subjected to material reduction to form a required groove, and defining the moving direction of the laser beam on the workpiece to be subjected to material reduction as the x-axis direction; arranging two electrodes at two ends of a region to be grooved respectively, wherein a connecting line between the two electrodes is parallel to the x-axis direction, so that the current direction is parallel to the x-axis direction; two magnetic poles of the magnet are respectively arranged at two sides of the region to be grooved, and a connecting line between the two magnetic poles is vertical to the x-axis direction, so that the magnetic field direction is vertical to the x-axis direction;
(3) introducing direct current between the two electrodes, wherein the two electrodes form an electric field in the region to be grooved, and the direction and the size of the electric field can be adjusted; the two magnetic poles form a magnetic field in the region to be grooved, and the direction and the size of the magnetic field can be adjusted; controlling the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field according to the left-hand rule so as to ensure that the direction of the ampere force generated by the electric field and the magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the gravity of the workpiece to be reduced;
(4) starting a laser, and simultaneously spraying shielding gas from top to bottom to the slotting region from two sides of the to-be-slotted region along the x-axis direction in an inclined manner, wherein a laser beam scans the to-be-slotted region of the to-be-reduced workpiece along the x-axis direction according to a preset track; controlling the size and shape of the laser spot to adjust the width and shape of the groove; controlling the laser power and the laser scanning speed to adjust the depth of the groove;
the scanning area of the laser beam forms a liquid molten pool, the section profile of the groove is determined by the cross section shape of the liquid molten pool, and the cross section shape of the groove can be adjusted by controlling the energy density distribution of the laser beam;
the molten metal in the liquid molten pool is simultaneously subjected to the action of the ampere force, the action of gravity and the impact action of protective gas, and the direction of the ampere force is opposite to the direction of the gravity of the molten metal; controlling the magnitude of the current and the magnitude of the magnetic field to ensure that the metal is subjected to an ampere force greater than the gravity of the molten metal itself; then, the molten metal is separated from the molten pool under the action of ampere force and is discharged towards two sides along the x-axis direction under the impact action of protective gas, and a groove is formed;
(5) stopping the action of the laser, the electric field and the magnetic field, cleaning the metal discharged to the two sides of the groove, and finishing the material reducing manufacturing process.
Further, the magnitude of the current is 1000A-2000A.
Further, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field is 1.5T-2.5T.
Further, the laser power is 1kW to 6kW, the spot size of the laser beam is 1mm to 20mm, and the scanning speed of the laser beam is 2mm/s to 400 mm/s.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method is non-contact processing, and does not need to use a cutter, namely, the problem of cutter abrasion is solved;
(2) the laser can instantly melt the surface of the material and form a molten pool, so that the material reduction efficiency of the invention is extremely high;
(3) the shape and depth of the formed groove can be flexibly adjusted according to the shape and depth of the molten pool, and various requirements are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the groove surface topography of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a groove in example 1;
FIG. 3 is the groove surface topography of example 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a groove in example 2;
FIG. 5 is the groove surface topography of example 3;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a groove in example 3.
Fig. 2, 4 and 6 all carry a length scale marked 500 μm.
Detailed Description
Referring to the attached drawings, the method for manufacturing the depth-controllable laser material reducing material under the action of ampere force comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of a workpiece to be reduced made of a metal material, and horizontally fixing the workpiece to be reduced on a workbench;
(2) arranging a laser above a workpiece to be subjected to material reduction, scanning a laser beam emitted by the laser in a region to be grooved of the workpiece to be subjected to material reduction to form a required groove, and defining the moving direction of the laser beam on the workpiece to be subjected to material reduction as the x-axis direction; arranging two electrodes at two ends of a region to be grooved respectively, wherein a connecting line between the two electrodes is parallel to the x-axis direction, so that the current direction is parallel to the x-axis direction; two magnetic poles of the magnet are respectively arranged at two sides of the region to be grooved, and a connecting line between the two magnetic poles is vertical to the x-axis direction, so that the magnetic field direction is vertical to the x-axis direction;
(3) introducing direct current between the two electrodes, wherein the two electrodes form an electric field in the region to be grooved, and the direction and the size of the electric field can be adjusted; the two magnetic poles form a magnetic field in the region to be grooved, and the direction and the size of the magnetic field can be adjusted; controlling the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field according to the left-hand rule so as to ensure that the direction of the ampere force generated by the electric field and the magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the gravity of the workpiece to be reduced;
(4) starting a laser, and simultaneously spraying shielding gas from top to bottom to the slotting region from two sides of the to-be-slotted region along the x-axis direction in an inclined manner, wherein a laser beam scans the to-be-slotted region of the to-be-reduced workpiece along the x-axis direction according to a preset track; controlling the size and shape of the laser spot to adjust the width and shape of the groove; controlling the laser power and the laser scanning speed to adjust the depth of the groove;
the scanning area of the laser beam forms a liquid molten pool, the section profile of the groove is determined by the cross section shape of the liquid molten pool, and the cross section shape of the groove can be adjusted by controlling the energy density distribution of the laser beam;
the molten metal in the liquid molten pool is simultaneously subjected to the action of the ampere force, the action of gravity and the impact action of protective gas, and the direction of the ampere force is opposite to the direction of the gravity of the molten metal; controlling the magnitude of the current and the magnitude of the magnetic field to ensure that the metal is subjected to an ampere force greater than the gravity of the molten metal itself; then, the molten metal is separated from the molten pool under the action of ampere force and is discharged towards two sides along the x-axis direction under the impact action of protective gas, and a groove is formed;
(5) stopping the action of the laser, the electric field and the magnetic field, cleaning the metal discharged to the two sides of the groove, and finishing the material reducing manufacturing process.
The current is 1000-2000A.
The magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field is 1.5T-2.5T.
The laser power is 1 kW-6 kW, the spot size of the laser beam is 1 mm-20 mm, and the scanning speed of the laser beam is 2 mm/s-400 mm/s.
Example 1
The laser material reduction object is 316L stainless steel, and is machined into a workpiece to be reduced with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 10 mm.
(1) And (3) carrying out pretreatment such as polishing, cleaning, drying and the like on the surface of the workpiece to be reduced, and horizontally placing the workpiece on a workbench.
(2) Arranging electrodes at two ends of the region to be grooved along the x-axis direction, and arranging magnetic poles at two sides of the region to be grooved along the x-axis direction;
(3) and (3) introducing direct current into two ends of the electrode, wherein the current is 1000A, and adjusting the steady-state magnetic field intensity to 1.5T.
(4) And starting a laser to scan a laser beam along the region to be grooved according to a preset track, so that the scanning region forms a liquid molten pool with a certain shape. The laser power is 2kW, the spot size is 4mm, and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s.
Under the condition of the process parameters, the grooves formed on the surface scanned by the laser are not continuous, which indicates that the ampere force is in a critical state (namely, the ampere force is slightly larger than the gravity force applied to the molten pool fluid). Through measurement, the cross section of the groove of the laser material reducing is U-shaped, the molten metal fluid in the groove overflows, the depth of the groove is 1.4mm, and the material reducing manufacturing result is shown in figures 1 and 2.
Example 2
The laser material reduction object is 316L stainless steel, and is machined into a workpiece to be reduced with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 10 mm.
(1) And (3) carrying out pretreatment such as polishing, cleaning, drying and the like on the surface of the workpiece to be reduced, and horizontally placing the workpiece on a workbench.
(2) Arranging electrodes at two ends of the region to be grooved along the x-axis direction, and arranging magnetic poles at two sides of the region to be grooved along the x-axis direction;
(3) and (3) introducing direct current into two ends of the electrode, wherein the current is 2000A, and the steady-state magnetic field intensity is adjusted to 2.5T.
(4) And starting a laser to scan a laser beam along the region to be grooved according to a preset track, so that the scanning region forms a liquid molten pool with a certain shape. The laser power is 2kW, the spot size is 4mm, and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s.
Under the condition that the laser process parameters are not changed, the magnetic field and the current intensity are improved, the ampere value is improved, the grooves formed by laser material reduction are continuous, the overflow of all molten liquid in a molten pool can be realized, the depth of each groove is 2.6mm, and the material reduction manufacturing results are shown in figures 3 and 4.
Example 3
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 2 in that: the laser power in the step (4) is 6 kW.
Due to the increase of the laser power, the depth of a molten pool is increased, the depth of a formed groove is also increased to 3.5mm, and the shape of the groove formed by laser material reduction is shown in figures 3 and 4.
The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments but includes equivalent technical means as would be recognized by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.
Claims (4)
1. A method for manufacturing a depth-controllable laser material reduction material under the action of ampere force is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of a workpiece to be reduced made of a metal material, and horizontally fixing the workpiece to be reduced on a workbench;
(2) arranging a laser above a workpiece to be subjected to material reduction, scanning a laser beam emitted by the laser in a region to be grooved of the workpiece to be subjected to material reduction to form a required groove, and defining the moving direction of the laser beam on the workpiece to be subjected to material reduction as the x-axis direction; arranging two electrodes at two ends of a region to be grooved respectively, wherein a connecting line between the two electrodes is parallel to the x-axis direction, so that the current direction is parallel to the x-axis direction; two magnetic poles of the magnet are respectively arranged at two sides of the region to be grooved, and a connecting line between the two magnetic poles is vertical to the x-axis direction, so that the magnetic field direction is vertical to the x-axis direction;
(3) introducing direct current between the two electrodes, wherein the two electrodes form an electric field in the region to be grooved, and the direction and the size of the electric field can be adjusted; the two magnetic poles form a magnetic field in the region to be grooved, and the direction and the size of the magnetic field can be adjusted; controlling the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field according to the left-hand rule so as to ensure that the direction of the ampere force generated by the electric field and the magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the gravity of the workpiece to be reduced;
(4) starting a laser, and simultaneously spraying shielding gas from top to bottom to the slotting region from two sides of the to-be-slotted region along the x-axis direction in an inclined manner, wherein a laser beam scans the to-be-slotted region of the to-be-reduced workpiece along the x-axis direction according to a preset track; controlling the size and shape of the laser spot to adjust the width and shape of the groove; controlling the laser power and the laser scanning speed to adjust the depth of the groove;
the scanning area of the laser beam forms a liquid molten pool, the section profile of the groove is determined by the cross section shape of the liquid molten pool, and the cross section shape of the groove can be adjusted by controlling the energy density distribution of the laser beam;
the molten metal in the liquid molten pool is simultaneously subjected to the action of the ampere force, the action of gravity and the impact action of protective gas, and the direction of the ampere force is opposite to the direction of the gravity of the molten metal; controlling the magnitude of the current and the magnitude of the magnetic field to ensure that the metal is subjected to an ampere force greater than the gravity of the molten metal itself; then, the molten metal is separated from the molten pool under the action of ampere force and is discharged towards two sides along the x-axis direction under the impact action of protective gas, and a groove is formed;
(5) stopping the action of the laser, the electric field and the magnetic field, cleaning the metal discharged to the two sides of the groove, and finishing the material reducing manufacturing process.
2. The method for manufacturing the depth-controllable laser subtractive material under the action of the ampere force according to claim 1, characterized in that: the current is 1000-2000A.
3. The method for manufacturing the depth-controllable laser material reduction material under the action of the ampere force as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field is 1.5T-2.5T.
4. The method for manufacturing the depth-controllable laser reducing material under the action of the ampere force as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the laser power is 1 kW-6 kW, the spot size of the laser beam is 1 mm-20 mm, and the scanning speed of the laser beam is 2 mm/s-400 mm/s.
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| CN108098154B true CN108098154B (en) | 2019-12-24 |
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| CN110181051B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-11-13 | 浙江工业大学 | Laser remanufacturing narrow gap filling method under action of directional Lorentz force |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103753028A (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2014-04-30 | 温州大学 | Laser boring method and device assisted by electric field and magnetic field coupling |
| CN104195541A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-12-10 | 浙江工业大学 | Electric-magnetic compound field synergy laser-cladding method and device |
| CN205852073U (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2017-01-04 | 雷科股份有限公司 | Electromagnetic field auxiliary laser borehole drill construction |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103753028A (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2014-04-30 | 温州大学 | Laser boring method and device assisted by electric field and magnetic field coupling |
| CN104195541A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-12-10 | 浙江工业大学 | Electric-magnetic compound field synergy laser-cladding method and device |
| CN205852073U (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2017-01-04 | 雷科股份有限公司 | Electromagnetic field auxiliary laser borehole drill construction |
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