CN108087069B - Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on double-phase change heat reservoir and control method - Google Patents
Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on double-phase change heat reservoir and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108087069B CN108087069B CN201711396882.8A CN201711396882A CN108087069B CN 108087069 B CN108087069 B CN 108087069B CN 201711396882 A CN201711396882 A CN 201711396882A CN 108087069 B CN108087069 B CN 108087069B
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on a double-phase change heat reservoir and a control method, wherein the waste heat recovery system comprises: the device comprises an engine, a phase change heat reservoir, an electric control three-way valve, an electronic control unit, an expander and generator assembly, a condenser, a working medium pump, a liquid storage tank and a temperature thermocouple group. In the working process of the system, the electronic control unit monitors the heat storage and heat release conditions of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir according to temperature signals of the two temperature thermocouple groups and controls the communication condition of the electric control three-way valve. When the first phase-change heat reservoir exchanges heat with the tail gas and stores full heat, the Rankine cycle working medium enters the first phase-change heat reservoir to absorb heat and evaporate, and then enters the expansion machine to do work. Meanwhile, the second phase change heat reservoir is communicated with the tail gas channel through the first electric control three-way valve and starts heat storage. The invention has the advantages that the negative influence of severe fluctuation of the temperature and the mass flow of the tail gas on the Rankine cycle system can be weakened, so that the Rankine cycle can continuously and efficiently recover the waste heat of the tail gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engine tail gas waste heat recovery and phase change heat storage, in particular to a Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on a double-phase change heat storage device and a control method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the global automotive industry, the amount of maintenance of automobiles is increasing. Scientific researches show that only one third of heat generated by the fuel combustion of the automobile engine is effectively utilized by the engine, and most of the heat in the other two thirds is directly discharged into the atmosphere along with the tail gas of the engine, so that not only is the huge waste of energy sources caused, but also serious environmental pollution is caused. Therefore, how to efficiently recycle the tail gas of the automobile and reasonably utilize the tail gas is one of the important problems in the scientific research of the energy field at present.
The traditional engine tail gas waste heat recovery system based on Rankine cycle mostly adopts an organic working medium to directly exchange heat with tail gas, and the organic working medium absorbs heat and evaporates and then enters an expansion machine to do work. But there are few considerations regarding the impact of variable operating conditions of the engine on the rankine cycle system. The reason is that the temperature and the flow of the tail gas are fluctuated severely, so that the heat exchange between the organic working medium and the tail gas is fluctuated, and the expander can work in an unstable state and has lower efficiency. Moreover, when the waste heat of the tail gas is insufficient, the evaporation temperature of the organic working medium is low, and the organic working medium is easy to liquefy during expansion work, so that the expander is damaged; when the waste heat of the tail gas is more, the Rankine cycle system is difficult to fully recover the waste heat of the tail gas.
Based on the current situation, the invention provides the Rankine cycle waste heat recovery method based on the double-phase change heat storage device, which not only can weaken the negative influence of severe fluctuation of the temperature and the mass flow of the tail gas on the Rankine cycle system, but also can store the tail gas waste heat to the maximum extent, so that the Rankine cycle can continuously and efficiently recover the tail gas waste heat and output electric energy, and can also avoid the damage to an expander caused by liquefaction of an organic working medium in the expansion work process due to insufficient waste heat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the temperature and the mass flow of tail gas are severely fluctuated under the variable working condition of an engine, and provides a Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on a dual-phase change heat reservoir.
The Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on the double-phase change heat reservoir comprises an engine, a first phase change heat reservoir, a second phase change heat reservoir, a first electric control three-way valve, a second electric control three-way valve, a third electric control three-way valve, an electronic control unit, an expander and generator component, a condenser, a working medium pump, a liquid storage tank, a melting process temperature thermocouple group and a solidification process temperature thermocouple group;
the exhaust pipe of the engine is respectively connected with the tail gas flow passages of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir through a first electric control three-way valve, the working medium flow passage outlets of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir are connected with the expansion machine and the generator component through a second electric control three-way valve, and the outlet of the working medium pump is respectively connected with the working medium flow passage inlets of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir through a third electric control three-way valve, and the expansion machine, the generator component, the condenser, the liquid storage tank and the working medium pump are sequentially connected;
the electronic control unit is electrically connected with the first electric control three-way valve, the second electric control three-way valve and the third electric control three-way valve respectively; the temperature thermocouple group in the melting process is arranged at the inlets of working medium flow passages of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir and is in contact with the phase change material; the temperature thermocouple group in the solidification process is arranged at the inlets of the tail gas flow channels of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir and is in contact with the phase change material.
The first electric control three-way valve is controlled by the electronic control unit to be communicated with the two phase change heat reservoirs independently, and when the first electric control three-way valve is communicated with the non-heat-storage phase change heat reservoirs, tail gas flows through the phase change heat reservoirs and exchanges heat with phase change materials in the tail gas, so that a heat storage process is realized. The second electric control three-way valve and the third electric control three-way valve are connected in series in the Rankine cycle, and are alternately communicated with the two phase change heat reservoirs independently by the electronic control unit. And when the second electric control three-way valve and the third electric control three-way valve connect the full heat storage phase change heat reservoir into the Rankine cycle, the organic working medium exchanges heat with the phase change material in the organic working medium.
The electronic control unit is used for receiving temperature signals transmitted by the temperature thermocouple group and controlling the channel connection condition of the three electric control three-way valves according to the signals.
Preferably, the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir have the same structure and comprise a working medium flow channel, a tail gas flow channel and a phase change material, and the phase change material is arranged between the working medium flow channel and the tail gas flow channel.
Preferably, the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir are of a three-layer annular sleeve structure, the inner ring is a tail gas channel, the middle ring is made of a phase change material, the outer ring is a working medium channel, the outer walls of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir are wrapped with shells with high heat insulation performance, and the purpose is to reduce heat dissipation in the heat storage container so that the organic working medium can absorb enough heat during heat exchange.
The melting process temperature thermocouple group and the solidification process temperature thermocouple group are symmetrically arranged in the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir respectively, so that the electronic control unit can more accurately receive temperature signals of the phase change materials, the solidification process temperature thermocouple group is arranged in the phase change materials, and the melting process temperature thermocouple group is arranged outside the phase change materials.
The working medium pump is power equipment for driving working medium to circulate in the Rankine cycle system. The pressure of the organic working medium is increased after the organic working medium is compressed by the working medium pump, and the organic working medium enters the first phase change heat reservoir or the second phase change heat reservoir for heat exchange.
The condenser is a condensing device in a system of the Rankine cycle. The working medium flowing out of the expander is in a gas-liquid mixed state, the temperature is higher, and the working medium is liquefied when entering a condenser and finally turns into a liquid organic working medium again when meeting cold, so that the Rankine cycle is continuously carried out.
The expander and the generator set are key equipment for converting heat energy of working media into mechanical work in a Rankine cycle system. The high-temperature gaseous working medium expander flowing out of the first phase change heat reservoir or the second phase change heat reservoir is used for doing work, converting heat energy into mechanical energy, and simultaneously is used for driving the generator to generate electricity, and converting the mechanical energy into electric energy.
The Rankine cycle waste heat recovery control method based on the double-phase change heat reservoir comprises the following steps of:
when the engine works, the electronic control unit controls the first electric control three-way valve according to temperature signals transmitted by the melting process temperature thermocouple group and the solidification process temperature thermocouple group in the phase change heat reservoir, the first electric control three-way valve is communicated with the first phase change heat reservoir, so that tail gas discharged by the engine exchanges heat with phase change materials in the first phase change heat reservoir, the phase change materials absorb heat in the tail gas and store the heat,
when the phase change material in the first phase change heat reservoir completely exchanges heat, the electronic control unit controls the first electric control three-way valve to be switched to be communicated with the second phase change heat reservoir, so that the tail gas of the engine enters the second phase change heat reservoir to exchange heat with the phase change material; simultaneously, the electronic control unit controls the second electric control three-way valve and the third electric control three-way valve to enable the organic working medium to enter the first phase change heat reservoir, so that the low-temperature liquid organic working medium exchanges heat with the phase change material in the first phase change heat reservoir,
after the heat exchange between the organic working medium and the phase change material, the electronic control unit controls the second electronic control three-way valve and the third electronic control three-way valve to enable the organic working medium to enter the second phase change heat reservoir, the low-temperature liquid organic working medium continuously exchanges heat with the phase change material in the second phase change heat reservoir at the moment, the organic working medium is changed into a high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature phase change material, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas enters the expander and acts on the expander to generate electric energy.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the waste heat recovery system has simple structure and principle and small change to the original structure of the engine.
2. The waste heat recovery system utilizes the dual-phase change material to store the waste heat of the tail gas, so that the organic working medium continuously and alternately exchanges heat with the phase change material, and the negative influence of the tail gas temperature and the mass flow on the Rankine cycle under the variable working condition of the engine can be effectively weakened.
3. The waste heat recovery system utilizes the phase change heat reservoir with the two three-layer annular sleeve structures, can decouple the heat storage and release processes of phase change materials, is beneficial to simplified design and stable operation of the system, and enables the expander to continuously and efficiently drive the generator to output electric energy in the Rankine cycle.
Drawings
Fig. 1: schematic diagram of Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on double-phase change heat reservoir;
fig. 2: a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir;
fig. 3: the first phase change heat reservoir, the second phase change heat reservoir, the section A-A and the temperature thermocouple group are arranged in a schematic diagram;
fig. 4: control system and control method.
Symbol description
1, an engine; 2, a first phase change heat reservoir; 3, a second phase change heat reservoir; 4, a working medium pump; 5, an expander and a generator set; 6, a liquid storage tank; 7, a condenser; 8, a first electric control three-way valve; 9, a second electric control three-way valve; 10, a third electric control three-way valve; 11, an electronic control unit; 12, an organic working medium flow channel; 13, a tail gas flow passage; 14, phase change material; 15, a temperature thermocouple group in the melting process; 16, a temperature thermocouple group in the solidification process;
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on a dual-phase change heat reservoir mainly comprises an engine 1, a first phase change heat reservoir 2, a second phase change heat reservoir 3, a first electric control three-way valve 8, a second electric control three-way valve 9, a third electric control three-way valve 10, an electronic control unit 11, an expander and generator assembly 5, a condenser 7, a working medium pump 4, a melting process temperature thermocouple group 15 and a solidification process temperature thermocouple group 16.
When the engine works, the electronic control unit 11 controls the first electric control three-way valve 8 according to temperature signals transmitted by the melting process temperature thermocouple group 15 and the solidification process temperature thermocouple group 16 in the phase change heat reservoir, the first electric control three-way valve 8 is communicated with the first phase change heat reservoir 2, tail gas discharged by the engine exchanges heat with phase change materials in the first phase change heat reservoir 2, the phase change materials absorb heat in the tail gas to generate phase change so as to store the heat, when the phase change materials in the first phase change heat reservoir 2 are fully heated, the electronic control unit controls the first electric control three-way valve 8 to be communicated with the second phase change heat reservoir 3, the engine tail gas enters the second phase change heat reservoir 3 to exchange heat with the phase change materials of the second phase change heat reservoir 3, and the electronic control unit switches the first electric control three-way valve 8 to be communicated with the first phase change heat reservoir 2 again until the phase change materials of the second phase change heat reservoir 3 are fully heated, so that the tail gas exchanges heat again. Meanwhile, the electronic control unit controls the second electric control three-way valve 9 and the third electric control three-way valve 10 to connect the first phase-change heat reservoir 2 to the Rankine cycle, so that the organic working medium exchanges heat with the phase-change material in the first phase-change heat reservoir 2, and after the organic working medium exchanges heat with the phase-change material completely, the electronic control unit controls the second electric control three-way valve 9 and the third electric control three-way valve 10 to connect the second phase-change heat reservoir 3 to the Rankine cycle, and the organic working medium continuously exchanges heat with the phase-change material in the second phase-change heat reservoir 3 at the moment. The low-temperature liquid organic working medium is changed into a high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium after heat exchange with the high-temperature phase change material, the high-temperature high-pressure gas enters the expander and drives the expander to rotate for working, and the expander drives the generator to rotate through the speed change device, so that electric energy is generated.
It should be further noted that, the inner ring inlets of the first phase change heat reservoir 2 and the second phase change heat reservoir 3 are communicated with the first electric control three-way valve 8, the inner ring outlet is communicated with the atmosphere, the outer ring inlets of the first phase change heat reservoir 2 and the second phase change heat reservoir 3 are communicated with the third electric control three-way valve 10, and the outer ring outlet is communicated with the second electric control three-way valve 9. The middle rings of the first phase change heat reservoir 2 and the second phase change heat reservoir 3 are arranged with phase change heat storage material. The engine tail gas flows into the inner ring channel of the first phase change heat reservoir 2 or the second phase change heat reservoir 3 through the first electric control three-way valve 8, and the phase change material in the phase change heat reservoir absorbs the heat of the high-temperature tail gas to finish the phase change energy storage process. The organic working medium flows into the outer ring channel of the first phase change heat reservoir 2 or the second phase change heat reservoir 3 from the liquid storage tank 6 through the water pump 4 and the third electric control three-way valve 10, exchanges heat with the phase change material in the first phase change heat reservoir 2 or the second phase change heat reservoir 3, and the low-temperature liquid organic working medium is changed into high-temperature high-pressure gaseous working medium to enter the expander for working through absorbing the heat stored by the phase change material, so that the generator is driven to generate electricity.
Claims (4)
1. The Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on the double-phase change heat reservoir is characterized by comprising an engine, a first phase change heat reservoir, a second phase change heat reservoir, a first electric control three-way valve, a second electric control three-way valve, a third electric control three-way valve, an electronic control unit, an expander and generator assembly, a condenser, a working medium pump, a liquid storage tank, a melting process temperature thermocouple group and a solidification process temperature thermocouple group;
the exhaust pipe of the engine is respectively connected with the tail gas flow passages of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir through a first electric control three-way valve, the working medium flow passage outlets of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir are connected with the expansion machine and the generator component through a second electric control three-way valve, and the outlet of the working medium pump is respectively connected with the working medium flow passage inlets of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir through a third electric control three-way valve, and the expansion machine, the generator component, the condenser, the liquid storage tank and the working medium pump are sequentially connected;
the electronic control unit is electrically connected with the first electric control three-way valve, the second electric control three-way valve and the third electric control three-way valve respectively; the temperature thermocouple group in the melting process is arranged at the inlets of working medium flow passages of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir and is in contact with the phase change material; the temperature thermocouple group in the solidification process is arranged at the inlets of the tail gas flow channels of the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir and is in contact with the phase change material.
2. The rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on the dual-phase change heat reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir have the same structure and comprise a working medium flow channel, an exhaust flow channel and a phase change material, and the phase change material is arranged between the working medium flow channel and the exhaust flow channel.
3. The Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system based on the dual-phase change heat reservoir according to claim 2, wherein the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir are of a three-layer annular sleeve structure, an inner ring is a tail gas channel, an intermediate ring is a phase change material, an outer ring is a working medium channel,
the melting process temperature thermocouple group and the solidification process temperature thermocouple group are symmetrically arranged in the first phase change heat reservoir and the second phase change heat reservoir respectively.
4. A rankine cycle waste heat recovery control method based on a dual phase change heat storage device according to claim 1, characterized by the steps of:
when the engine works, the electronic control unit controls the first electric control three-way valve according to temperature signals transmitted by the melting process temperature thermocouple group and the solidification process temperature thermocouple group in the phase change heat reservoir, the first electric control three-way valve is communicated with the first phase change heat reservoir, so that tail gas discharged by the engine exchanges heat with phase change materials in the first phase change heat reservoir, the phase change materials absorb heat in the tail gas and store the heat,
when the phase change material in the first phase change heat reservoir completely exchanges heat, the electronic control unit controls the first electric control three-way valve to be switched to be communicated with the second phase change heat reservoir, so that the tail gas of the engine enters the second phase change heat reservoir to exchange heat with the phase change material; simultaneously, the electronic control unit controls the second electric control three-way valve and the third electric control three-way valve to enable the organic working medium to enter the first phase change heat reservoir, so that the low-temperature liquid organic working medium exchanges heat with the phase change material in the first phase change heat reservoir,
after the heat exchange between the organic working medium and the phase change material, the electronic control unit controls the second electronic control three-way valve and the third electronic control three-way valve to enable the organic working medium to enter the second phase change heat reservoir, the low-temperature liquid organic working medium continuously exchanges heat with the phase change material in the second phase change heat reservoir at the moment, the organic working medium is changed into a high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature phase change material, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas enters the expander and acts on the expander to generate electric energy.
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| CN111734509B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-02-12 | 浙江大学 | Organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system for slowing down heat source fluctuation and control method |
| CN111998712B (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2023-05-09 | 长兴（广州）光电材料有限公司 | Pipeline energy storage heating device based on waste gas waste heat recovery and recycling |
| CN118168362B (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-08-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Heat source fluctuation type heat exchange system based on active flow regulation and control method thereof |
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