CN108088875A - 基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器 - Google Patents

基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器 Download PDF

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CN108088875A
CN108088875A CN201711407892.7A CN201711407892A CN108088875A CN 108088875 A CN108088875 A CN 108088875A CN 201711407892 A CN201711407892 A CN 201711407892A CN 108088875 A CN108088875 A CN 108088875A
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micro wires
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冯秋菊
石笑驰
邢妍
李彤彤
李芳�
李昀铮
石博
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Liaoning Normal University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
    • G01N27/125Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
    • G01N27/122Circuits particularly adapted therefor, e.g. linearising circuits

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Abstract

本发明公开一种基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器,本首先通过化学气相沉积方法制备出表面积大,结晶好的ZnO微米线阵列,然后从其上取出所需的单根ZnO微米线,在其两端用银胶固定并作为惠斯通电桥的一个可变桥壁,与其他三个桥壁构成非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器。制备工艺简单,成本低廉,制作方便易于实现,不仅具有较高的灵敏度而且响应和恢复速度快,可在室温下对乙醇气体进行检测,提高了检测器的可靠性。

Description

基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种乙醇气体传感器,尤其是一种灵敏度高、响应和恢复速度快的基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器。
背景技术
目前,在各种气体传感器中,氧化物半导体为敏感材料的气体传感器以具有灵敏度高、检测下限低、响应和恢复时间短、成本低廉等突出的优点,成为广泛应用的气体传感器之一。近年来,作为直接带隙宽禁带半导体材料的氧化锌(ZnO),由于其独特的光电、压电和化学性质,以及高的热稳定性和气体特性逐渐被应用于气体传感方面,特别是对于具有比表面积大的一维ZnO纳/微米结构,已经显示出比体材料更优越的气敏特性。但目前文献报道的纳/微米ZnO气体传感器的工作温度普遍较高(大约在200~400℃),长时间工作不仅对器件造成损害,增加器件工作的不稳定性且大大降低传感器的使用寿命。另外,气体传感器的响应和恢复时间也比较长。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术所存在的上述技术问题,提供一种灵敏度高、响应和恢复速度快的基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器。
本发明的技术解决方案是:一种基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器,由敏感材料与三个定值电阻组成惠斯通电桥,其特征在于:所述敏感材料为直径30~100μm、长度30~40mm 的单根ZnO微米线,所述单根ZnO微米线是按如下步骤制备:
(a)将纯度大于99%的ZnO粉末和活性碳粉按照质量比2:1充分混合制成反应源材料,将反应源材料放入石英舟内,然后再将石英舟放入化学气相沉积系统石英管的中心处;
(b)通入载气氩气,氩气流量为100~300ml/min,当温度加热至950~1100℃时通入氧气,氧气流量为10~100ml/min,生长时间为30分钟;
(c)关闭氧气,保持氩气流量,降温至100℃以下,在石英管出气口处得到ZnO微米线阵列,从ZnO微米线阵列底部剥离出单根ZnO微米线。
本发明首先通过化学气相沉积方法制备出表面积大,结晶好的ZnO微米线阵列,然后从其上取出所需的单根ZnO微米线,在其两端用银胶固定并作为惠斯通电桥的一个可变桥壁,与其他三个桥壁构成非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器。制备工艺简单,成本低廉,制作方便易于实现,不仅具有较高的灵敏度而且响应和恢复速度快,可在室温下对乙醇气体进行检测,提高了检测器的可靠性。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1中ZnO微米线阵列的相机照片。
图2是本发明实施例1中单根ZnO微米线的扫描电子显微镜照片。
图3是本发明实施例1在工作温度为室温25℃、乙醇浓度为10ppm下的响应和恢复曲线。
图4是本发明实施例2在工作温度为室温25℃、乙醇浓度为40ppm下的响应和恢复曲线。
图5是本发明实施例在工作温度为室温25℃、乙醇浓度为70ppm下的响应和恢复曲线。
图6是本发明比较例在工作温度为室温25℃、乙醇浓度为70ppm下的响应和恢复曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
本发明的基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器,同现有技术一样,由敏感材料与三个定值电阻组成惠斯通电桥,与现有技术所不同的是所述敏感材料为直径40μm、长度30mm 的单根ZnO微米线,所述单根ZnO微米线是按如下步骤制备:
(a)将纯度大于99%的ZnO粉末和活性碳粉按照质量比2:1充分混合制成反应源材料,将反应源材料放入石英舟内,然后再将石英舟放入化学气相沉积系统石英管的中心处;
(b)通入载气氩气,氩气流量为150ml/min,当温度加热至1000时通入氧气,氧气流量为30ml/min,生长时间为30分钟;
(c)关闭氧气,保持氩气流量,降温至100℃以下,在石英管出气口处得到ZnO微米线阵列,从ZnO微米线阵列底部剥离出单根ZnO微米线;
首先将三个固定电阻分别为R1=10KΩ,R2=10KΩ,R3=50KΩ按照惠斯通电桥结构搭建好电路;然后将剥离出的长度为30mm,直径为40μm的单根ZnO微米线放在干净的玻璃片上,在ZnO微米线的两端用导电银胶固定并作为电极,同时在微米线两端电极处引出两根铜丝,在干燥环境下静置待银胶固化,之后将单根ZnO微米线接入到电桥电路中作为R4,从而得到基于单根ZnO微米线非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器。
基于单根ZnO微米线非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器对乙醇气体的传感响应S定义为:,其中I a I g 分别为传感器在空气中和乙醇气体中的稳定电流值。
实施例1所生长的ZnO微米线阵列的相机照片如图1所示,从中所取的单根ZnO微米线扫描电子显微镜照片如图2所示。从图1可以看出,本发明实施例制备的单根ZnO微米线长度可达30~40mm,从图2可以看出本发明实施例制备的单根ZnO微米线直径为40μm。
图3是本发明实施例1在工作温度为室温25℃、乙醇浓度为10ppm下的响应和恢复曲线。
气敏性能指标如下:
传感器响应S为20%,响应时间约为0.6s,恢复时间约为1s。
图4是本发明实施例1在工作温度为室温25℃、乙醇浓度为40ppm下的响应和恢复曲线。
气敏性能指标如下:
传感器响应为58%,响应时间约为0.5s,恢复时间约为1s。
图5是本发明实施例1在工作温度为室温25℃、乙醇浓度为70ppm下的响应和恢复曲线。
气敏性能指标如下:
传感器响应为80%,响应时间约为0.5s,恢复时间约为2s。
实验比较例:
实验比较例是采用现有方法制成长度为20mm,直径为40μm的单根ZnO微米,然后按照本发明实施例1的方法制成基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器。
图6是比较例在工作温度为室温25℃、乙醇浓度为70ppm下的响应和恢复曲线。
气敏性能指标如下:
传感器响应为4%,响应时间约为1s,恢复时间约为6s。
通过与对比例比较实验,说明本发明实施例气敏指标得到明显改善。

Claims (1)

1.一种基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器,由敏感材料与三个定值电阻组成惠斯通电桥,其特征在于:所述敏感材料为直径30~100μm、长度30~40mm 的单根ZnO微米线,所述单根ZnO微米线是按如下步骤制备:
(a)将纯度大于99%的ZnO粉末和活性碳粉按照质量比2:1充分混合制成反应源材料,将反应源材料放入石英舟内,然后再将石英舟放入化学气相沉积系统石英管的中心处;
(b)通入载气氩气,氩气流量为100~300ml/min,当温度加热至950~1100℃时通入氧气,氧气流量为10~100ml/min,生长时间为30分钟;
(c)关闭氧气,保持氩气流量,降温至100℃以下,在石英管出气口处得到ZnO微米线阵列,从ZnO微米线阵列底部剥离出单根ZnO微米线。
CN201711407892.7A 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 基于单根ZnO微米线的非平衡电桥式乙醇气体传感器 Pending CN108088875A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20180529