CN108074274A - BIM model real-time rendering method and devices based on browser - Google Patents
BIM model real-time rendering method and devices based on browser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of BIM model real-time rendering method and devices based on browser, method comprises the following steps：Send graphics calculations request；Request is received, and establishes the websocket of client and server；Processing request, and create calculated examples；Model is generated using calculated examples；Feedback model is to client, and preservation model；Rending model；Show the model after rendering.This programme is by handling BIM models in server end, and it carries out rendering displaying in browser, it is slow to solve online Rendering software rendering speed at present, the problem of high to computer performance requirement, the storage of all BIM models and calculating are all placed on cloud server to complete, client only needs to be rendered by browser, meets different user, in the demand rendered of different zones different time；In addition, user is while rendering effect true to nature is seen, it can be with the required parameter such as the geometry of real time inspection to component and physical message.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to BIM model rendering methods, especially relate to a kind of real-time wash with watercolours of BIM models based on browser
Dyeing method and device.
Background technology
BIM, full name are Building Information Model (Building Information Modeling) or architecture information management
(Building Information Management) be based on every relevant information data of construction-engineering project,
Three-dimensional buildings model is set up, passes through real information possessed by digital information analogue simulation building.It is complete with information
For property, information relevance, consistency on messaging, visualization, harmony, simulation, optimization property and eight big feature of figure can be gone out.
There are the scene and demand of a large amount of model renderings in architectural design or industrial design, and these model renderings at present
It is more demanding to capability of personal computers based on desktop software (such as 3ds MAX, Rhinoceros etc.), improves use indirectly
Cost；Based on desktop software, can not render online, the course of work if there is the problem of can not also link up in time；Moreover,
The model created by existing desktop software only has appearance body, there is no corresponding geometry and physical message, for model
Using being inconvenient；Meanwhile actual experience again excessively poor with visual effect, user can not to be given true to nature is rendered based on BIM.
Chinese patent 201510080592.7 discloses a kind of mobile terminal buildings model based on BIM and renders performance optimization
Method and system, method include：Light-weight technologg is carried out to the first BIM models, obtains the 3rd BIM models；In the 3rd BIM models
In only visible component in scene camera perspective is rendered.Weight reduction step includes：First BIM models are exported as second
BIM models, and preserve the component color material information of component in the first BIM models；The physical grid of 2nd BIM models is carried out
Simplify, and handle boundary representation, obtain the 3rd BIM models.BIM can not be rendered for solving mobile terminal hardware performance deficiency
The difficulty of model smooth can render BIM models without interim card in mobile terminal.
Above-mentioned technical side is by by BIM model lightweights, after rejecting visible model, carrying out level in mobile terminal and rendering
Realize the performance requirement reduced for rendering terminal, but can not be on the premise of reduction renders terminal, for complete BIM moulds
Type is fast and effectively rendered, and the program for relying on client is needed to be rendered.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a kind of BIM model real-time rendering methods based on browser, realize BIM modeling process
In calculating and render and be both placed in cloud server and handled and preserved, and terminal browser to BIM models into
Row renders, in the case where possessing network, can implementation model transfer and the online of BIM renders, solve desktop BIM and build
Mould software to the high performance requirements of computer, purchase cost is high, installation is complicated the problem of.
The content of the invention
The defects of in order to solve the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of BIM models based on browser
Real-time rendering method and device.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme is that：A kind of BIM models real-time rendering side based on browser
Method comprises the following steps：
Send graphics calculations request；
The request is received, and establishes the websocket of client and server；
The request is handled, and creates calculated examples；
Model is generated using the calculated examples；
The model is fed back to client, and preserves the model；
Render the model；
Show the model after rendering.
Further, it is described to render the model step, including,
WebGL based on three.js lower portions renders the model in client browser, renders
Journey considers curved surface, material and the coloring of the model.
Further, the model step after the displaying renders, including,
Material information is downloaded from server, creates the 3D scenes of emulation；
First person role is set, creates operation control；
Create global light；
Create local light；
Set corresponding tinter.
Further, the processing request, and calculated examples step is created, including,
Select proxy server；
Create calculated examples；
The ID where Distributor is returned using websocket.
Further, it is described to generate model step using the calculated examples, including,
Executive editor operates, and generates model meshes-triangular facet；
BIM data are handled using calculated examples, binding model grid-triangular facet is set up, and obtains model.
Further, the feedback model is to client, and the step of preserve the model, including,
Utilize websocket feedback models to client；
The file of the model is stored in file server.
The present invention also proposes a kind of BIM model real-time rendering devices based on browser, including transmitting element, establishes list
Member, creating unit, model generation unit, storage unit, display unit and rendering unit；
The transmitting element, for sending graphics calculations request；
It is described to establish unit, for receiving the request, and establish the websocket of client and server；
The creating unit for handling the request, and creates calculated examples；
The model generation unit, for generating model using the calculated examples；
The storage unit for feeding back the model to client, and preserves the model；
The rendering unit, for rendering the model；
The display unit, for showing the model after rendering.
Further, the rendering unit includes rendering module, and the rendering module is used for based in three.js frames
The WebGL in portion renders the model in client browser, render process consider the curved surface of the model, material and
Coloring；
The display unit includes emulation creation module, checks setting module, the first light creation module, the second light wound
Block and tinter setting module are modeled,
The emulation creation module for downloading material information from server, creates the 3D scenes of emulation；
It is described to check setting module, for setting first person role, create operation control；
The first light creation module, for creating global light；
The second light creation module, for creating local light；
The tinter setting module, for setting corresponding tinter.
Further, the creating unit includes selecting module, example creation module and ID return modules；
The selecting module, for selecting proxy server；
The example creation module, for creating calculated examples；
The ID returns to module, for returning to the ID where Distributor using websocket；
The model generation unit includes triangular facet generation module and sets up module,
The triangular facet generation module operates for executive editor, generates model meshes-triangular facet；
The establishment module, for handling BIM data using calculated examples, binding model grid-triangular facet is set up,
Obtain model.
Further, the storage unit includes model feedback module and file storage module；
The model feedback module, for utilizing websocket feedback models to client；
The file storage module, for the file of model to be stored in file server.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：By being handled in server end BIM models, and rendered in browser
Displaying solves the problem of that online Rendering software rendering speed is slow high to computer performance requirement at present, by all BIM models
Storage and calculating are all placed on cloud server completion, and browser only needs progress WebGL to render, substantially reduces computer
Performance also meets different user, in different zones, the demand rendered of different time；In addition, rendering based on BIM models
While solving the problems, such as that rendering middle component at present does not have geometry and physical message, it is more preferable to also provide rendering effect, and experience is more
Add the function of bore hole virtual reality true to nature so that user, can be with real time inspection to structure while rendering effect true to nature is seen
The required parameter such as the geometry of part and physical message.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart for the BIM model real-time rendering methods based on browser that the specific embodiment of the invention one provides；
Fig. 2 is the selection that the specific embodiment of the invention one provides and the particular flow sheet for creating calculated examples；
Fig. 3 is the particular flow sheet that model is generated using calculated examples that the specific embodiment of the invention one provides；
Fig. 4 is the particular flow sheet for the acquisition model that the specific embodiment of the invention one provides；
Fig. 5 is the particular flow sheet for the preservation model that the specific embodiment of the invention one provides；
Fig. 6 is the particular flow sheet of the model after the displaying that the specific embodiment of the invention one provides renders；
Fig. 7 is a kind of knot for BIM model real-time rendering devices based on browser that the specific embodiment of the invention two provides
Structure block diagram；
Fig. 8 is the structure chart for the creating unit that the specific embodiment of the invention two provides；
Fig. 9 is the structure chart for the model generation unit that the specific embodiment of the invention two provides；
Figure 10 is the structure chart for the establishment unit that the specific embodiment of the invention two provides；
Figure 11 is the structure chart for the storage unit that the specific embodiment of the invention two provides；
Figure 12 is the structure chart for the display unit that the specific embodiment of the invention two provides.
Specific embodiment
To illustrate the thought and purpose of the present invention, the present invention is done further below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments
Explanation.
BIM, full name are Building Information Model (Building Information Modeling) or architecture information management
(Building Information Management) be based on every relevant information data of construction-engineering project,
Three-dimensional buildings model is set up, passes through real information possessed by digital information analogue simulation building.It is complete with information
For property, information relevance, consistency on messaging, visualization, harmony, simulation, optimization property and eight big feature of figure can be gone out.
WebGL, English full name Web Graphics Library, are a kind of 3D drawing agreements, this drawing technique standard
Permission is combined together JavaScript and OpenGL ES 2.0, by one that increases OpenGL ES 2.0
JavaScript is bound, and WebGL can provide hardware 3D acceleration for HTML5Canvas and render, such web developer
Come to show 3D scenes and model more glibly in browser by system video card, moreover it is possible to create complicated navigation and data regard
Feelization.
Three.js is the 3D engines of a operation in a browser, you can create various three-dimensional scenics with it, including
The various objects such as video camera, shadow, material.
Specific embodiment as shown in Fig. 1~12, the BIM models real-time rendering side provided in this embodiment based on browser
Method render displaying by being handled in server end BIM models, and in browser, solves to render online at present soft
Part rendering speed is slow, and the problem of high is required to computer performance, and the storage of all BIM models and calculating are all placed on cloud service
Device is completed, and browser only needs progress WebGL to render, and substantially reduces the performance of computer, also meets different user, not
Same region, the demand rendered of different time；In addition, rendering also based on BIM models solves and renders middle component at present and do not have
It while geometry and physical message problem, also provides that rendering effect is more preferable, experiences the work(of more life-like bore hole virtual reality
It can so that user, can be with needed for the geometry of real time inspection to component and physical message etc. while rendering effect true to nature is seen
The parameter wanted.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiments providing the BIM model real-time rendering methods based on browser, this method includes：
S1, graphics calculations request is sent；
S2, request is received, and establishes the websocket of client and server；
S3, processing request, and create calculated examples；
S4, model is generated using calculated examples；
S5, feedback model to client, and preservation model；
S6, rending model；
S7, the model after rendering is shown.
It for above-mentioned S1 steps, is carried out in mobile terminal, i.e., the client that user holds, can be computer, tablet electricity
Brain or smart mobile phone etc., that is, can be by log-on webpage, conventional web page content of navigating can select mould from database
Type, and request is sent by webpage and calculates figure to the mobile terminal of cloud platform.
Specifically, webpage sends the request of graphics calculations by way of instruction, instruction here include object and its
Size attribute, relative position information, number of elements etc..
It is completed for above-mentioned S2 steps to S5 steps based on server of cloud platform end, client is not involved in, full
Sufficient user can in any place, any time, the demand of any equipment operation BIM softwares, solve conventional desktop BIM modeling
Software to the high performance requirements of computer (client), purchase cost is high, installation is complicated the problems such as, reduce user and carry out BIM
Model the instrument cost rendered.
Above-mentioned S2 steps are specifically that the front end Distributor in server is completed, and have received initial graphical user
After computation requests, the connection websocket of client and server is first established, which includes client and service
Operation connection between device.
Operation can specifically include：It checks the BIM models of cloud platform, browses BIM models, operation editor's 3D models are checked
With navigation 3D models, UI controls (toolbar, axis net) processing.
After establishing the connection websocket of client and server, it is also necessary to be distributed request.
Further, above-mentioned S3 steps handle the request, and the step of selection and establishment calculated examples, including
Step in detail below：
S31, selection proxy server；
S32, calculated examples are created；
S33, the ID where websocket return Distributors is utilized.
For above-mentioned S31 steps, since proxy server (module for namely calculating and rendering) number is more, because
This, when establishing model according to request, it is necessary to which an idle proxy server is selected to carry out calculating service.
For above-mentioned S32 steps, calculated examples are created, the processing of data and the group of model are carried out according to request content
It builds.
For above-mentioned S33 steps, the ID of Distributor is returned, that is, returns to specific driving and creates calculated examples institute
Server ID to client, when avoiding asking again, reacquire ID, ID caused to repeat and model creation is caused to occur
Failure the phenomenon that, and again ask when need not obtain ID be conducive to improve create efficiency.
Further, for above-mentioned S4 steps, the step of generating model using the calculated examples, including following tool
Body step：
S41, executive editor's operation, generate model meshes-triangular facet；
S42, BIM data are handled using calculated examples, binding model grid-triangular facet is set up, and obtains model.
For above-mentioned S41 steps, in graphics calculations request, the request of edit operation, executive editor behaviour can be all carried
Work and 3D model manipulations, you can generation model meshes-triangular facet, the model meshes-triangular facet are the basic of composition 3D models
Unit, the triangular facet being made of three points, then 3D models are formed by different triangular facets, in other words, triangular facet is exactly geometry
Body.Further, for above-mentioned S42 steps, BIM data, binding model grid-triangle are handled using calculated examples
The step of face is set up, acquisition model, including step in detail below：
S421, B-rep solids are created using stretching or boolean operation, and creates model curved surface, obtain 3D geometry kernels；
S422, establishment simultaneously store BIM elements, using BIM elements as BIM pels；
S423, according to model meshes-triangular facet, BIM projects are created from BIM elements, BIM projects are as BIM models.
Above-mentioned 3D models are completed using BIM modelings, then are BIM models.
For S421-S423 steps, the foundation of BIM models is 3D geometry kernels, therefore, is carried out to BIM models
, it is necessary to first obtain 3D geometry kernels during modeling, then further operating is carried out on the basis of 3D geometry kernels.
BIM pels namely build the basic element of BIM models, such as door, window, wall etc., are setting up the process of BIM elements
In, it is also necessary to the classification and the hierarchical relationship of race, each BIM pels for keeping BIM elements have the geometric representation of 2D/3D, Ke Yiyong
The mode of curved surface (Tessellation) stores BIM pels.
Position is determined according to model meshes-triangular facet, with reference to the BIM elements of foundation, BIM elements are correspondingly placed into model
Position determined by grid-triangular facet creates into BIM projects, obtains BIM models.
All calculating of BIM models and storage are all placed in cloud platform and are handled and preserved, and client is simply played the part of
The transmission of order and the effect of displaying are drilled, in any place for having network, can be completed with any intelligent terminal to heavy BIM
The requirement that software calculates, meets any place, and any time, the demand of any equipment operation BIM softwares solves conventional desktop
BIM modeling softwares to the high performance requirements of computer, purchase cost is high, installation is complicated the problems such as.
Further, for above-mentioned S5 steps, the model is fed back to client, and the step of preservation model, bag
Include step in detail below：
S51, websocket feedback models to client are utilized；
S52, the file of model is stored in file server.
Above-mentioned S51 steps, by established websocket feedback models to client, the user of client can be with
Other operations such as access by websocket implementation models.
And for above-mentioned S52 steps, file server includes model file () and FTP for storage model file in itself
Server, is opened with calculated examples when establishing model and computation model, and uploaded after model is established for calculated examples/under
Carry model file.
Storage model file is in order to for asking to download to model from file server by FTP during graphics calculations again
Proxy server, and the position that model file is stored is sent to calculated examples, to establish the connection of calculated examples and client,
Upon receiving a request, quickly calculated, improve modeling efficiency.
Separate database and file server storage model overall information, user information and model file in itself, mainly
It is for clearly dispatching path, accelerates model computing capability, if being all stored in database, can be led because model file is excessive
It causes scheduling and calculates slowly, separated database and file server can raising property in terms of data retrieval, backup, disaster tolerance
Energy and efficiency.
Further, above-mentioned S6 rending model steps, specifically include step S61:Based on three.js lower portions
WebGL the model is rendered in client browser, render process consider the curved surface of the model, material and
Color.
For above-mentioned steps S61, by the WebGL of three.js lower portions to BIM models in client browser
Real-time rendering is carried out, it considers curved surface, material, coloring etc. factor to real-time rendering process, and can be according to lamplight brightness
Variation, the variation of observation visual angle or member position movement render emulation again in real time to the progress of BIM models.
WebGL, English full name Web Graphics Library, are a kind of 3D drawing agreements, this drawing technique standard
Permission is combined together JavaScript and OpenGL ES 2.0, by one that increases OpenGL ES 2.0
JavaScript is bound, and WebGL can provide hardware 3D acceleration for HTML5Canvas and render, such web developer
Come to show 3D scenes and model more glibly in browser by system video card, moreover it is possible to create complicated navigation and data regard
Feelization.
For step S7, by adjusting first person different angle can be selected to open up the model after rendering
Show, and after the movement with the first person after BIM models (such as position of modification camera), the 3D scenes of BIM models can reappear
It renders, real-time animation/emulation is provided.Specific dynamic effect can also be provided in simulations：Such as beat opening/closing lamp (
This situation 3D scenes can recalculate) and some mobile components, for example opening-closing door is (in the corresponding algorithm offer of this situation
The modification of real-time door surface location and scene can be reappeared and rendered, provides real experience).Specifically, above-mentioned component can
Be emulate use when the component with certain degree of freedom, components such as door as escribed above, window or emulation uses
When irremovable component, such as components such as pillar, doorframe, lamp decoration or stair.Door or window are in emulation in use, can be around
Axis turns an angle, and when client emulate and rendered, user may need door or window to turn an angle, to check
Whole effect, the 3D scenes of such BIM models, which can reappear, to be rendered, and provides real-time animation/emulation, in that case, has
Corresponding algorithm provides the modification of real-time door/window surface location and scene can be reappeared and rendered, and provides real switch gate
Experience.And in another case, it may appear that in 3D models other do not possess degree of freedom component carry out movement namely compile
Volume BIM models, for example, mobile pillar position between floors or increase the quantity of pillar in building, such case,
The 3D scenes of BIM models, which can reappear, to be rendered, and provides real-time animation/emulation.
Specifically, carrying out the operations such as the angular intensity of ON/OFF lamp or conciliation light in emulation, BIM can be directly changed
The surface brightness of model, the contrast between shadow positions, surface color and different component, at this time 3D scenes can count again
It calculates, that is, the 3D scenes of BIM models can be reappeared and rendered, real-time animation/emulation is provided.Specifically
Comprise the following steps with reference to Fig. 6, specific step S7：
S71, material information is downloaded from server, creates the 3D scenes of emulation.
S72, setting first person role create operation control.
S73, global light is created.
S74, local light is created.
S75, the corresponding tinter of setting.
For step S71, material information is one kind of BIM primitive informations, and that includes the textures and material that BIM models use
Matter parameter, the rendering effect that different textures and material parameters finally obtain are different, it is therefore desirable to according to textures and material parameters
Create the 3D scenes of emulation.
Specifically, textures are divided into Bump Mapping, self-luminous textures, normal map, transparent textures etc., each textures all has
Different effect reactions, such as：Bump Mapping can be by after processing that electromechanical pipeline renders so that bumps can be presented in the surface of object
Uneven effect；Roughness textures are by the texture of the metallicity of material surface so that object roughness is more obvious.Such as：When
By Map Channel, by both textures in the form of jpg format pictures, import and as textures material on component, then
Roughness textures can allow component to have a coarse effect, and Bump Mapping concave-convex position can be allowed to present more obvious, both patches
Figure can allow coarse object (stone, brick, leather etc.) that can seem in detail truer exquisiteness.The setting of material can reach
Model component can have more real effect, and the miscellaneous function formed, property parameters, UV in the different textures of setting are joined
Number, angle etc. realize purpose, such as：After textures are imported, the property parameters such as concave-convex ratio, refractive index, ambient intensity are set,
It then can mutually tackle the productions such as the coarse reaction of material, the power that the refraction effect influenced on light source and environment generate material
Changing, material can change the effect finally presented according to parameter is set a property, set exhibition UV parameters therewith, can be by textures
Tiling expansion so that textures more unfold naturally, set angle parameter, textures can be gone rotation angle with 360 degree, change
The mode that textures are shown.
For step S72, the control of first person role's angle is controlled by the button of keyboard, such as " W, A, S, D " key
Or the upper and lower, left and right key of keyboard, and view roaming is carried out with the visual angle of people, while use " page up " and " page
Down " adjusts angular height, and " Q, E " carry out left and right revolved view, and middle button of mouse carries out looking around view to control first person angle
The visual angle of color it is of course also possible to be realized above-mentioned function using other buttons, can specifically be set according to user's use habit
It puts.After the angle of first person role changes, for example the position of modification camera carries out view roaming, entire 3D scenes meeting
Again render, real-time animation/emulation is provided.
For step S73, global light can be ambient light or directional light (sunlight).Ambient light is the related model of setting
Ambient light, this is non-direct light source；Directional light is the source of parallel light (sunlight) of scene set, this is direct light source.Its
The azimuth and inclination angle of middle directional light directly determine position and effect of the simulated solar light source in entire scene in directional light
Fruit.Azimuth represents first angle of position of sun, that is, the position of direct light source (can be with simulated solar in one day
The angle of random time), inclination angle represents second angle of position of sun, it is believed that is " north " or " south ".Ambient light peace
Row light can be gone in simulation real-life by setting the intensity of light source, light source colour and shade, the reaction that the sun generates object,
The final display effect of simulated solar irradiation directly affects the roaming experience of entire project.
For step S74, local light includes spotlight and point light source.Local light source is light source produced by lamps and lanterns model,
It is generally used for indoor more, spotlight emits light source in the form of tapered to the position of irradiation current, and light source is then with the shape of dot
Formula emits light source around, can be to current environment or component, mould then by setting light source form, the intensity of light source, shade radius
Intend real living space.Such as：Light is selected while lamps and lanterns model is placed in house type, then light can be to neighbouring model
Component generates shade, and spotlight can generate the object that can currently irradiate shade, and the object that point light source then can be all to surrounding
Shade can be all generated, they determine the light source form and shadow effect that light source finally generates object, then set the intensity of light source
Determine the strong of the generated light of light source irradiation object, setting shade radius decision light is big to the scope for the shade that object generates
It is small, when this kind of operation can to roam indoors, the quality that emulation renders is promoted, the roaming body with real-life
It tests.
For step S75, ambient light such as is created by specific tinter (calculation procedure of GPU equipment) and is covered specifically
The position of the sky sun in simulated effect or emulation.For describe object and object intersect or close to when block and around overflow
The effect of reflection light, solve or improve light leak, float with shade it is unreal the problems such as, improve scene in gap, fold and corner, angle
The unintelligible problem of performance of line, dark portion shade and small objects etc..
On the basis of this, specific dynamic effect can also be provided in simulations：For example opening/closing lamp is played, it is specially
The lighting apparatus placed in model scene, in roaming, left mouse button clicks on the light source that can close lighting apparatus, again taps on,
It can then open, while 3D scenes can be recalculated in that case；Or some mobile components, such as opening-closing door,
In the case of this, corresponding algorithm provides the modification of real-time door surface location and scene can be reappeared and rendered, and provides real
Experience.
Specifically, BIM models are designed by designer using BIM softwares, and include the design side of BIM model datas
Case model.BIM model datas include：Geometry kernel information, BIM primitive informations and BIM model informations.Geometry kernel includes
The parameters such as the shape of BIM model components, size, size；BIM pels include the physical parameter of BIM model components, such as material, position
It puts relation, logical relation and reduces relation etc.；BIM models, the BIM projects of establishment, that is, the Project design BIM schemes integrated.
Corresponding BIM model datas are sent back client by server end by WebSocket, and are shown on a web browser
It checks to user, and for the editor continued and checks.Include the geometry and physical message of component in BIM model datas, because
While this rendering also based on BIM models solves the problems, such as that rendering middle component at present does not have geometry and physical message, also provide
Rendering effect is more preferable, experiences the function of more life-like bore hole virtual reality so that user is seeing rendering effect true to nature
It meanwhile can be with the required parameter such as the geometry of real time inspection to component and physical message.
A kind of concrete application process of the present invention of this proposition below：
Designer is designed in the design process using BIM softwares, and builds the design side for including BIM model datas
Case model, the BIM model datas include geometry kernel information, BIM primitive informations and BIM model informations.Geometry kernel includes
The parameters such as the shape of BIM model components, size, size；BIM pels include the physical parameter of BIM model components, such as material, position
It puts relation, logical relation and reduces relation etc.；BIM models, the BIM projects of establishment, that is, the Project design BIM schemes integrated.
By this BIM model data store in file server, by the way that the curved surface of model component is downloaded from server end
Into the client browser of designer, after then designer is switched to emulation page, follow-up rendering is carried out.
Specifically, storage model file in file server, database storage model overall information, user information etc..Point
It opens database and file server storage model overall information, user information and model file in itself, is mainly used for clearly
Dispatch path, accelerate model computing capability, separated database and file server in terms of data retrieval, backup, disaster tolerance all
Performance and efficiency can be improved.
All calculating of BIM models and storage are all placed in cloud platform and are handled and preserved, and client is simply played the part of
The transmission of order and the effect of displaying are drilled, in any place for having network, the BIM moulds of needs can be downloaded with any intelligent terminal
Type data are shown and render.
Identical BIM models use in 3D modeling as emulation, and special data is not required to translate/convert, is directly existed
Directly the execution of BIM models is rendered using WebGL in web browser, i.e., after model is created, emulation wash with watercolours can be directly switch into
Scene is contaminated, is directly viewable the true effect of model rendering, process is simple, low to the performance of client.
It is set forth below the execution of BIM models is rendered using WebGL in a browser after the concrete application scene that shows：
A, the 3D scenes of emulation are created：From server end download BIM models material information, material information include textures and
Then the setting of material creates the 3D scenes of emulation using material information.
B, first person role and light are created：A first person role is set, creates specific control, is created global
Light, create local light.
C, screening effect is created：By specific tinter for create as ambient light cover specific simulated effect or
Emulate the position of the sky sun.
The above process is adjusted by carrying out Simulation Control, dynamic simulation and effect of visualization to BIM models, and to rendering
The real-time visual of BIM models afterwards is namely shown.Above-mentioned all establishment processes are carried out by three.js frames
It renders, three.js frames are based on its internal WebGL, the curved surface of BIM models, material render process can be more preferably the considerations of
The special-effects such as matter and coloring.
This programme carries out rendering displaying by handling BIM models in server end, and in the browser of client,
Solve the problem of at present online Rendering software rendering speed it is slow computer performance is required it is high, by the storage of all BIM models and
Calculating is all placed on cloud server completion, and browser only needs progress WebGL to render, substantially reduces the performance of computer,
Also different user is met, in different zones, the demand rendered of different time；In addition, it is also solved based on rendering for BIM models
While rendering middle component at present does not have geometry and physical message problem, it is more preferable to also provide rendering effect, and experience is more life-like
Bore hole virtual reality function so that user, can be with real time inspection to the several of component while rendering effect true to nature is seen
The required parameter such as what and physical message.
As shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment additionally provides the BIM model real-time rendering devices based on browser, including sending
Unit 1 establishes unit 2, creating unit 3, model generation unit 4, storage unit 5, rendering unit 6 and display unit 7.
Transmitting element 1, for sending graphics calculations request.
Unit 2 is established, is asked for receiving, and establishes the websocket of client and server.
Creating unit 3 asks for handling, and creates calculated examples.
Model generation unit 4, for generating model using calculated examples.
Storage unit 5, for feedback model to client, and preservation model.
Rendering unit 6, for rending model.
Display unit 7, for showing the model after rendering.
It is carried out in mobile terminal, i.e., the client that user holds, can be computer, tablet computer or smart mobile phone etc.,
Namely can be by log-on webpage, conventional web page content of navigating, can from database preference pattern, transmitting element 1 it is specific
It is to send request by webpage to calculate figure to cloud platform.
Specifically, webpage sends the request of graphics calculations by way of instruction, instruction here include object and its
Size attribute, relative position information, number of elements etc..
Above-mentioned establishes unit 2, creating unit 3, model generation unit 4 and feedback unit 5 based on cloud platform
In server end, client is not involved in, meet user can in any place, any time, any equipment operation BIM softwares
It is multiple to the high performance requirements, purchase cost height, installation of computer (client) to solve conventional desktop BIM modeling softwares for demand
The problems such as miscellaneous, reduces user and carries out the instrument cost that BIM modelings render.
It is specifically in the front end Distributor in server to establish unit 2, and having received initial graphical user calculating please
After asking, the connection websocket of client and server is first established, which includes between client and server
Operation connection, specifically include：Check the CAD of cloud platform, 3D models of checking and navigate, UI controls (toolbar, axis net) processing.
After establishing the connection websocket of client and server, it is also necessary to be distributed request, distribution request to one
The conventional web page contents of a available HTTP server processing and establishment calculated examples.
Further, with reference to Fig. 8, above-mentioned creating unit 3 includes selecting module 32, example creation module 33 and ID
Return to module 34.
Selecting module 32, for selecting proxy server.
Example creation module 33, for creating calculated examples.
ID returns to module 34, for returning to the ID where Distributor using websocket.
Since proxy server (module for namely calculating and rendering) number is more, it is established according to request
, it is necessary to using selecting module 32 proxy server be selected to carry out calculating service during model.
Example creation module 33 creates calculated examples, is the group for the processing and model that data are carried out according to request content
It builds.
ID returns to the ID that module 34 returns to Distributor, is to return to the specific server for driving and creating where calculated examples
ID to client, when avoiding asking again, reacquire ID, ID caused to repeat and causes what failing occurred in model creation to show
As, and again ask when need not obtain ID be conducive to improve create efficiency.
With reference to Fig. 9, in addition, above-mentioned model generation unit 4 includes triangular facet generation module 41 and sets up module 42.
Triangular facet generation module 41 operates for executive editor, generates model meshes-triangular facet.
Module 42 is set up, for handling BIM data using calculated examples, binding model grid-triangular facet is set up, obtained
Modulus type.
In graphics calculations request, the request of edit operation, executive editor's operation and 3D model manipulations can be all carried,
Model meshes-triangular facet is generated using triangular facet generation module 41, which is the base for forming 3D models
Our unit, the triangular facet being made of three points, then 3D models are formed by different triangular facets, in other words, triangular facet is exactly several
What shape.
Further, with reference to Figure 10, above-mentioned establishment module 42 includes kernel acquisition module 421, BIM pels obtain mould
Block 422 and model acquisition module 423.
Kernel acquisition module 421 for stretching or boolean operation to be used to create B-rep solids, and creates model curved surface, obtains
Take 3D geometry kernels.
BIM pels acquisition module 422, for setting up and storing BIM elements, using BIM elements as BIM pels.
Model acquisition module 423, for according to model meshes-triangular facet, creating BIM projects from BIM elements, BIM
Mesh is as BIM models.
Above-mentioned 3D models are completed using BIM modelings, then are BIM models.
Kernel acquisition module 421 is mainly the foundation -3D geometry kernels for creating BIM models, therefore, to BIM moulds
, it is necessary to first obtain 3D geometry kernels when type is modeled, then carry out further operating on the basis of 3D geometry kernels.
BIM pels acquisition module 422 mainly creates BIM pels, and BIM pels namely build the substantially first of BIM models
Element, such as door, window, wall etc., during BIM elements are set up, it is also necessary to the classification of BIM elements and the level of race be kept to close
System, each BIM pels have the geometric representation of 2D/3D, can store BIM pels with the mode of curved surface (Tessellation).
Model acquisition module 423 determines position according to model meshes-triangular facet, with reference to the BIM elements of foundation, by BIM members
Element be correspondingly placed into model meshes-triangular facet determined by position, create into BIM projects, obtain BIM models.
Further, with reference to Figure 11, above-mentioned storage unit 5 includes model feedback module 51, data memory module 52
And file storage module 53.
Model feedback module 51, for utilizing websocket feedback models to client.
File storage module 53, for the file of model to be stored in file server.
For model feedback module 51 by established websocket feedback models to client, the user of client can be with
Other operations such as access by websocket implementation models.
File storage module 53 is that the file of model is stored in file server, and file server includes model file
(storage model file is in itself) and ftp server, are opened with calculated examples when establishing model and computation model, and based on
Calculate example upload/download model file after model is established.
Separate database and file server storage model overall information, user information and model file in itself, mainly
It is for clearly dispatching path, accelerates model computing capability, if being all stored in database, can be led because model file is excessive
It causes scheduling and calculates slowly, separated database and file server can raising property in terms of data retrieval, backup, disaster tolerance
Energy and efficiency.
Further, rendering unit 6 further includes rendering module, and rendering module is used for based on three.js lower portions
WebGL renders the model in client browser, render process consider the curved surface of the model, material and
Color.
BIM models are rendered by the WebGL of three.js lower portions in client browser, render process
It considers curved surface, material, coloring etc. factor, and can be according to the variation of lamplight brightness, the variation of observation visual angle or structure
The movement of part position renders emulation again in real time to the progress of BIM models.
For display unit 7, can by adjust first person select different angle to the model after rendering into
Row displaying, and after the movement with the first person after BIM models, the 3D scene meetings of (such as position of modification camera) BIM models
Reproduction renders, and provides real-time animation/emulation.Specific dynamic effect can also be provided in simulations：For example play opening/closing lamp
(can be recalculated in this situation 3D scenes) and some mobile components, such as opening-closing door (are carried in the corresponding algorithm of this situation
Modification and scene for real-time door surface location, which can reappear, to be rendered, and provides real experience).
Specifically, above-mentioned component can be emulate use when the component with certain degree of freedom, door as escribed above,
Window irremovable component when components or emulation use, such as the components such as pillar, doorframe, lamp decoration or stair.Door
Or window in emulation in use, can be with pivoting certain angle, when client carries out emulation and renders, user may need
Door or window turn an angle, and to check whole effect, the 3D scenes of such BIM models, which can reappear, to be rendered, and provide in real time
Animation/emulation, in that case, there is modification and scene that corresponding algorithm provides real-time door/window surface location
It can reappear and render, real switch gate experience is provided.And in another case, it may appear that in 3D models other do not possess
Degree of freedom component carry out it is mobile namely edit BIM models, for example, mobile pillar position between floors or increase is built
The quantity of pillar in object is built, such case, the 3D scenes of BIM models, which can reappear, to be rendered, and provides real-time animation/emulation.
Specifically, carrying out the operations such as the angular intensity of ON/OFF lamp or conciliation light in emulation, BIM can be directly changed
The surface brightness of model, the contrast between shadow positions, surface color and different component, at this time 3D scenes can count again
It calculates, that is, the 3D scenes of BIM models can be reappeared and rendered, real-time animation/emulation is provided.
With reference to Figure 12, display unit includes emulation creation module 71, checks setting module 72, the first light creation module
73rd, the second light creation module 74 and tinter setting module 75.
Creation module 71 is emulated, for downloading material information from server, creates the 3D scenes of emulation.
It checks setting module 72, for setting first person role, creates operation control.
First light creation module 73, for creating global light.
Second light creation module 74, for creating local light.
Tinter setting module 75, for setting corresponding tinter.
For emulating creation module 71, material information is one kind of BIM primitive informations, is used that includes BIM models
Textures and material parameters, rendering effect that different textures and material parameters finally obtain are different, it is therefore desirable to according to textures and
Material parameters create the 3D scenes of emulation.
Specifically, textures are divided into Bump Mapping, self-luminous textures, normal map, transparent textures etc., each textures all has
Different effect reactions, such as：Bump Mapping can be by after processing that electromechanical pipeline renders so that bumps can be presented in the surface of object
Uneven effect；Roughness textures are by the texture of the metallicity of material surface so that object roughness is more obvious.Such as：When
By Map Channel, by both textures in the form of jpg format pictures, import and as textures material on component, then
Roughness textures can allow component to have a coarse effect, and Bump Mapping concave-convex position can be allowed to present more obvious, both patches
Figure can allow coarse object (stone, brick, leather etc.) that can seem in detail truer exquisiteness.The setting of material can reach
Model component can have more real effect, and the miscellaneous function formed, property parameters, UV in the different textures of setting are joined
Number, angle etc. realize purpose, such as：After textures are imported, the property parameters such as concave-convex ratio, refractive index, ambient intensity are set,
It then can mutually tackle the productions such as the coarse reaction of material, the power that the refraction effect influenced on light source and environment generate material
Changing, material can change the effect finally presented according to parameter is set a property, set exhibition UV parameters therewith, can be by textures
Tiling expansion so that textures more unfold naturally, set angle parameter, textures can be gone rotation angle with 360 degree, change
The mode that textures are shown.
For checking setting module 72, the control of first person role's angle is controlled by the button of keyboard, such as " W, A,
The upper and lower, left and right key of S, D " key or keyboard, and view roaming is carried out with the visual angle of people, at the same use " page up " and
" page down " adjusts angular height, and " Q, E " carry out left and right revolved view, and middle button of mouse carries out looking around view to control first
People claims the visual angle of role, it is of course also possible to realize above-mentioned function using other buttons, specifically can use habit according to user
It is used to set.After the angle of first person role changes, for example the position of modification camera carries out view roaming, 3D entire
Scape can render again, provide real-time animation/emulation.
For the first light creation module 73, global light can be ambient light or directional light (sunlight).Ambient light is
Ambient light in relation to model is set, this is non-direct light source；Directional light is the source of parallel light (sunlight) of scene set, this is
Direct light source.The wherein azimuth of directional light and inclination angle directly determines simulated solar light source in entire scene in directional light
Position and effect.Azimuth represents first angle of position of sun, that is, the position of direct light source (can be with simulated solar
The angle of random time in one day), inclination angle represents second angle of position of sun, it is believed that is " north " or " south ".
Ambient light and directional light can be gone in simulation real-life, the sun produces object by setting the intensity of light source, light source colour and shade
Raw reaction, the final display effect of simulated solar irradiation directly affect the roaming experience of entire project.
For the second light creation module 74, local light includes spotlight and point light source.Local light source is lamps and lanterns model
Produced light source, is generally used for indoor more, and spotlight emits light source in the form of tapered to the position of irradiation current, and light source is then
Emit light source around in the form of dot, it, can be to working as front ring then by setting light source form, the intensity of light source, shade radius
Border or component simulate real living space.Such as：Light is selected while lamps and lanterns model is placed in house type, then light meeting
Shade is generated to neighbouring model component, spotlight can generate shade to the object that can currently irradiate, and point light source then can be to four
The object of Zhou Suoyou can all generate shade, they determine the light source form and shadow effect that light source finally generates object, then
The intensity of light source is set to determine the strong of the generated light of light source irradiation object, shade radius is set to determine what light generated object
The range size of shade when this kind of operation can to roam indoors, promotes the quality that emulation renders, and has true raw
Roaming experience living.
For tinter setting module 75, such as ambient light is created by specific tinter (calculation procedure of GPU equipment)
Cover the position of the sky sun in specific simulated effect or emulation.For describe object and object intersect or close to when
Block the effect of diffusing reflection light around, solve or improve light leak, float with shade it is unreal the problems such as, improve gap, pleat in scene
The unintelligible problem of performance of wrinkle and corner, linea angulata, dark portion shade and small objects etc..
On the basis of this, specific dynamic effect can also be provided in simulations：For example opening/closing lamp is played, it is specially
The lighting apparatus placed in model scene, in roaming, left mouse button clicks on the light source that can close lighting apparatus, again taps on,
It can then open, while 3D scenes can be recalculated in that case；Or some mobile components, such as opening-closing door,
In the case of this, corresponding algorithm provides the modification of real-time door surface location and scene can be reappeared and rendered, and provides real
Experience.
Specifically, BIM models are designed by designer using BIM softwares, and include the design side of BIM model datas
Case model.BIM model datas include：Geometry kernel information, BIM primitive informations and BIM model informations.Geometry kernel includes
The parameters such as the shape of BIM model components, size, size；BIM pels include the physical parameter of BIM model components, such as material, position
It puts relation, logical relation and reduces relation etc.；BIM models, the BIM projects of establishment, that is, the Project design BIM schemes integrated.
Corresponding BIM model datas are sent back client by server end by WebSocket, and are shown on a web browser
It checks to user, and for the editor continued and checks.Include the geometry and physical message of component in BIM model datas, because
While this rendering also based on BIM models solves the problems, such as that rendering middle component at present does not have geometry and physical message, also provide
Rendering effect is more preferable, experiences the function of more life-like bore hole virtual reality so that user is seeing rendering effect true to nature
It meanwhile can be with the required parameter such as the geometry of real time inspection to component and physical message.
A kind of concrete application process of the rendering unit 6 of the present invention of this proposition below：
Designer is designed in the design process using BIM softwares, and builds the designing scheme mould comprising BIM data
Type, the BIM model datas include the designing scheme model of model data, which includes geometry kernel information, BIM
Primitive information and BIM model informations.Geometry kernel includes the parameters such as the shape of BIM model components, size, size；BIM pels
Include the physical parameter of BIM model components, such as material, position relationship and reduces relation etc. at logical relation；BIM models, establishment
BIM projects, that is, the Project design BIM schemes integrated.By this BIM model data store in file server, by by model
The curved surface of component is from the client browser that server end downloads to designer, and then designer is switched to emulation page
Afterwards, follow-up rendering is carried out.
Specifically, storage model file in file server, database storage model overall information, user information etc..Point
It opens database and file server storage model overall information, user information and model file in itself, is mainly used for clearly
Dispatch path, accelerate model computing capability, separated database and file server in terms of data retrieval, backup, disaster tolerance all
Performance and efficiency can be improved.
All calculating of BIM models and storage are all placed in cloud platform and are handled and preserved, and client is simply played the part of
The transmission of order and the effect of displaying are drilled, in any place for having network, the BIM moulds of needs can be downloaded with any intelligent terminal
Type data are shown and render.
Identical BIM models use in 3D modeling as emulation, and special data is not required to translate/convert, is directly existed
Directly the execution of BIM models is rendered using WebGL in web browser, i.e., after model is created, emulation wash with watercolours can be directly switch into
Scene is contaminated, is directly viewable the true effect of model rendering, process is simple, low to the performance of client.
Specifically, being rendered the process of displaying to the execution of BIM models using WebGL in a browser is included：
A, the 3D scenes of emulation are created：From server end download BIM models material information, material information include textures and
Then the setting of material creates the 3D scenes of emulation using material information.
B, first person role and light are created：A first person role is set, creates specific control, is created global
Light, create local light (spotlight and point light source).
C, screening effect is created：By specific tinter for create as ambient light cover specific simulated effect or
Emulate the position of the sky sun.
The displaying process that renders of display unit 7 is by carrying out Simulation Control, dynamic simulation and visualization to BIM models
Effect is adjusted, and is carried out real-time visual come BIM models by display unit and namely shown.Above-mentioned all establishment processes are all
It is rendered by three.js frames, three.js frames, can be more preferable in render process based on its internal WebGL
The considerations of BIM models curved surface, material and coloring etc. special-effects.
This programme carries out rendering displaying by handling BIM models in server end, and in the browser of client,
Solve the problem of at present online Rendering software rendering speed it is slow computer performance is required it is high, by the storage of all BIM models and
Calculating is all placed on cloud server completion, and browser only needs progress WebGL to render, substantially reduces the performance of computer,
Also different user is met, in different zones, the demand rendered of different time；In addition, it is also solved based on rendering for BIM models
While rendering middle component at present does not have geometry and physical message problem, it is more preferable to also provide rendering effect, and experience is more life-like
Bore hole virtual reality function so that user, can be with real time inspection to the several of component while rendering effect true to nature is seen
The required parameter such as what and physical message.
It is above-mentioned only with embodiment come the technology contents that further illustrate the present invention, in order to which reader is easier to understand, but not
It represents embodiments of the present invention and is only limitted to this, any technology done according to the present invention extends or recreation, by the present invention's
Protection.Protection scope of the present invention is subject to claims.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. BIM model real-time rendering methods based on browser, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：Send graphics calculations request；The request is received, and establishes the websocket of client and server；The request is handled, and creates calculated examples；Model is generated using the calculated examples；The model is fed back to client, and preserves the model；Render the model；Show the model after rendering.
- 2. the BIM model real-time rendering methods based on browser as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to render institute Model step is stated, including,WebGL based on three.js lower portions renders the model in client browser, and render process is examined Consider curved surface, material and the coloring of the model.
- 3. the BIM model real-time rendering methods based on browser as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the displaying wash with watercolours The model step after dye, including,Material information is downloaded from server, creates the 3D scenes of emulation；First person role is set, creates operation control；Create global light；Create local light；Set corresponding tinter.
- 4. the BIM model real-time rendering methods based on browser as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the processing institute Request is stated, and creates calculated examples step, including,Select proxy server；Create calculated examples；The ID where Distributor is returned using websocket.
- 5. the BIM model real-time rendering methods based on browser as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to utilize institute Calculated examples generation model step is stated, including,Executive editor operates, and generates model meshes-triangular facet；BIM data are handled using calculated examples, binding model grid-triangular facet is set up, and obtains model.
- 6. the BIM model real-time rendering methods based on browser stated such as claim 5, which is characterized in that described in the feedback Model is to client, and the step of preserve the model, including,Utilize websocket feedback models to client；The file of the model is stored in file server.
- 7. a kind of BIM model real-time rendering devices based on browser, which is characterized in that including transmitting element, establish unit, wound Build unit, model generation unit, storage unit, display unit and rendering unit；The transmitting element, for sending graphics calculations request；It is described to establish unit, for receiving the request, and establish the websocket of client and server；The creating unit for handling the request, and creates calculated examples；The model generation unit, for generating model using the calculated examples；The storage unit for feeding back the model to client, and preserves the model；The rendering unit, for rendering the model；The display unit, for showing the model after rendering.
- 8. the BIM model real-time rendering devices based on browser as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that described to render list Member includes rendering module,The rendering module, for the WebGL based on three.js lower portions in client browser to the model into Row renders, and render process considers curved surface, material and the coloring of the model；The display unit includes emulation creation module, checks that setting module, the first light creation module, the second light create mould Block and tinter setting module,The emulation creation module for downloading material information from server, creates the 3D scenes of emulation；It is described to check setting module, for setting first person role, create operation control；The first light creation module, for creating global light；The second light creation module, for creating local light；The tinter setting module, for setting corresponding tinter.
- 9. the BIM model real-time rendering devices based on browser as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that described to create list Member includes selecting module, example creation module and ID and returns to module；The selecting module, for selecting proxy server；The example creation module, for creating calculated examples；The ID returns to module, for returning to the ID where Distributor using websocketThe model generation unit includes triangular facet generation module and sets up module,The triangular facet generation module operates for executive editor, generates model meshes-triangular facet；The establishment module, for handling BIM data using calculated examples, binding model grid-triangular facet is set up, and is obtained Model.
- 10. the BIM model real-time rendering devices based on browser as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the storage is single Member includes model feedback module and file storage module；The model feedback module, for utilizing websocket feedback models to client；The file storage module, for the file of model to be stored in file server.
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