CN108072699A - A kind of Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology - Google Patents
A kind of Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN108072699A CN108072699A CN201711271833.1A CN201711271833A CN108072699A CN 108072699 A CN108072699 A CN 108072699A CN 201711271833 A CN201711271833 A CN 201711271833A CN 108072699 A CN108072699 A CN 108072699A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0231—Composite or layered materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Acoustic Emission location detection methods based on sound and vibration technology, comprise the following steps：（1）Determine that knocking propagates the maximum propagation distance for clear signal attenuation do not occur in material is detected first；（2）Arrangement probe, each sound and vibration point is made, which to be spatially connected with each other with the test point of row's detection zone and another row's detection zone test point adjacent thereto where it respectively, can form three Delta Regions being connected side by side；Probe is respectively mounted on each test point；（3）It is hammered into shape and tapped with sound and vibration in sound and vibration point, gather signal；With reference to adjacent Delta Region signal is compared, differentiate that detection zone whether there is defect by the difference of signal index.The present invention is by designing sound and vibration hammer, and have studied the reasonable Arrangement mode of sensor, pumping signal is generated in a manner that sound and vibration hammers directly percussion detected member into shape, defect is intuitively judged whether by sensor reception signal and is positioned have the advantages that the area of detection is big, operation is more convenient.
Description
Technical field
This method belongs to sound emission field of non destructive testing, and in particular to a kind of to use sound and vibration technology to material large area region
The method of detection.
Background technology
Due to the light weight of composite material, corrosion-resistant, endurance, there is good mechanical performance, more and more extensive use
Replace metal component, but composite material there is also it is inevitable the defects of, MATRIX CRACKING, fibrous fracture etc. will substantially reduce
The mechanical performance of composite element.For frp lining equipment, often it is present with the defects of de- glutinous in use, if not
Defective locations can be checked in time and carried out maintenance, will generate the serious consequence that can not be retrieved.So how effectively
Defective locations must be positioned most important.
In recent years, the time difference position technolot based on acoustic emission signal, sound emission are widely used in the lossless inspection of large scale equipment
Among survey.Acoustic Emission location technical spirit is a kind of passive monitoring technology, it lack active monitoring technology flexibility with it is low into
This.Actively monitoring method is to apply Active spurring signal to structure by " external force ", and the response that structure is received by sensor is believed
Number.
Traditional actively monitoring method is to generate pumping signal by the driver built in sensor and pass through Sensor Network
The response of network perceptual structure health monitoring systems, controlled pumping signal are used for inside query structure with the presence or absence of damage, damage
Feature can be reflected in response signal by transducing signal.It is that in office can what is the need for better than the place of passive monitoring method
Structure is monitored on-line at the time of wanting, is monitored without the moment, effectively saves the energy.
The sensor that above-mentioned tradition actively monitoring method premise is the need for built-in drive generates pumping signal, usually also
It needs to be configured pumping signal pattern, parameter, it is not simple and convenient enough, and when large area detects, detection efficiency is also full
Foot not requirement.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Acoustic Emission location detection methods based on sound and vibration technology, overcome existing monitoring side
Method is not simple and convenient enough and the defects of efficiency is low.
The principle of the present invention is：Based on oval positioning principle, using sound and vibration technology to composite material（Such as frp lining
Equipment）Carry out the positioning of de- glutinous defect；The present invention designs sound and vibration hammer, and passes through and propose a kind of new sensor cloth
Put mode so that the area detected once is 3 times of original detection method, while the signal of the probe acquisition of adjacent Delta Region
Can also mutually as control, for signal differentiate, the invention be capable of efficient quick to composite material（For example frp lining is set
It is standby）Large area detection is carried out, improves detection efficiency.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology, comprises the following steps：
（1）Before being detected, it is first determined knocking is propagated in material is detected clear signal attenuation does not occur
Maximum propagation distance；
（2）Arrangement probe：First, detected material surface is divided into two rows detection zone, often arranges detection zone and be spaced
Test point and sound and vibration point are disposed with, test point and sound and vibration point arrangement are one sound of arrangement between the continuous test point of each two
It shakes a little；And the test point and sound and vibration point position of two rows of detection zones mutually stagger, make each sound and vibration point respectively with its institute
Spatially being connected with each other in the test point of row's detection zone and another row's detection zone test point adjacent thereto being capable of structure
The Delta Region connected side by side into three；Test point and detection in the spacing of two rows detection zone, each row's detection zone
The spacing and the spacing of test point and sound and vibration point of point are no more than step（1）In determine signal there is not the maximum substantially to decay
Propagation distance；Secondly, probe is respectively mounted on each test point；
（3）It is hammered into shape and tapped with sound and vibration in sound and vibration point, gather signal；Because each Delta Region signal is propagated not less than decay distance,
Therefore can combine and compare adjacent Delta Region signal, differentiate that detection zone whether there is defect by the difference of signal index.
Further, the step（2）In in each row's detection zone the spacing and test point of test point and test point and
The spacing and test point of test point and test point and the spacing of sound and vibration point are homogeneous between the spacing of sound and vibration point, two rows of detection zones
Deng so that three Delta Regions connected side by side are equilateral triangle.
Further, the step（3）Middle signal index include waveform, amplitude, Ring-down count, the duration, energy with
And frequency distribution.
Further, the detected material is frp lining plate.
Further, the step（3）Discriminant approach is as follows：
Sound and vibration signal each time can detect three delta-shaped regions simultaneously, to the region of existing defects, extraction normal signal and
Flaw indication arrival time, sound and vibration point and triangular apex joint form oval positioning；It is specific as follows：
--- l1+l2, sound and vibration signal propagate to the distance that defect is reflected into downside probe again；
--- l1+l3, sound and vibration signal propagate to the distance that defect is reflected into upside probe again；
--- d1, d2, the distance that sound and vibration signal propagates to downside probe along normal route and upside is popped one's head in；
--- v, velocity of wave；
—— Δt1, Δ t2, the normal signal received that downside is popped one's head in and upside is popped one's head in and defect reflection signal time are poor.
Wherein, d1, d2It is known that v can be measured, Δ t1, Δ t2It can be read by Acoustic radiating instrument.So l1+l2、l1+l3To be normal
Number, value is respectively two elliptical long axial length 2a, and for probe harmony vibration source as elliptic focus, its spacing is focal length 2c, byEllipse short shaft 2b can be obtained, so as to obtain UO’Oval normal equation under V coordinate systems：；
Using triangle center as coordinate origin, horizontal direction is x-axis, and vertical direction builds rectangular coordinate system, above-mentioned ellipse for y-axis
Normal equation can obtain the actual elliptic equation under XOY coordinate systems through translation and around the rotation of central point；If normal equation is sat
Mark system origin O‘Coordinate under XOY coordinates is（S, t）, U axis and X-axis angle are θ, and a point P is in UO in plane’Under V coordinate systems
Coordinate is（U, v）, then
In this way, one in UO’The equation that oval u^2/a^2+v^2/b^2=1 of standard in V meets in XOY just becomes
Cheng Liao
So as to construct two ellipses under XOY coordinate systems, elliptical intersection position is the position of defect；
If being detected region there is no defect, the signal that all probes receive is essentially identical, without significant difference, can sentence
Disconnected tested region is normal.
Further, the tup of the sound and vibration hammer uses stainless steel.
Further, the sound and vibration hammer includes electromagnet apparatus and internal being driven by it for installation does linear reciprocation
Tup；The front end of the electromagnet apparatus is also connected with abutment sleeve.
Further, the sleeve includes being bolted on the riffled tube of electromagnet apparatus front end and passes through spiral shell
Line is fitted to the male-pipe of riffled tube front end, and the front end of the male-pipe extends outside to form locating ring.
Further, the electromagnet apparatus use direct current stroke type electromagnet, moment thrust be 2.5 ~ 3kg, stroke
35mm, operating voltage 24V, power 288W.
The present invention has studied the reasonable Arrangement mode of sensor by being designed sound and vibration hammer, is hammered into shape using sound and vibration
The mode for directly tapping detected member generates pumping signal, and receiving signal by sensor intuitively judges whether defect, if
In the presence of then can further being positioned by algorithm to defective locations.It is carried out compared to traditional using exciting probe exciting
Ellipse positioning, not only detection zone is traditional 3 times, while the area detected is big, and operation is more convenient, and the sensor cloth
The mode of putting can carry out signal contrast, and having awarded operating personnel first for whether there is defect more intuitively judges.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the arrangement figure of probe and sound and vibration point in detection zone of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram that sound and vibration is hammered into shape in the present invention；
In Fig. 2：1- electromagnet apparatus；2- hex bolts；3- hex nuts；4- tups；5- male-pipes；6- riffled tubes；7-
Locating ring.
Specific embodiment
In order to clarify the technical characteristics of the invention, below by specific embodiment combination attached drawing to this programme into traveling
The elaboration of one step.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology, comprises the following steps：
（1）Before being detected, it is first determined knocking is propagated in material is detected clear signal attenuation does not occur
Maximum propagation distance；
（2）It arranges and pops one's head in referring to Fig. 1：First, detected material surface is divided into two rows detection zone, often arranges detection zone
Equal arranged for interval has a test point and sound and vibration point, and test point and sound and vibration point arrangement are arranged between the continuous test point of each two
One sound and vibration point；And the test point and sound and vibration point position of two rows of detection zones mutually stagger, and distinguish each sound and vibration point
Test point adjacent thereto is spatially connected with each other with the test point of row's detection zone where it and another row's detection zone
Three Delta Regions connected side by side can be formed；Test point in the spacing of two rows detection zone, each row's detection zone
Spacing with spacing and test point and the sound and vibration point of test point is no more than step（1）In determine signal do not occur substantially decaying
Maximum propagation distance；Secondly, probe is respectively mounted on each test point；
（3）It is hammered into shape and tapped with sound and vibration in sound and vibration point, gather signal；Because each Delta Region signal is propagated not less than decay distance,
Therefore can combine and compare adjacent Delta Region signal, pass through signal waveform, amplitude, Ring-down count, duration, energy and frequency
Distribution differentiates that detection zone whether there is defect.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology, on the basis of 1 step of embodiment, step（2）In into one
Step is preferably as follows：The spacing and test point of test point and test point and the spacing of sound and vibration point, two list and index in each row's detection zone
The spacing and test point of test point and test point and the spacing of sound and vibration point are equal between surveying region so that described three simultaneously
The Delta Region of row connection is equilateral triangle.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology, on the basis of 1 or 2 step of embodiment, step（3）Differentiate
Mode is as follows：
Sound and vibration signal each time can detect three delta-shaped regions simultaneously, to the region of existing defects, extraction normal signal and
Flaw indication arrival time, sound and vibration point and triangular apex joint form oval positioning；It is specific as follows：
--- l1+l2, sound and vibration signal propagate to the distance that defect is reflected into downside probe again；
--- l1+l3, sound and vibration signal propagate to the distance that defect is reflected into upside probe again；
--- d1, d2, the distance that sound and vibration signal propagates to downside probe along normal route and upside is popped one's head in；
--- v, velocity of wave；
—— Δt1, Δ t2, the normal signal received that downside is popped one's head in and upside is popped one's head in and defect reflection signal time are poor.
Wherein, d1, d2It is known that v can be measured, Δ t1, Δ t2It can be read by Acoustic radiating instrument.So l1+l2、l1+l3To be normal
Number, value is respectively two elliptical long axial length 2a, and for probe harmony vibration source as elliptic focus, its spacing is focal length 2c, byEllipse short shaft 2b can be obtained, so as to obtain UO’Oval normal equation under V coordinate systems：；
Using triangle center as coordinate origin, horizontal direction is x-axis, and vertical direction builds rectangular coordinate system, above-mentioned ellipse for y-axis
Normal equation can obtain the actual elliptic equation under XOY coordinate systems through translation and around the rotation of central point；If normal equation is sat
Mark system origin O‘Coordinate under XOY coordinates is（S, t）, U axis and X-axis angle are θ, and a point P is in UO in plane’Under V coordinate systems
Coordinate is（U, v）, then
In this way, one in UO’The equation that oval u^2/a^2+v^2/b^2=1 of standard in V meets in XOY just becomes
Cheng Liao
So as to construct two ellipses under XOY coordinate systems, elliptical intersection position is the position of defect；
If being detected region there is no defect, the signal that all probes receive is essentially identical, without significant difference, can sentence
Disconnected tested region is normal.
Embodiment 4
A kind of Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology, on the basis of embodiment 1,2 or 3 steps, sound and vibration hammer is adopted
With following design：Sound and vibration hammer include electromagnet apparatus 1 and it is internal install can be driven by it the tup 4 for doing linear reciprocation；
Electromagnet apparatus uses direct current stroke type electromagnet, and moment thrust is 2.5 ~ 3kg, stroke 35mm, operating voltage 24V, and power is
288W；Tup uses stainless steel.The front end of electromagnet apparatus 1 is also connected with abutment sleeve；Abutment sleeve includes passing through hexagonal
Bolt 2 and hex nut 3 are fixed on the riffled tube 6 of 1 front end of electromagnet apparatus and are mounted on internal thread by thread fitting
The male-pipe 5 of 6 front end of pipe, the front end of male-pipe 5 extend outside to form locating ring 7.
In order to determine optimal excitation source, we on glass steel material to sound and vibration hammer hammer head material employ nylon, metal,
Three kinds of screwdriver handle has done comparative analysis.It gathers the pumping signal that three kinds of materials generate respectively at away from vibration source 1.6m, finds gold
Belong to the average amplitude of stainless steel knocking in 60.5dB, frequency is the signal width of 25 ~ 45kHz, screwdriver handle and nylon percussion
For value respectively in 54.6dB, 42.4dB, frequency distribution is respectively 25 ~ 40kHz and 20 ~ 35kHz, it can be seen that metal stainless steel taps
Signal amplitude apparently higher than other two kinds of signals, and frequency range is wider, and both rear rate of signal attenuation is significantly greater.Because
Metal stainless steel knocking rate of decay is more slow, and farther out, energy is stronger for propagation distance, therefore uses metal stainless steel material
For optimal excitation source material.According to work of electromagnet engineering, electromagnet relevant criterion is looked into, using selection direct current stroke type electromagnetism
Iron, moment thrust are 2.5 ~ 3kg, stroke 35mm, operating voltage 24V, power 288W.
In summary using the present invention shown in sensor arrangement, using sound and vibration technology to frp lining plate into
During row defect location, and the sensor arrangement can carry out signal contrast, be awarded first for whether there is defect
Operating personnel more intuitively judge, further defective locations can be accurately positioned, and coordinate system is fixed on three
Angular center so that all elliptical centers of reality are located in reference axis, convenient for by elliptical normal equation through translation and in
The rotation transformation of the heart obtains, and is conducive to simultaneously program three regions.The signal that the probe of adjacent Delta Region gathers simultaneously is also
Can mutually as control, for signal differentiate, the invention be capable of efficient quick to frp lining equipment carry out large area inspection
It surveys, improves detection efficiency.
Above example is the several exemplary embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment,
In the knowledge possessed in those skilled in the art, various changes can also be made on the premise of present inventive concept is not departed from
Change, the content after variation still falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Before being detected, it is first determined knocking is propagated in material is detected clear signal attenuation does not occur
Maximum propagation distance；
（2）Arrangement probe：First, detected material surface is divided into two rows detection zone, often arranges detection zone and be spaced
Test point and sound and vibration point are disposed with, test point and sound and vibration point arrangement are one sound of arrangement between the continuous test point of each two
It shakes a little；And the test point and sound and vibration point position of two rows of detection zones mutually stagger, make each sound and vibration point respectively with its institute
Spatially being connected with each other in the test point of row's detection zone and another row's detection zone test point adjacent thereto being capable of structure
The Delta Region connected side by side into three；Test point and detection in the spacing of two rows detection zone, each row's detection zone
The spacing and the spacing of test point and sound and vibration point of point are no more than step（1）In determine signal there is not the maximum substantially to decay
Propagation distance；Secondly, probe is respectively mounted on each test point；
（3）It is hammered into shape and tapped with sound and vibration in sound and vibration point, gather signal；Because each Delta Region signal is propagated not less than decay distance,
Therefore can combine and compare adjacent Delta Region signal, differentiate that detection zone whether there is defect by the difference of signal index.
2. the Acoustic Emission location detection method according to claim 1 based on sound and vibration technology, which is characterized in that the step
（2）In the spacing and test point of test point and test point and the spacing of sound and vibration point, two rows of detection zones in each row's detection zone
Between the spacing and test point of test point and test point and the spacing of sound and vibration point be equal so that described three connections side by side
Delta Region be equilateral triangle.
3. the Acoustic Emission location detection method according to claim 1 based on sound and vibration technology, which is characterized in that the step
（3）Middle signal index includes waveform, amplitude, Ring-down count, duration, energy and frequency distribution.
4. the Acoustic Emission location detection method according to claim 1 based on sound and vibration technology, which is characterized in that described tested
Material measure and monitor the growth of standing timber as frp lining plate.
5. according to Acoustic Emission location detection method of the claim 1-4 any one of them based on sound and vibration technology, which is characterized in that
The step（3）Discriminant approach is as follows：
Sound and vibration signal each time can detect three delta-shaped regions simultaneously, to the region of existing defects, extraction normal signal and
Flaw indication arrival time, sound and vibration point and triangular apex joint form oval positioning；It is specific as follows：
--- l1+l2, sound and vibration signal propagate to the distance that defect is reflected into downside probe again；
--- l1+l3, sound and vibration signal propagate to the distance that defect is reflected into upside probe again；
--- d1, d2, the distance that sound and vibration signal propagates to downside probe along normal route and upside is popped one's head in；
--- v, velocity of wave；
—— Δt1, Δ t2, the normal signal received that downside is popped one's head in and upside is popped one's head in and defect reflection signal time are poor；
Wherein, d1, d2It is known that v can be measured, Δ t1, Δ t2It can be read by Acoustic radiating instrument；
So l1+l2、l1+l3For constant, value is respectively two elliptical long axial length 2a, probe harmony vibration source as elliptic focus,
Its spacing is focal length 2c, byEllipse short shaft 2b can be obtained, so as to obtain UO’Oval standard under V coordinate systems
Equation：；
Using triangle center as coordinate origin, horizontal direction is x-axis, and vertical direction builds rectangular coordinate system, above-mentioned ellipse for y-axis
Normal equation can obtain the actual elliptic equation under XOY coordinate systems through translation and around the rotation of central point；If normal equation is sat
Mark system origin O‘Coordinate under XOY coordinates is（S, t）, U axis and X-axis angle are θ, and a point P is in UO in plane’Under V coordinate systems
Coordinate is（U, v）, then
In this way, one in UO’The equation that oval u^2/a^2+v^2/b^2=1 of standard in V meets in XOY just becomes
Cheng Liao
So as to construct two ellipses under XOY coordinate systems, elliptical intersection position is the position of defect；
If being detected region there is no defect, the signal that all probes receive is essentially identical, without significant difference, can sentence
Disconnected tested region is normal.
6. the Acoustic Emission location detection method according to claim 1 based on sound and vibration technology, which is characterized in that the sound and vibration
The tup of hammer uses stainless steel.
7. the Acoustic Emission location detection method according to claim 5 based on sound and vibration technology, which is characterized in that the sound and vibration
The tup of hammer uses stainless steel.
8. the Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology according to right wants 1 or 5, which is characterized in that the sound
Vibration hammer can be driven by it the tup for doing linear reciprocation including what electromagnet apparatus and inside were installed；The electromagnet apparatus
Front end is also connected with abutment sleeve.
9. the Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology according to right wants 8, which is characterized in that the sleeve bag
It includes the riffled tube for being bolted on electromagnet apparatus front end and riffled tube front end is mounted on by thread fitting
Male-pipe, the front end of the male-pipe extend outside to form locating ring.
10. the Acoustic Emission location detection method based on sound and vibration technology according to right wants 8, which is characterized in that the electromagnetism
Iron device uses direct current stroke type electromagnet, and moment thrust is 2.5 ~ 3kg, stroke 35mm, operating voltage 24V, power 288W.
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| CN109212021A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-15 | 嘉兴博感科技有限公司 | A kind of device and method for monitoring welding point weld seam state on-line |
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| CN115932044A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-07 | 江苏先进光源技术研究院有限公司 | Real-time detection method for workpiece defects in laser processing process |
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