CN1080866C - 金属生产和空气分离的组合式设备及操作方法 - Google Patents

金属生产和空气分离的组合式设备及操作方法 Download PDF

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CN1080866C
CN1080866C CN94117933A CN94117933A CN1080866C CN 1080866 C CN1080866 C CN 1080866C CN 94117933 A CN94117933 A CN 94117933A CN 94117933 A CN94117933 A CN 94117933A CN 1080866 C CN1080866 C CN 1080866C
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air
group
described equipment
gas
metal production
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CN1105752A (zh
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阿兰·吉勒德
马克·巴夫诺耶
丹尼尔·德洛克
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D46/00—Controlling, supervising, not restricted to casting covered by a single main group, e.g. for safety reasons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04121—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04157—Afterstage cooling and so-called "pre-cooling" of the feed air upstream the air purification unit and main heat exchange line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04181—Regenerating the adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04551—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the metal production
    • F25J3/04557—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the metal production for pig iron or steel making, e.g. blast furnace, Corex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04593—The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
    • F25J3/046—Completely integrated air feed compression, i.e. common MAC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04612—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04957—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipments upstream of the fractionation unit (s), i.e. at the "front-end"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
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    • F25J2230/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/70—Steam turbine, e.g. used in a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/906—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by heat driven absorption chillers

Abstract

具有至少一个金属生产装置组(II)的组合式设备，包括至少一个，但一般是一系列的金属生产或处理装置以及至少一个空气气体分离装置组(III)，它包括至少一种气体的至少一个出口 (1-18)，这些装置由一个共同的压缩空气生产装置组(I)供应低水蒸汽含量的压缩空气，并且，分离装置组(III)气体出口(14-18)中的至少一个出口连接到金属生产装置组的至少一个装置(1-6)，从而把气体供给这一装置。

Description

金属生产和空气分离的组合式设备及操作方法
本发明涉及由至少一个金属生产或处理装置构成的组合式设备，包括至少一个把气体从空气中分离出来的装置，该装置具有至少一个从空气中分离出来的至少一种气体的出口。
现今的金属生产装置，特别是钢铁生产装置包括多种金属生产或处理装置，需要时把它们重组成一整条生产线，从矿物原料的处理一直到用来供给市场的制成品的生产。这些金属生产或处理装置的大多数要消耗大量的压缩空气(每吨金属10标米3空气以上)和/或从空气中分离出来的气体，特别是氧气(每吨金属50标米3以上)和/或中性气体(每吨金属10标米3以上)。这些气体一般用液态气罐或气体管道供应。此外，这些空气气体由空气气体分离装置，特别是低温型的分离装置生产，而这些装置也需要供应压缩空气。不管是金属生产或处理装置，还是空气分离装置，所使用的空气压缩机都是些要消耗大量电能的大型设备，从而大大提高了生产成本。
本发明的目的是提供一种组合式设备它包括至少一个金属生产装置和至少一个空气气体分离装置，它将最佳地配合这些装置，特别是共用一个压缩空气生产装置以及把金属生产或处理装置与由空气气体分离装置提供的空气气体源就地直接连接起来。
为此，按照本发明的一个特点，本组合式设备包括一个压缩空气生产装置，它具有至少一个出口连接到空气气体分离装置和所述生产或处理装置，把空气提供给它们。
按照本发明的另一个特点，本设备包括至少一条把空气分离装置的出口连接到所述装置的流体管道，把至少一种从空气中分离出来的气体以气体或液体形态供应给所述装置。
本发明还旨在提供上述类型的组合设备，该设备还利用此两装置之间的热配合，尤其是由低温型分离装置提供的致冷力。
为此，按照本发明的一个特点，金属生产或处理装置包括至少一条冷却管路，它的至少一部分在功能上与低温空气气体分离装置的至少一条流体管路相关。
本发明的另一个目的是以过度压缩空气提供给低温分离设备而使其工作最佳化。
通过下述结合附图对设计方案的说明，便可看出本发明的其它特点和优点，但这些方案只是例示性的并非限制性的。附图中：
图1为本发明组合式设备的一种设计方案的示意图，它把一条钢铁生产线和一低温型空气气体分离装置组合在一起；
图2是适用于本发明组合式设备的低温空气气体分离装置的一种设计方案的示意图。
在下述说明和各附图中，相同或类似部件用相同标记表示，必要时用符号表示。
在图1所示意的设计方案中，表示出互相配合的三大组装置，即生产压缩空气的高压和中在装置组I、钢铁生产线II和低温型空气气体分离装置组III。
在所示例子中，钢铁生产线II包括钢铁熔化炉1，它一般为电弧炉或EOF风口和喷嘴型高炉，其熔化金属被送到对熔化钢铁进行处理或组分调节的转炉型装置2，装置2一般为AOD(“氩氧脱碳法”)或BOF(“氧气顶吹转炉”)，然后通过连铸装置3和连续再加热炉4送到轧钢厂5。直接从高炉、或COREX型、或用来还原或预还原矿砂的DRI直接还原型装置6把钢供应给高炉1或从废铁分拣装置7把废铁供给高炉1。低温型空气气体分离装置III一般包括至少一个双蒸馏塔9，如图2所示，该塔9包括中压塔10和低压塔11，最好还包括氩混合塔(未画出)，用装有吸收型净化器装置13的压缩空气输送管12把压力至少来4×105Pa、一般在6×105到75×105pa之间的压缩空气供应给塔9。在所示例子中，空气气体分离装置包括至少一个纯氧出口14、一大体为纯氮的出口15、一大体为纯氩的出口16和剩余气体出口17(一般为不纯的氮)以及低温流体，例如液态或气态氮或液态空气的附加出口18。
按照本发明的一个方面，装置组II和III用共同的压缩机组I供应压缩空气，该压缩机组I包括具有多个出口的压缩机串19，至少某些出口连接到油沉积和干燥装置组20，它至少把高压(一般超过6×105Pa)压缩空气供应给至少一条管道21，并最好把空气至少压缩到中压(3×105到6×105Pa之间)而供给一组管道22。管道21直接连接到管道12，而管道组22通过控制装置或必要时通过减压装置23连接到高炉1为高炉1的风口或喷嘴供气、连接到熔化钢铁处理装置2为其风口或喷嘴供气、连接到再加热炉4为其喷嘴供气以及连接到轧钢厂5，提供用于冷却水蒸发的空气，并把称之为“仪表用气”的中压干燥空气提供给所有这些装置，以保护与这些装置有关的控制和监测设备，例如温度探针或电视摄像机。中压空气还送到分拣装置7为其分拣喷嘴供气。中压和/或高压空气还送至钢还原或预还原装置6，为其风口或喷嘴供气并/或用作仪表用气。中压压缩干燥空气还可从装置23的出口24送到压缩空气网络，用于该组合设备或近旁装置的其它设备。
相关地，按照本发明的一个方面，由装置组III提供的氧送至还原或预还原装置6为其喷嘴供氧、送至高炉1为后燃烧喷嘴或风口供氧、送至熔化钢处理装置2为其风口或喷嘴供氧以及送至再加热炉4为其喷嘴供氧。同样，氮和/或氩送至装置1除去碳粒，送至装置2起泡以及送至装置3到5，使它们不起化学作用或进行区域精炼。
从上述说明中可看出，装置组II和III的运行所需的主要气体由压缩装置组I供应，I实际上把来自导线25的电能转变成多方使用的气压能，从而用优越的电能供应和大型空气压缩装置组降低生产成本，这要比每一组装置分别使用各自的压缩机或比现今常见的对装置组II中的每一装置使用一台压缩机的产出要高。
按照本发明的另一个方面，还可以利用从装置组III得到的热量或饱和气体冷却组II以及必要时组I的部件。如图1所示，用作直接或间接热交换器的冷却水进口管道26位于热交换器27之内，使用用管道170送来的双蒸馏塔9出口17和/或出口18处获得的剩余或饱和气气流进行冷却，冷却水被送往高炉1的冷却水管路的入口A、或送往高炉1冷却水管路中用来冷却高炉1最热区的那一部分、送往冷却水入口B，用来冷却压缩和装置串19中的至少一台压缩机以及/或者送往还原或预还原装置6的冷却水入口C。从高炉1的水冷却管路A、从装置6的管路C和/或从压缩装置的冷却管路C重新生成的热水或蒸汽又进一步提高了组II与组III向的配合，并可把这些热水或蒸汽送往净化装置13以便再生其吸收介质。
从冷却管路A或C获得的热水或蒸汽和/或从压缩机装置串19的某一台压缩机获得的热压缩空气还可用来蒸发在分离装置III的出口处获得的低温液体，特别是当氩不必用分离装置III生成而是用一储槽提供时，所生成的气体至少有一部分送往装置组II的各装置。
按照本发明的另一设计方案，压缩装置串19，或至少是其中的一部分为压缩蒸汽蒸馏型，蒸汽最好由蒸汽网E提供，该网的至少一部分与金属生产线II的装置1-6中的至少一个装置交换热量。
这样就可利用所述装置(1-6)产生的能量以通常方式形成蒸汽。为此，蒸汽网E特别与金属熔化炉1、再加热炉4和矿砂还原或预还原装置6中的至少一个装置连接。
图2表示装置组III的一种特殊设计方案，它利用在大容量压缩机串开口处所能获得的大量高压空气生成至少是中压的氧和氮以及至少是中压的干燥、净化空气，至少提供给装置组II的种种装置。该图表示出高压空气供气管12，包括在净化器13上游的机械型或吸收型致冷装置28。该冷却、净化空气由风扇29过度压缩，风扇29中称为克劳德透平的膨胀透平驱动，该透平让一部分过度压缩空气膨胀后在第一交换管线31中冷却，然后送进中压塔10塔体。一部分过度压缩和冷却空气通过第二冷交换管线和膨胀阀送至中压塔的中间级并经过度冷却后送至低压塔11的上级。在本设计方案中，液态氧从中压塔10塔体的33处抽取、气态氮在中压塔10头部的36处抽取、液态氮在中压塔10的头部抽取。按照本发明的一个方面，透平30出口处的、压力一般在5×105到7×105Pa之间的膨胀空气由横穿交换管线32和31的管线34收集后送至配气装置23或直接送至装置组II的一些装置。这一辅助膨胀空气不引入双蒸馏塔9，从而生成附加低温，用来在双蒸馏塔9中增加低温液体的生产，而由于有了高容量压缩机组I提供的压缩空气，此能显著地小。因此，除了把气体供给组II的各装置外，如图1的网络E所示，低温组III还能把至少是部分的这些液体蒸发后经过管道大量供给要使用它们的其它区域。作为一种替代方案，同样如图2所示，过度压缩空气也能直接从连接压缩机风扇29的管线送到热交换管线31上游处的膨胀透平30，从而通过管线35供给配气装置23或直接供给组II的至少某些装置。
本发明的设备除了降低能耗、投资和运行成本外，还使组I、组II和组III的金属生产装置获得最佳配置，从而占地少，降低公害水平，特别是该设备的整个噪声水平。事实上，本发明设备使得一般来说噪声很大的装置组1可单独安装在选定地点而避免噪声危害。
虽然上面用特殊的设计方案对本发明作了说明，但本发明并不受这些设计方案的限制，相反，设计者可以他认为合适的任何方式作出修改，特别是，整个设备可以用其它相似的方式实现，可以不用9那样的低温装置，而是用吸收型或渗透型空气气体分离装置生产大体为纯净的氧和/或大体为纯净的氮，或者与低温装置9配合使用的，可以是由同一装置I供气的两个独立蒸馏塔以及有色金属生产装置，特别是铜、镍、锌或铝。
同样，可使用其它类型金属生产或处理装置(1到6)，例如埚炉、脱气装置、表面处理和脱磷或脱硫处理。

Claims (22)

1.一种组合式设备，包括：
至少一个金属生产装置组(II)，其具有至少一个气体入口；
至少一个空气分离装置组(III)，其具有至少一个空气入口以及至少一个气体出口；
一个空气压缩装置组(I)，其具有至少一个压缩空气出口；
第一空气管道，从所述压缩空气出口延伸到所述金属生产装置组的气体入口，以供应第一压缩空气流至所述金属生产装置组；
第二空气管道，从所述压缩空气出口延伸，以供应第二压缩空气流至空气分离装置组，该第二空气管道伸延到至少一个压缩装置，以使第二压缩空气流过度压缩，该过度压缩的第二空气流被分开为至少两路分别的空气流。
2.按权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，该空气压缩装置组(I)包括至少一个处于下游的压缩空气干燥装置(20)。
3.按权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述金属生产装置组包括一个金属分拣装置(7)。
4.按权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述金属生产装置组包括一个金属熔化炉(1)。
5.按权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述金属生产装置组包括一熔化金属处理装置(2)。
6.按权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述金属生产装置组包括一个轧钢厂(5)。
7.按权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述金属生产装置组包括一个把金属供给轧钢厂的装置(3、4)。
8.按权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述金属生产装置组包括矿砂还原或预还原装置(6)。
9.按权利要求1-8中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，供给该装置(1、2、4、6)的气体是氧。
10.按权利要求1-8中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，供给该装置(2-5)的气体是氮。
11.按权利要求1-8中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，供给该装置(2、3、5)的气体是氩。
12.按权利要求1-8中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，该装置(1、6)包括至少一条冷却管路(26，A；C)，至少一部分该管路在作用上与分离装置组(III)的至少一条流体管路(170；12)相关。
13.按权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，该冷却管路(A；C)包括至少一个用作热交换器(27)的上游部分(26)，该热交换器与分离装置组(III)的气体管道(170)连接。
14.按权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，该空气压缩装置组(I)包括至少一条冷却管路(26，B)，至少一部分该管路在作用上与空气分离装置组(III)的至少一个流体管道(170；12)相关(27；13)。
15.按权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，该空气分离装置组(III)是一个通过吸收型净化装置(13)与空气压缩装置组(I)连接的低温装置组(9)。
16.按权利要求1-8中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，该金属为钢。
17.按权利要求1-8中任一权利要求所述的设备，其特征在于，该金属为有色金属。
18.按权利要求15所述的设备，其特征在于，该空气分离装置组(III)为具有中压塔(10)的低温装置组(9)，该塔的一部分供应有在透平(30)中膨胀的过度压缩空气。
19.按权利要求18所述的设备，其特征在于，它包括在透平(30)下游处引出的中压压缩空气管路(34)，为用气装置供气。
20.按权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，该空气压缩装置组(I)包括一串压缩机(19)。
21.按权利要求20所述的设备，其特征在于，至少该串压缩机(19)的一部分受使用蒸汽的驱动装置的驱动。
22.一种组合设备的操作方法，所述设备包括，至少一个金属生产装置组，利用至少一路空气流；至少一个空气分离装置组，从空气分离出气体，供应至少一路气体流到至少一个上述的金属生产装置组；本方法包括：提供并操作至少一个空气压缩装置组，以供应第一路压缩空气流到所述的金属生产装置组，并供应第二路空气流到所述空气分离装置组，而且，提供并操作至少一个压缩装置，将第二路空气流过度压缩，并且将该过度压缩的第二路空气流分成至少两路分别的空气流。
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DE69406895T2 (de) 1998-04-30
EP0653599B1 (fr) 1997-11-19
AU7770894A (en) 1995-05-18
USRE37014E1 (en) 2001-01-16
CN1105752A (zh) 1995-07-26
FR2712383B1 (fr) 1995-12-22
ES2109639T3 (es) 1998-01-16
KR950013628A (ko) 1995-06-15
EP0653599A1 (fr) 1995-05-17
KR100332078B1 (ko) 2002-11-27
CA2135568A1 (fr) 1995-05-13
AU685164B2 (en) 1998-01-15
CA2135568C (fr) 2005-10-11
FR2712383A1 (fr) 1995-05-19
ZA948834B (en) 1995-07-13
US5538534A (en) 1996-07-23
JPH07239193A (ja) 1995-09-12
DE69406895D1 (de) 1998-01-02

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