CN108077180A - 一种仔猪的养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种仔猪的养殖方法，属于猪养殖技术领域。包括哺乳期的养殖方法、补料期的养殖方法和育成期的养殖方法。本发明通过仔猪养殖的各阶段不同的饲料对仔猪进行喂养，能保证仔猪身体好，降低患病率，成活率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及猪养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种仔猪的养殖方法。
背景技术
仔猪的养殖过程主要分为哺乳期、补料期、育成期，而这三个阶段的饲养方式直接影响仔猪本身的体质。在不同阶段，仔猪所需要的营养、饲料量也是不一样的，因此各阶段的饲料类型及数量各不相同。而目前的仔猪的饲养方法，过于简单，不能根据仔猪所处的阶段对仔猪的喂养进行调整，造成仔猪在饲养过程中出现营养水平过高或过低，导致仔猪体制差，不利于仔猪生长，严重影响养殖户的养殖规模与经济效益。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的缺点，本发明提供一种仔猪的养殖方法，既能保证仔猪能进行很好的生长，又能显著降低仔猪断奶后患病率，提高成活率和日增重。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种仔猪的养殖方法，包括哺乳期的养殖方法、补料期的养殖方法和断奶期的养殖方法；所述哺乳期为初生至7日龄，所述补料期为8-30日龄，所述育成期为31-60日龄；
所述哺乳期的养殖方法为：仔猪出生后，2-4小时内通过人手协助每一只仔猪能吃上初乳，补给水分，在2-3天内要固定奶头,大的排后小的排前，出生2-3天内每头仔猪颈部注射100-150mg铁制剂、0.1%亚硒酸钠和维生素E合剂0.5ml/头；天冷时可在仔猪窝上吊红外光灯，出生1-4天温度控制在30-32℃,5-7天28-30℃； 仔猪出生后5-7天，在仔猪栏内设置补料栏，内设自动食槽和自动饮水器，在水中添加0.3%盐酸、电解质、维生素E、中草药水剂，喂食频率为4-6次/天。
所述补料期的养殖方法为：仔猪出生8-30日龄，温度控制在22-25℃，开始训练仔猪吃料，充分利用仔猪的嗅觉,味觉和触觉等,在地面上撒一些仔猪喜食的过渡期饲料，所述的过渡期饲料，由以下重量份原料混制而成：膨化玉米粉60-80份，豆粕10-20份，鱼粉2-4份，石粉0.8-2份，食盐0.1-0.5份， 乳清粉6-10份，乳糖6-10份，柠檬酸2-4份，山楂粉1-3份，陈皮粉1-3份，生物素0.01-0.03份，叶酸0.01-0.03份，维生素A0.001-0.006份，维生素D0.003-0.006份，维生素B0.004-0.006份。
所述育成期的养殖方法：仔猪在31-60日龄，温度控制在20-25℃，湿度以65％ -75％，断奶后在原圈里饲养仔猪3-4天后，按照0.2-0.4m2控制好饲养密度，喂食仔猪育成饲料，所述仔猪育成饲料，由以下重量份原料混制而成：膨化玉米粉60-80份，豆粕10-20份，柠檬酸2-4份，植物油3-5份，鸡肝粉10-16份，石粉0.8-2份，食盐0.2-0.6份，橙皮苷0.01-0.03份，生物素0.01-0.03份，叶酸0.01-0.03份，维生素A0.001-0.006份，益生素0.003-0.006份，维生素D0.003-0.006份，维生素B0.004-0.006份，维生素E0.003-0.006份，亚硒酸钠0.001-0.005份，白头翁散1-3份、黄柏1-3份，黄连1-3份。
进一步的，所述养殖方法中，仔猪出生后1-2天内直接饲喂益生素。
进一步的，所述养殖方法中，在哺乳期的养殖方法里补充中草药水剂，包含板蓝根、鱼腥草、甘草、山楂、麦芽、黄芪中的一种或多种。
进一步的，所述养殖方法中，由补料期饲料转为仔猪育成饲料时，应采取逐渐过渡的方法，一般以每天更换5％ -20％ 为宜，1周后可完全过渡到育成仔猪育成饲料。
进一步的，所述养殖方法中，应保证供给清洁充足的饮水，每头猪每天需水量约为其体重的10-12％左右。
进一步的，所述养殖方法中，植物油为豆油、椰子油、葵花籽油中的一种或多种。
进一步的，所述养殖方法中，定期对猪舍周围环境消毒，定期杀蚊虫和灭鼠，减少鼠害和疾病的产生。
本发明在仔猪哺乳期的养殖中，通过注射铁制剂、0.1%亚硒酸钠和维生素E合剂，预防贫血和白肌病的发生；采用膨化玉米粉，适当降低饲粮中蛋白质水平，可使肠道中的蛋白质腐败作用降低，减少消化道疾病。根据仔猪脂肪酸消化率较高的特点，在育成期饲料中加入油脂，满足仔猪能量的需要，断奶后因形成乳酸的乳糖来源不足，添加柠檬酸则有助于保持胃肠道内的酸度，激活消化酶，有利于有益细菌 (乳酸杆菌)的繁殖，提高消化能力。补充硒和维生素E参与机体的抗氧化防御体系，可增强仔猪的免疫力，降低断奶仔猪的死亡率，预防仔猪水肿病和肝营养不良的发生，减轻仔猪断奶应激。通过控制好仔猪舍温，可以减少仔猪应激，减少仔猪由于温度影响造成的拉稀和死亡，促进仔猪发育和日增重，提高饲料利用率和经济效益；通过对猪舍进行消毒，减少仔猪发病的概率。
白头翁散：具有清热解毒，燥湿杀虫、凉血止痢的功效。
鱼腥草：主含挥发油，癸酰乙醛鱼腥草素等多种成份，对各种致病杆菌、球菌、流感病毒、钩端螺旋体等有抑制抗菌作用，并能提高免疫调节功能。
山楂：具有促消化，滋润肠胃，促进肠子蠕动的功效。
乳清粉：具有乳香味，可诱导仔猪舔食。
黄芪：保护肠胃粘膜损失，抑制胶原增生。
有益效果：本发明通过仔猪养殖的各阶段不同的饲料对仔猪进行喂养，能保证仔猪身体好，降低患病率，成活率高。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种仔猪的养殖方法，包括哺乳期的养殖方法、补料期的养殖方法和育成期的养殖方法；所述哺乳期为初生至7日龄，所述补料期为8-30日龄，所述育成期为31-60日龄；
哺乳期的养殖方法为：仔猪出生后，2小时内通过人手协助每一只仔猪能吃上初乳，补给水分，在2天内要固定奶头,大的排后小的排前，出生2天内每头仔猪颈部注射100-150mg铁制剂、0.1%亚硒酸钠和维生素E合剂0.5ml/头；天冷时可在仔猪窝上吊红外光灯，出生1-4天温度控制在30-32℃,5-7天28-30℃； 仔猪出生后5-7天，在仔猪栏内设置补料栏，内设自动食槽和自动饮水器，在水中添加0.3%盐酸、电解质、维生素E、板蓝根、鱼腥草、甘草、山楂、麦芽、黄芪水剂，喂食频率为4-6次/天。
补料期的养殖方法为：仔猪出生8日龄，温度控制在22-25℃，开始训练仔猪吃料，充分利用仔猪的嗅觉,味觉和触觉等,在地面上撒一些仔猪喜食的过渡期饲料，由以下重量份原料混制而成：膨化玉米粉60份，豆粕10份，鱼粉2份，石粉0.8份，食盐0.1份， 乳清粉6份，乳糖6份，柠檬酸2份，山楂粉1份，陈皮粉1份，生物素0.01份，叶酸0.01份，维生素A0.001份，维生素D0.003份，维生素B0.004份。
所述育成期的养殖方法：仔猪在31日龄，温度控制在20-25℃，湿度以65％-75％，断奶后在原圈里饲养仔猪3-4天后，按照0.2-0.4m2控制好饲养密度，喂食仔猪育成饲料，由以下重量份原料混制而成：膨化玉米粉60份，豆粕10份，柠檬酸2份，植物油3份，鸡肝粉10份，石粉0.8份，食盐0.2份，橙皮苷0.01份，生物素0.01份，叶酸0.01份，维生素A0.001份，益生素0.003份，维生素D0.003份，维生素B0.004份，维生素E0.003份，亚硒酸钠0.001份，白头翁散1份、黄柏1份，黄连1份。
上述仔猪的养殖方法中，仔猪出生后1-2天内直接饲喂益生素，由补料期饲料转为仔猪育成饲料时，应采取逐渐过渡的方法，一般以每天更换5％ 一20％ 为宜，1周后可完全过渡到育成仔猪育成饲料，保证供给清洁充足的饮水，每头猪每天需水量约为其体重的10-12％左右。定期对猪舍周围环境消毒，定期杀蚊虫和灭鼠，减少鼠害和疾病的产生。
实施例2
一种仔猪的喂养方法，具体如下：包括哺乳期的养殖方法、补料期的养殖方法和育成期的养殖方法；所述哺乳期为初生至7日龄，所述补料期为8-30日龄，所述育成期为31-60日龄；
所述哺乳期的养殖方法为：仔猪出生后， 4小时内通过人手协助每一只仔猪能吃上初乳，补给水分，在3天内要固定奶头,大的排后小的排前，出生3天内每头仔猪颈部注射100-150mg铁制剂、0.1%亚硒酸钠和维生素E合剂0.5ml/头；天冷时可在仔猪窝上吊红外光灯，出生1-4天温度控制在30-32℃,5-7天28-30℃； 仔猪出生后5-7天，在仔猪栏内设置补料栏，内设自动食槽和自动饮水器，在水中添加0.3%盐酸、电解质、维生素E、中草药水剂，喂食频率为4-6次/天。
所述补料期的养殖方法为：仔猪出生30日龄，温度控制在22-25℃，开始训练仔猪吃料，充分利用仔猪的嗅觉,味觉和触觉等,在地面上撒一些仔猪喜食的过渡期饲料，所述的过渡期饲料，由以下重量份原料混制而成：膨化玉米粉80份，豆粕20份，鱼粉4份，石粉2份，食盐0.5份， 乳清粉10份，乳糖10份，柠檬酸4份，山楂粉3份，陈皮粉3份，生物素0.03份，叶酸0.03份，维生素A0.006份，维生素D0.006份，维生素B0.006份。
所述育成期的养殖方法：仔猪在60日龄，温度控制在20-25℃，湿度以65％ -75％，断奶后在原圈里饲养仔猪3-4天后，按照0.2-0.4m2控制好饲养密度，喂食仔猪育成饲料，所述仔猪育成饲料，由以下重量份原料混制而成：膨化玉米粉80份，豆粕20份，柠檬酸4份，植物油5份，鸡肝粉16份，石粉2份，食盐0.6份，橙皮苷0.03份，生物素0.03份，叶酸0.03份，维生素A0.006份，益生素0.006份，维生素D0.006份，维生素B0.006份，维生素E0.006份，亚硒酸钠0.005份，白头翁散3份、黄柏3份，黄连3份。
上述仔猪的养殖方法中，仔猪出生后1-2天内直接饲喂益生素，由补料期饲料转为仔猪育成饲料时，应采取逐渐过渡的方法，一般以每天更换5％ 一20％ 为宜，1周后可完全过渡到育成仔猪育成饲料，保证供给清洁充足的饮水，每头猪每天需水量约为其体重的10-12％左右。定期对猪舍周围环境消毒，定期杀蚊虫和灭鼠，减少鼠害和疾病的产生。
本发明养殖效果分析：
选择同一批次、身体健康、管理环境和养殖方法一致的母猪10头和其刚出生的仔猪100头（每头母猪给10头猪仔），仔猪的平均体重为1-2kg，将母猪及其哺乳的仔猪随机分为2组，分别使用实施例1，实施例2的养殖方法，对照组采用平时的养殖方法，养殖结果见表1。
表1 仔猪养殖结果
Claims (7)
1.一种仔猪的养殖方法，其特征在于：包括哺乳期的养殖方法、补料期的养殖方法和育成期的养殖方法；所述哺乳期为初生至7日龄，所述补料期为8-30日龄，所述育成期为31-60日龄；
所述哺乳期的养殖方法为：仔猪出生后，2-4小时内通过人手协助每只仔猪能吃上初乳，补给水分，在2-3天内要固定奶头,大的排后小的排前，出生2-3天内每头仔猪颈部注射100-150mg铁制剂、0.1%亚硒酸钠和维生素E合剂0.5ml/头；天冷时可在仔猪窝上吊红外光灯，出生1-4天温度控制在30-32℃,5-7天28-30℃； 仔猪出生后5-7天，在仔猪栏内设置补料栏，内设自动食槽和自动饮水器，在水中添加0.3%盐酸、电解质、维生素E、中草药水剂，喂食频率为4-6次/天；
所述补料期的养殖方法为：仔猪出生8-30日龄，温度控制在22-25℃，开始训练仔猪吃料，充分利用仔猪的嗅觉,味觉和触觉等,在地面上撒一些仔猪喜食的过渡期饲料，所述的过渡期饲料，由以下重量份原料混制而成：膨化玉米粉60-80份，豆粕10-20份，鱼粉2-4份，石粉0.8-2份，食盐0.1-0.5份， 乳清粉6-10份，乳糖6-10份，柠檬酸2-4份，山楂粉1-3份，陈皮粉1-3份，生物素0.01-0.03份，叶酸0.01-0.03份，维生素A0.001-0.006份，维生素D0.003-0.006份，维生素B0.004-0.006份；
所述育成期的养殖方法：仔猪在31-60日龄，温度控制在20-25℃，湿度以65％ 一75％，断奶后在原圈里饲养仔猪3-4天后，按照0.2-0.4m2控制好饲养密度，喂食仔猪育成饲料，所述仔猪育成饲料，由以下重量份原料混制而成：膨化玉米粉60-80份，豆粕10-20份，柠檬酸2-4份，植物油3-5份，鸡肝粉10-16份，石粉0.8-2份，食盐0.2-0.6份，橙皮苷0.01-0.03份，生物素0.01-0.03份，叶酸0.01-0.03份，维生素A0.001-0.006份，益生素0.003-0.006份，维生素D0.003-0.006份，维生素B0.004-0.006份，维生素E0.003-0.006份，亚硒酸钠0.001-0.005份，白头翁散1-3份、黄柏1-3份，黄连1-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种仔猪的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述养殖方法中，仔猪出生后1-2天内直接饲喂益生素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种仔猪的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述养殖方法中，在哺乳期的养殖方法里补充中草药水剂，包含板蓝根、鱼腥草、甘草、山楂、麦芽、黄芪中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种仔猪的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述养殖方法中，由补料期饲料转为仔猪育成饲料时，应采取逐渐过渡的方法，一般以每天更换5％ -20％ 为宜，1周后可完全过渡到育成仔猪育成饲料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种仔猪的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述养殖方法中，应保证供给清洁充足的饮水，每头猪每天需水量约为其体重的10-12％左右。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种仔猪的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述养殖方法中，植物油为豆油、椰子油、葵花籽油中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种仔猪的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述养殖方法中，定期对猪舍周围环境消毒，定期杀蚊虫和灭鼠，减少鼠害和疾病的产生。
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| CN109452227A (zh) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | 一种提高断奶仔猪血清中丝氨酸含量的方法 |
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| CN109221008A (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-18 | 安徽徽名山农业股份有限公司 | 一种黑猪仔猪选育的方法 |
| CN109452227A (zh) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | 一种提高断奶仔猪血清中丝氨酸含量的方法 |
| CN110250107A (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-09-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | 富硒猪养殖技术 |
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