CN108089221B - Reference device and method capable of stably regulating and controlling radon exhalation rate - Google Patents
Reference device and method capable of stably regulating and controlling radon exhalation rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A reference device and a method capable of stably regulating and controlling radon exhalation rate are disclosed, the reference device comprises a horizontal table, a gas flow type radon source, an air pump and an adjusting chamber are arranged outside the horizontal table, the gas flow type radon source is arranged between the air pump and the adjusting chamber, the gas outlet end of the gas flow type radon source is connected with the gas inlet end of the air pump, the gas inlet end of the gas flow type radon source is connected with the gas outlet end of the adjusting chamber, a radon exhalation outlet and a radon reflux port are formed in the top of the horizontal table, when the radon collection chamber is buckled on the top end face of the horizontal table, the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux port can be covered by the radon collection chamber, the gas outlet end of the air pump is connected with the radon exhalation port, the gas inlet end of the adjusting chamber is connected with the radon reflux port, and regulation and control of the radon exhalation. The reference device regulates and controls the radon exhalation rate by changing the volume of the inner cavity of the adjusting chamber, a large number of standard radon sources with different source strengths do not need to be purchased, the structure is simple, the calculation process is simpler, and the early-stage purchase cost and the later-stage management and maintenance cost are lower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear radiation detection, in particular to a reference device and a method capable of stably regulating and controlling radon exhalation rate.
Background
The accuracy and the reliability of the radon measuring instrument are tested, and a radon exhalation rate standard device which is not influenced by the temperature, the humidity and the air pressure change of the environment is required. All radon measuring instruments need to be calibrated by a standard device before use, and the radon measuring instruments need to be calibrated regularly by the standard device in daily use.
The chinese patent No. 201310483616.4 discloses a method and a device for arbitrarily adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant, which are used for checking the accuracy and reliability of a radon measuring instrument and have substantially the same function as a standard device (the specific structure of the existing standard device is shown in fig. 11 in the specification of the patent, since the structure and parameters of the standard device have strict regulations, in order to facilitate description and avoid confusion, in the description of the present invention, all devices which are different from the existing standard device in structure but can also be used for checking the accuracy and reliability of the radon measuring instrument are collectively referred to as a reference device).
In addition, the Chinese patent application with the application number of '201610275521.7' discloses a standard device and a method for actively and arbitrarily adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant. For convenience of description, the device in patent "201310483616.4" will be referred to simply as reference device 1, and the device in patent "201610275521.7" will be referred to simply as reference device 2.
Although the reference device 1 and the reference device 2 can detect the accuracy and reliability of the emanometer, the reference device and the reference device have the following defects in practical application: 1. the reference device 1 and the reference device 2 both adjust the radon exhalation rate by replacing a solid radon source (standard radon source) with different source strengths, but the standard radon source is high in price and expensive in purchase cost. If the radon exhalation rate needs to be adjusted in a larger range, a plurality of standard radon sources with different source strengths are needed, and a large amount of labor and material cost is needed for the storage, management and maintenance work of the standard radon sources with different source strengths in the later period. 2. In general, under the condition that the radon precipitation value is constant, the reference device 1 and the reference device 2 both adjust the radon concentration by adjusting the effective decay constant lambdae (the effective decay constant is the sum of the decay constant, the leakage constant and the back diffusion constant of radon), the structure of the whole device is complex, and the calculation process is complex. 3. Due to the existence of leakage (the reference device 1 and the reference device 2 mainly adjust the leakage constant to change the effective decay constant value), the process of adjusting the radon concentration in the radon collection chamber by the reference device 1 and the reference device 2 is time consuming and long, and the efficiency of scaling the radon measuring instrument is also required to be improved. 4. In the above-mentioned reference devices 1 and 2, although the radon collection chamber is buckled on the panel, the patentee considers that there is no leakage between the two, when the radon collection chamber and the panel are actually processed, the two cannot be completely sealed in a pure plane due to the limitation of processing precision, that is, there is a slight gap between the two, so that leakage is formed, and further, the test result is deviated.
Disclosure of Invention
The reference device can regulate and control the radon exhalation rate by changing the volume of the inner cavity of the regulating chamber, does not need to purchase a large number of standard radon sources with different source strengths, and has the advantages of simple structure, simpler calculation process, and lower early-stage purchase cost and later-stage management and maintenance cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a can stably regulate and control reference device of radon exhalation rate, includes the horizontal stand be equipped with stream gas formula radon source, air pump and surge chamber outside the horizontal stand, stream gas formula radon source is located between air pump and the surge chamber, the end of giving vent to anger of stream gas formula radon source links to each other with the inlet end of air pump, the inlet end of stream gas formula radon source links to each other with the exhaust end of surge chamber, the top of horizontal stand is equipped with radon exhalation export and radon backward flow mouth, will collect the radon room and detain in when on the top face of horizontal stand, radon exhalation export and radon backward flow mouth can be covered by collection radon room, the end of giving vent to anger of air pump is connected with radon exhalation mouth, the inlet end of surge chamber is connected with radon backward flow mouth, through changing the regulation and control of radon exhalation is realized to the chamber volume size of surge chamber.
In one embodiment of the invention, the reference device comprises a plurality of regulating chambers, the volume size of each regulating chamber is different, and radon exhalation rate regulation is realized by replacing different regulating chambers.
In another embodiment of the invention, a movable adjusting plate is arranged in the chamber of the adjusting chamber, the adjusting plate is connected with a driving mechanism capable of driving the adjusting plate to move back and forth, the outer edge of the adjusting plate abuts against the chamber wall of the adjusting chamber and forms a seal, and the driving mechanism drives the adjusting plate to move so as to change the effective volume of the chamber, thereby realizing radon exhalation rate adjustment.
As a preferable structure, a circle of convex edge is arranged on the top end surface of the horizontal platform, the horizontal platform is further connected with a plurality of supporting legs, the supporting heights of the supporting legs on the horizontal platform are adjustable, a horizontal ruler used for determining whether the top end surface of the horizontal platform is in a horizontal position is further arranged on the horizontal platform, and the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux port are located in an area surrounded by the convex edge and protrude out of the top end surface of the horizontal platform.
Furthermore, the reference device related to the invention also comprises a quantitative liquid charger for quantitatively filling water into the area surrounded by the convex edge on the top of the horizontal platform.
In the above embodiment, the gas outlet end of the gas flow type radon source is connected to the gas inlet end of the gas pump, and the gas inlet end of the gas flow type radon source is connected to the gas outlet end of the regulating chamber through gas guide pipes, and the gas outlet end of the gas pump is connected to the radon precipitation port, and the gas inlet end of the regulating chamber is connected to the radon return port through gas guide pipes.
Based on the same technical concept as the reference device, the invention also provides a method for stably regulating and controlling the exhalation rate of radon, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, a radon collection chamber is buckled on a horizontal table, the top of the horizontal table is provided with a radon exhalation outlet and a radon reflux port, the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux port are ensured to be positioned in an area covered by the radon collection chamber, an air pump, an adjusting chamber and a flowing gas type radon source which is subjected to emptying treatment are arranged outside the area covered by the radon collection chamber, an exhaust end of the adjusting chamber is connected with an air inlet end of the flowing gas type radon source through a pipeline, an air outlet end of the flowing gas type radon source is connected with an air inlet end of the air pump through a pipeline, an air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the radon exhalation port through a pipeline, and the radon reflux port is connected with an air inlet end of the adjusting chamber through a pipeline;
and step two, in the measurement process, the volume of the chamber of the regulating chamber is changed to regulate and control the radon exhalation rate.
Preferably, in the second step, the radon exhalation rate is regulated by replacing the regulating chambers with different volume sizes.
Also preferably, a movable regulating plate is arranged in the chamber of the regulating chamber in the step one, and the outer edge of the regulating plate is abutted against the chamber wall of the regulating chamber and forms a seal; in the second step, the adjusting plate is driven to move to change the effective volume of the chamber, so that the radon exhalation rate is adjusted and controlled.
More preferably, a circle of convex edge is further arranged on the top end face of the horizontal platform in the first step, the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux port are ensured to be located in an area surrounded by the convex edge and protrude above the top end face of the horizontal platform, the top end face of the horizontal platform is adjusted to be horizontal, water is injected into the area surrounded by the convex edge, a seal is formed at a contact position of the radon collection chamber and the top end face of the horizontal platform through water, and then the second step is carried out.
When the reference device provided by the invention is used for calibrating a radon measuring instrument, a radon exhalation outlet and a radon reflux inlet are covered in a radon collection chamber, and the change of the radon concentration in the radon collection chamber can be represented by the following formulas (1) and (2):
in formulae (1) and (2): c is the radon concentration in the radon collection chamber; pRnThe generation rate of the gas flow type radon source; v is the volume of the inner cavity of the radon collecting chamber;
to adjust the volume of the chamber; j is the radon exhalation rate; s is the bottom area of an inner cavity of the radon collection chamber; lambda is the decay constant of radon; r is the leakage and back-diffusion constants; and t is radon collecting time.
Obtained by the following formula (1) and formula (2):
obtained by the formula (3):
as shown in the formula (4), the present invention is realized by changing the volume of the regulating chamber
The radon exhalation rate value of the reference device can be adjusted.
Compared with the scheme that the radon exhalation rate is regulated and controlled by replacing different source strength standard radon sources in the background technology, the radon exhalation rate regulating device provided by the invention changes the volume of the regulating chamber
The radon precipitation value of the reference device can be regulated and controlled, the overall structure of the reference device and the calculation process of the radon precipitation value are simpler than those of the background technology, and more importantly, the reference device is lower than the background technology in terms of the early purchase cost and the later management and maintenance cost because a large number of standard radon sources with different source strengths are not required.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a reference device according to the present invention when a radon collecting chamber is fastened to a horizontal stand;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the horizontal stage according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a horizontal table according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the improvements of the present invention over the prior art for those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a reference device capable of stably regulating and controlling radon exhalation rate comprises a horizontal platform, a gas-flowing type radon source, an air pump and an adjusting chamber, the gas-flowing type radon source is arranged between the air pump and the adjusting chamber, an air outlet end of the gas-flowing type radon source is connected with an air inlet end of the air pump, an air inlet end of the gas-flowing type radon source is connected with an air outlet end of the adjusting chamber, and a radon exhalation outlet and a radon reflux port are arranged on the top of the horizontal platform, as shown in fig. 1, when a radon collecting chamber (it should be noted that the radon collecting chamber in fig. 1 is not part of the reference device in the embodiment) is buckled on the top end surface of the horizontal platform, for the convenience of technical personnel in the field, although the radon collecting chamber is shown in fig. 1, the reference device in the embodiment does not comprise the radon collecting chamber, and the radon collecting chamber is actually part of the radon measuring instrument, the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux port can be covered by, the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the radon precipitation port, the air inlet end of the adjusting chamber is connected with the radon return port, at the moment, as shown in the arrow direction in figure 1, a closed circulation loop is formed among the air flowing type radon source, the air pump, the radon precipitation outlet, the radon return port and the adjusting chamber, and regulation and control of the radon precipitation rate can be realized by changing the volume of the chamber of the adjusting chamber (during actual application, air is firstly used for emptying the air flowing type radon source).
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, when the reference device is used to scale the radon measuring instrument, the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux inlet are covered in the radon collection chamber, and the change of radon concentration in the radon collection chamber can be represented by the following formulas (1) and (2):
in formulae (1) and (2): c is the radon concentration in the radon collection chamber; pRnThe generation rate of the gas flow type radon source; v is the volume of the inner cavity of the radon collecting chamber;
to adjust the volume of the chamber; j is the radon exhalation rate; s is the bottom area of an inner cavity of the radon collection chamber; lambda is the decay constant of radon; r is the leakage and back-diffusion constants; and t is radon collecting time.
Obtained by the following formula (1) and formula (2):
obtained by the formula (3):
as can be seen from equation (4), the reference device provided in the above embodiment is obtained by changing the volume of the inner cavity of the adjustment chamber
The value of the radon exhalation rate can be adjusted.
As can be seen from fig. 1-3 and equation (4), the overall structure of the reference device and the calculation process of the radon precipitation value are simpler than those of the prior art, and in addition, the reference device provided by the above embodiment is lower in the early purchase cost and the later management and maintenance cost than those of the prior art because a large number of standard radon sources with different source strengths are not needed.
It should be noted that, the way of changing the size of the inner cavity of the regulating chamber is various, for example, in practical application, the reference device may include a plurality of regulating chambers, the size of the inner cavity of each regulating chamber is different, and the radon exhalation rate can be controlled by replacing different regulating chambers.
Or, as shown in fig. 1, a movable regulating plate is arranged in the chamber of the regulating chamber, the regulating plate is connected with a driving mechanism capable of driving the regulating plate to move back and forth, the outer edge of the regulating plate abuts against the chamber wall of the regulating chamber and forms a seal, and the effective volume of the inner chamber of the regulating chamber (the effective volume refers to the volume of the chamber communicated with the radon return port and the exhaust end of the regulating chamber, namely the volume of the chamber connected into the circulation loop) can be changed by driving the regulating plate to move through the driving mechanism, so that the regulation of the radon exhalation rate is realized.
As a preferable structure, as shown in fig. 3, a circle of convex edge is arranged on the top end surface of the horizontal platform, the horizontal platform is further connected with a plurality of support legs, the support heights of the support legs to the horizontal platform are adjustable, a level ruler for determining whether the top end surface is in a horizontal position is further arranged on the horizontal platform, and the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux port are positioned in an area surrounded by the convex edge and protrude above the top end surface of the horizontal platform. During actual application, the top end face of the horizontal table is adjusted to be horizontal by adjusting the supporting height of the supporting legs to the horizontal table, then water is injected into the area surrounded by the convex edge, and sealing is formed at the contact position of the radon collecting chamber and the top end face of the horizontal table through water. In an embodiment of this preferred structure, the radon concentration in the radon collection chamber is integrated by formula (1):
because decay constant lambda of radon is very small, in the radon collection process, the contact part of the radon collection chamber and the top end face of the horizontal table forms strong seal by water injection, leakage and back diffusion constant R of the radon collection chamber can be ignored, and the radon in the radon collection chamber is 0 in the initial state, then formula (5) can be changed into:
adopt the water seal structure, the degree of depth of water is h, then equation (4) can be converted into:
equation (6) can be converted to:
compared with the scheme in the related documents in the background technology, the scheme provided by the embodiment can obviously shorten the time consumed in the process of increasing the radon concentration in the radon collection chamber, and the method can obviously help to improve the calibration efficiency of the radon measuring instrument. In addition, due to the fact that water injection sealing is adopted, even if a fine gap exists between the radon collection chamber and the top end face of the horizontal table due to machining precision, leakage cannot be formed, and therefore accuracy of a test result is better guaranteed.
Further, the above-mentioned reference device also comprises a dosing liquid filler (not shown in the drawings) for dosing the water into the area surrounded by the ledge at the top of the horizontal platform. As shown in figure 1, the air outlet end of the air flow type radon source is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump, the air inlet end of the air flow type radon source is connected with the air outlet end of the adjusting chamber through air guide pipes, and the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the radon precipitation port, and the air inlet end of the adjusting chamber is connected with the radon return port through air guide pipes.
Based on the same technical concept as the above reference device, the invention also provides a method for stably regulating and controlling the exhalation rate of radon, which comprises the following steps:
step one, a radon collection chamber is buckled on a horizontal table, the top of the horizontal table is provided with a radon precipitation outlet and a radon reflux port, the radon precipitation outlet and the radon reflux port are ensured to be positioned in an area covered by the radon collection chamber, an air pump, an adjusting chamber and a flowing radon source which is subjected to emptying treatment (the flowing radon source can be subjected to emptying treatment by clean air) are arranged outside the area covered by the radon collection chamber, an exhaust end of the adjusting chamber is connected with an air inlet end of the flowing radon source by a pipeline, an air outlet end of the flowing radon source is connected with an air inlet end of the air pump by a pipeline, an air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the radon precipitation outlet by a pipeline, and the radon reflux port is connected with an air inlet end of the adjusting chamber by a pipeline;
and step two, in the measurement process, the radon exhalation rate is regulated and controlled by changing the volume of the chamber of the regulating chamber.
Preferably, in the second step, the radon exhalation rate is regulated by replacing the regulating chambers with different volume sizes.
Also preferably, a movable regulating plate is arranged in the chamber of the regulating chamber in the step one, and the outer edge of the regulating plate is abutted against the chamber wall of the regulating chamber and forms a seal; in the second step, the adjusting plate is driven to move to change the effective volume of the chamber, so that the radon exhalation rate is adjusted and controlled.
More preferably, a circle of convex edge is further arranged on the top end face of the horizontal platform in the first step, it is guaranteed that the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux port are located in an area surrounded by the convex edge and protrude above the top end face of the horizontal platform, the top end face of the horizontal platform is adjusted to be horizontal, water is injected into the area surrounded by the convex edge, sealing is formed at the contact position of the radon collection chamber and the top end face of the horizontal platform through water, and then the second step is carried out.
The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, and the present invention can be implemented in other ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Some of the drawings and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified to facilitate the understanding of the improvements over the prior art by those skilled in the art, and some other elements have been omitted from this document for the sake of clarity, and it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that such omitted elements may also constitute the subject matter of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a can stably regulate and control reference device of radon exhalation rate, includes air-flowing formula radon source and air pump, the end of giving vent to anger of air-flowing formula radon source links to each other its characterized in that with the inlet end of air pump: still include the horizontal stand, gas flow formula radon source, air pump setting are outside the horizontal stand still be equipped with the regulation room outside the horizontal stand, gas flow formula radon source is located between air pump and the regulation room, the inlet end in gas flow formula radon source links to each other with the exhaust end of regulation room, the top of horizontal stand is equipped with radon and educes export and radon backward flow mouth, will collect the radon room and detain and arrange in when on the top face of horizontal stand, radon is educed export and radon backward flow mouth and can be covered by collection radon room, the end of giving vent to anger of air pump is connected with radon and is educed the mouth, the inlet end and the radon backward flow mouth of regulation room are connected, through changing the regulation and control of radon exhalation rate is realized to the chamber volume size of regulation room.
2. The reference device capable of stably regulating and controlling radon exhalation rate according to claim 1, wherein: the reference device comprises a plurality of adjusting chambers, the volume of each adjusting chamber is different, and radon exhalation rate regulation and control are realized by replacing different adjusting chambers.
3. The reference device capable of stably regulating and controlling radon exhalation rate according to claim 1, wherein: be equipped with mobilizable regulating plate in the cavity of regulating chamber, the regulating plate is connected and is driven its round trip movement's actuating mechanism, the outer edge of regulating plate leans on the chamber wall of living the regulating chamber and forms sealedly, actuating mechanism drive regulating plate removes the effective volume size that can change the cavity to realize radon exhalation rate regulation and control.
4. The reference device capable of stably regulating and controlling the radon exhalation rate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the top end face of the horizontal table is provided with a circle of convex edge, the horizontal table is further connected with a plurality of supporting legs, the supporting heights of the supporting legs for the horizontal table are adjustable, a horizontal ruler used for determining whether the top end face of the horizontal table is in a horizontal position is further arranged on the horizontal table, and the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux port are located in an area surrounded by the convex edge and protrude out of the top end face of the horizontal table.
5. The reference device capable of stably regulating and controlling radon exhalation rate according to claim 4, wherein: the quantitative liquid filling device is used for quantitatively filling water into an area surrounded by the convex edge on the top of the horizontal platform.
6. The reference device capable of stably regulating and controlling radon exhalation rate according to claim 1, wherein: the air outlet end of the air flow type radon source is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump, the air inlet end of the air flow type radon source is connected with the air outlet end of the adjusting chamber through air guide pipes, the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the radon precipitation port, and the air inlet end of the adjusting chamber is connected with the radon return port through air guide pipes.
7. A method capable of stably regulating and controlling radon exhalation rate comprises the following steps:
firstly, a radon collection chamber is buckled on a horizontal table, the top of the horizontal table is provided with a radon exhalation outlet and a radon reflux port, the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux port are ensured to be positioned in an area covered by the radon collection chamber, an air pump, an adjusting chamber and a flowing gas type radon source which is subjected to emptying treatment are arranged outside the area covered by the radon collection chamber, an exhaust end of the adjusting chamber is connected with an air inlet end of the flowing gas type radon source through a pipeline, an air outlet end of the flowing gas type radon source is connected with an air inlet end of the air pump through a pipeline, an air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the radon exhalation port through a pipeline, and the radon reflux port is connected with an air inlet end of the adjusting chamber through a pipeline;
and step two, in the measurement process, the volume of the chamber of the regulating chamber is changed to regulate and control the radon exhalation rate.
8. The method for stably regulating and controlling the radon exhalation rate as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in the second step, the radon exhalation rate is regulated and controlled by replacing the regulating chambers with different chamber volume sizes.
9. The method for stably regulating and controlling the radon exhalation rate as claimed in claim 7, wherein: arranging a movable adjusting plate in the chamber of the adjusting chamber in the step one, and abutting the outer edge of the adjusting plate against the chamber wall of the adjusting chamber to form a seal;
in the second step, the adjusting plate is driven to move to change the effective volume of the chamber, so that the radon exhalation rate is adjusted and controlled.
10. The method for stably regulating and controlling the radon exhalation rate according to any one of claims 7 to 9, which is characterized in that: and C, arranging a circle of convex edge on the top end surface of the horizontal platform in the first step to ensure that the radon exhalation outlet and the radon reflux port are positioned in the region surrounded by the convex edge and protrude above the top end surface of the horizontal platform, adjusting the top end surface of the horizontal platform to be horizontal, injecting water into the region surrounded by the convex edge, forming sealing at the contact part of the radon collection chamber and the top end surface of the horizontal platform through water, and then performing the operation of the second step.
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