CN108063480A - A kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system and method - Google Patents
A kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108063480A CN108063480A CN201711457362.3A CN201711457362A CN108063480A CN 108063480 A CN108063480 A CN 108063480A CN 201711457362 A CN201711457362 A CN 201711457362A CN 108063480 A CN108063480 A CN 108063480A
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- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 51
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H02J7/0026—
-
- H02J7/0091—
-
- H02J2007/0067—
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system and method, system includes man-machine interaction unit, main control unit, Ni-MH battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit and metering units, Ni-MH battery unit is connected with the charge power supply interface in functional interface unit, Ni-MH battery unit returns main control unit, communication unit, interface unit provides operating voltage, main control unit is connected by uplink communication unit with microphone, main control unit is also associated with earphone, serial communication unit, main control unit, including charging circuit, active discharge circuit, temperature sensing circuit and control administrative unit.The present invention realizes the identification condition of charge and discharge event, and in the charge and discharge of the inappropriate shut-off battery of temperature, the self-management of terminal Ni-MH battery and automatic activation capability are realized with minimum hardware cost, structure novel, it is skillfully constructed, ensure the reliability service of terminal Ni-MH battery, have a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Ni-MH battery charging technique fields, and in particular to a kind of the autonomous of terminal Ni-MH battery is activated, filled
Electric discharge management system and method.
Background technology
At present, terminal manufacturer substantially only possesses the management of Ni-MH battery two means of voltage monitoring and charging.
Moreover, the realization method of the two means is too simple, the cut-off condition of charging does not consider the influences such as environment temperature, individual difference
Factor is not also right to the no any technical finesse of the maintenance of Ni-MH battery activity only using charging voltage as Rule of judgment
Nickel-hydrogen cell charging and discharging number, current working status, remaining capacity make a record and show, reminds client timely and effectively more
It changes.
Current electric company's technical management means fall behind relatively, and buying installation procedure is also very complicated.Utilities Electric Co. concentrates and adopts
Purchase mainly includes following link：Censorship, arrival full inspection, storage, installation, debugging, fortune before supplying before bid after censorship, acceptance of the bid
Row.Ni-MH battery after dispatching from the factory all be effectively full of charge, therefore, censorship and arrival full inspection ring before censorship, the supply of material before bid
Section can effectively provide stand-by power supply.But the time phase after arrival detection from storage to installation is longer, few then several weeks,
At most 1 year half a year, battery are in self discharge state in this period, since Ni-MH battery self-discharge rate is higher, in 20 DEG C of conditions
Lower self-discharge rate reaches 20%-30%/moon.
Moreover, as temperature raises, electrode active material activity improves, and self-discharge rate will also be promoted, and seriously affect battery
Performance.Due to not having a power failure for a long time after installation, stand-by power supply is lack scope for their abilities, and Ni-MH battery characteristic further weakens, in addition various
Natural environment checker (high temperature, low temperature, high humidity, salt fog etc.) from different places, a part of Ni-MH battery apply one at the scene
The various failure states such as the time even shorter by 2 years just shows brownout, housing is heaved, cannot be charged, with terminal ten
There is very big gap in the projected life in year.Battery failure is found when real have a power failure, and can not realize power failure active reporting.
At present, Ni-MH battery has had widely as a kind of important rechargeable battery in relation to charging management method
Research also has some control chips to carry out special charge control to Ni-MH battery on the market.These control chips are mainly from filling
Rule of judgment that electric current, temperature and battery are full of etc. is managed.But Ni-MH battery is in power consumer telecommunications
The application and conventional consumer electronics or other commercial Application situations for ceasing acquisition terminal have many differences, directly use
Chip causes the bad realization of part mentality of designing, and the target desired effect gap effectively managed with the Ni-MH battery of terminal is larger.
The Ni-MH battery of terminal has the application characteristic of itself, this decides that terminal need to use special Managed Solution.Terminal Ni-MH battery
Intelligent management system (Intelligent Battery Management System, IBMS) mainly around end cell from
I manages and the content of automatic two aspects of activation carries out.
The characteristics of important there are two during terminal use：When the work that do not have a power failure when terminal works at the scene it is lasting when
Between it is longer.With the development of national economy, electric system construction is gradually improved, and at the scene of terminal works, electric system may
Can be for a long time in live state, the Ni-MH battery that such terminal carries would be at prolonged holding state or even meeting
There is the holding state of 1 year or more.The self discharge situation that this allows for Ni-MH battery itself is even more serious, can also cause battery
There is a degree of passive state, if situation about having a power failure, the residue of Ni-MH battery itself occurs in such a state in terminal
Electricity be just difficult to support terminal have a power failure after " working time of 1min actively communicates 3 times " ability.Second is that terminal is in warehouse
The time length difference of storage is too big.The terminal of a general batch is tended not to all while is installed in scene, often
There are many terminals to be used in electric company warehouse as spare replacement terminal.Prolonged warehouse storage, causes end
There is the situation of higher self-discharge rate or passivation in the Ni-MH battery at end.This can similarly cause terminal install after have a power failure when
It carves that existing battery dump energy is insufficient to be happened, power-off event is caused to report failure.This result can equally influence electric power
The economic benefit and O＆M efficiency of company or even resident is sometimes brought to complain complain with enterprise, it is beautiful to influence Utilities Electric Co. brand
Reputation degree.
Such two features that terminal uses require Ni-MH battery that will keep enough under any service condition
Remaining capacity and activity.
The existing patent document for being related to battery management method has " management method of rechargeable battery and device " (patent of invention
CN201511029471.6), management method of rechargeable battery and device are intended to provide, by obtaining target vehicle rechargeable battery
Battery parameter determines the working condition that the rechargeable battery is presently according to the battery parameter；Wherein, the working condition
Including normal condition, power shortage state and malfunction, based on the working condition residing for the rechargeable battery, to the rechargeable battery
It is managed.Battery parameter based on rechargeable battery in the present embodiment is capable of determining that the working condition of rechargeable battery so that uses
Family can view the state of rechargeable battery, and ensure that user can carry out pipe according to the state of rechargeable battery to battery
Reason.The invention primarily focuses on the acquisition of battery status parameter, the charge-discharge circuit design not including battery.
The battery management method patent document that oneself has has " a kind of automatic charging battery management system "
CN201520985600.8), a kind of automatic charging battery management system is intended to, including power supply and is arranged on outside the power supply
Charger, be electrically connected between power supply and charger by equalizaing charge controller, electric power detection module with second control mould
Block is electrically connected, and the second control module and the charger are electrically connected, power supply and current detection module, temperature detecting module and
Voltage detection module is electrically connected, and current detection module, temperature detecting module and voltage detection module are and information collection module
It is electrically connected, information collection module is electrically connected with display screen, and display screen and the first control module are electrically connected.The inspection of this patent
Survey mode is various, can prevent that power source temperature is excessively high and explodes, prevent the excessive damage energy storage device of voltage, electric current, pass through electricity
Detection block and the second control module, can prevent battery capacity from having consumed and influence normal operation, while when battery capacity is too low,
Charger is automatically controlled to charge to power supply.The invention is not involved with the management that battery independently activates.
The battery management method patent document that oneself has has " a kind of battery management system and equilibrium with parallel equalization function
Method " (CN201710647926.3) is intended to provide a kind of battery management system with parallel equalization function and equilibrium side
Method, system include 24 section Li-ion batteries piles, six SCM Based battery detection modules, a master controller, six lists
Body battery gating module, an active equalization module, a communication module, a charging and discharging protection device and a power supply mould
Block.The system realizes the monitoring and control to 24 batteries, possesses the running parameter of monitoring single battery, carries out the quilt of battery pack
The functions such as dynamic equilibrium, active equalization, parallel balanced, charge and discharge overcurrent protection and the communication of host computer, can adjust euqalizing current
Size, realize the target of intelligent equalization.The invention stresses the balanced management ability of battery, is not involved with the battery of battery certainly
The management of main activation.
How to overcome the shortcomings of present in above-mentioned terminal Ni-MH battery intelligent management system, be currently to continue asking for solution
Topic.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the shortcomings of present in existing terminal Ni-MH battery intelligent management system.The present invention's
The autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system and method, including charging circuit, active discharge circuit, temperature inspection
Slowdown monitoring circuit and control administrative unit, realize the identification condition of charge and discharge event, and turn off battery in the case that temperature is inappropriate
Charge and discharge, the self-management of terminal Ni-MH battery and automatic activation capability are realized with minimum hardware cost, structure novel,
It is skillfully constructed, ensures the reliability service of terminal Ni-MH battery, have a good application prospect.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system, including man-machine interaction unit, main control unit,
Ni-MH battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit and metering units,
The main control unit respectively with man-machine interaction unit, Ni-MH battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit
It is connected with metering units, the Ni-MH battery unit is connected with the charge power supply interface in functional interface unit, the nickel
Hydrogen battery unit returns main control unit, communication unit, interface unit and provides operating voltage, and the main control unit passes through uplink communication
Unit is connected with microphone, and the main control unit is also associated with earphone, serial communication unit,
The main control unit, including charging circuit, active discharge circuit, temperature sensing circuit and control administrative unit, institute
State charging circuit, active discharge circuit, temperature sensing circuit respectively with control administrative unit, it is described system control administrative unit with
Man-machine interaction unit, Ni-MH battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit are connected with metering units.
A kind of autonomous activation of foregoing terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system, the man-machine interaction unit, including
Liquid crystal display, LED light, control button；The functional interface unit further includes Remote Control Interface, remote signalling interface, pulse connect
Mouth, 485 communication interfaces, direct current 12V interfaces；The uplink communication unit, including 230MHz station telecommunications unit, GPRS/CDMA
Telecommunication circuit.
A kind of autonomous activation of foregoing terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system, the charging circuit possess trickle
Charge mode, constant current charging mode, including 12V DC power interface J1, control signal wire connection terminal J2, voltage stabilizing chip U1, three
Pole pipe T1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3,
The external 12V DC power supplys of 12V DC power interface J1, and be connected with the anode of diode D1, the 12V
Dc power interface J1 is also connected to the ground by capacitance C1, the cathode of the diode D1 and the input terminal phase of voltage stabilizing chip U1
Connection, the output terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 are connected with the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, and the output terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 also passes through
Resistance R1 is connected with the anode of Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3, ground terminal and the Ni-MH battery charging end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1
The anode of sub- J3 is connected, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected by resistance R2 with the anode of Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3,
The grid of the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected by resistance R3 with the input terminal of voltage stabilizing chip U1, the control signal wire connection terminal J2
With control administrative unit charging signals output terminal be connected, the control signal wire connection terminal J2 also respectively with resistance R4 one
End, the anode of charging indicator light D2, one end of resistance R5 are connected, and the other end of the resistance R4 is connected to the ground, described to fill
The cathode of electric indicator light D2 is connected to the ground by resistance R6, and the other end of the resistance R5 is connected with the base stage of triode T1
It connecing, the emitter of the triode T1 is connected to the ground, and the collector of the triode T1 is connected with the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1,
The anode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 also passes sequentially through resistance R7, resistance R8 is connected to the ground, and the two of the resistance R8
End is parallel with capacitance C2, the resistance R7, resistance R8 connecting pins are Ni-MH battery voltage sample terminal, and with controlling administrative unit
Ni-MH battery voltage sample port be connected, the anode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 also passes through resistance R9 and voltage stabilizing two
The cathode of pole pipe VD1 is connected, and the both ends of the resistance R9 are parallel with the anode and ground of resistance R10, the zener diode VD1
It is connected, the cathode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 is connected to the ground.
A kind of autonomous activation of foregoing terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system, the voltage stabilizing chip U1 are
LM7805 voltage stabilizing chips.
A kind of autonomous activation of foregoing terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system, the active discharge circuit, including
The base stage of triode T2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 and electric discharge instruction diode D3, the triode T2 are single by resistance R11 and control management
The discharge control signal output terminal of member is connected, and the emitter of the triode T2 is connected to the ground, the collection of the triode T2
Electrode is connected with the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2, and the collector of the triode T2 passes through resistance R12 and Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3
Anode be connected, the drain electrode of the anode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 also with metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 is connected, the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2
Source electrode be connected by resistance R13 with the anode of electric discharge instruction diode D3, the cathode of the electric discharge instruction diode D3 with
Ground is connected, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 is also connected to the ground by resistance R14, and the both ends of the resistance R14 are in parallel successively
There are resistance R15, resistance R16, resistance R17, resistance R18, resistance R19.
A kind of autonomous activation of foregoing terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system, the resistance R14, resistance R15,
Resistance R16, resistance R17, resistance R18, the resistance value of resistance R19 are identical.
A kind of autonomous activation of foregoing terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system, the temperature sensing circuit, including
NTC thermistor RT, the NTC thermistor are mounted on Ni-MH battery, and a termination 3.3V of the NTC thermistor RT is straight
Galvanic electricity pressure, the other end of the NTC thermistor RT respectively with one end of resistance R20, one end of resistance R21, resistance R22 one
End, one end of capacitance C3 are connected, the other end, the other end of resistance R21, the other end of resistance R22, the electricity of the resistance R20
The other end for holding C3 is connected to the ground, the output terminal and control of the other end of the NTC thermistor RT as temperature sensing circuit
The temperature sampling port of administrative unit processed is connected.
The autonomous activation of the terminal Ni-MH battery of the present invention and method for managing charge/discharge, including Charge Management pattern and electric discharge
Management mode,
The Charge Management pattern, including procedure below,
(A1), charging beginning condition controls the charging signals output terminal of administrative unit to export charging signals, regards as charging
Start；
(A2), end-of-charge condition, if charge start item to perform battery it is fully charged between without interruption, be judged as normally
Charging completion signal；If by the charging completion signal that temperature beyond limit or battery plug factor return, it is judged as abnormal charging
If end signal meet normal charging completion signal, is recorded as a complete charge event；Otherwise, it is recorded as one
Charging anomalous event；
The electric discharge management mode, including procedure below,
(B1), confirm discharging condition, the discharge control signal output terminal of administrative unit is controlled to export discharge signal, is regarded as
Electric discharge starts；
(B2), it is more than 30min to the active discharge time since electric discharge, if being influenced without interrupting, meets regular picture knot
Beam condition is recorded as a complete electric discharge event；If during this period, there is interruption influences, and electric discharge terminates, and is recorded as one
Electric discharge anomalous event.
The autonomous activation of foregoing terminal Ni-MH battery and method for managing charge/discharge, the Charge Management pattern were being run
Cheng Zhong, temperature are controlled between -25 DEG C -70 DEG C, otherwise, stop charging；The electric discharge management mode, in the process of running, temperature
Degree control is between -40 DEG C -70 DEG C, and otherwise, electric discharge terminates, and is recorded as an electric discharge anomalous event.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Autonomous activation, management of charging and discharging system and the side of the terminal Ni-MH battery of the present invention
Method including charging circuit, active discharge circuit, temperature sensing circuit and control administrative unit, realizes the identification of charge and discharge event
Condition, and in the charge and discharge of the inappropriate shut-off battery of temperature, terminal ni-mh electricity is realized with minimum hardware cost
The self-management in pond and automatic activation capability, structure novel are skillfully constructed, and ensure the reliability service of terminal Ni-MH battery, have
Good application prospect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the autonomous activation of the terminal Ni-MH battery of the present invention, the system block diagram of management of charging and discharging system；
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the charging circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the active discharge circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of the temperature sensing circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the state diagram of the Charge Management pattern of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, the autonomous activation of the terminal Ni-MH battery of the present invention, management of charging and discharging system, including human-computer interaction
Unit, main control unit, Ni-MH battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit and metering units,
The main control unit respectively with man-machine interaction unit, Ni-MH battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit
It is connected with metering units, the Ni-MH battery unit is connected with the charge power supply interface in functional interface unit, the nickel
Hydrogen battery unit returns main control unit, communication unit, interface unit and provides operating voltage, and the main control unit passes through uplink communication
Unit is connected with microphone, and the main control unit is also associated with earphone, serial communication unit,
The main control unit, including charging circuit, active discharge circuit, temperature sensing circuit and control administrative unit, institute
State charging circuit, active discharge circuit, temperature sensing circuit respectively with control administrative unit, it is described system control administrative unit with
Man-machine interaction unit, Ni-MH battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit are connected with metering units.
Preferably, the man-machine interaction unit provides human-computer interaction interface, including liquid crystal display, LED light, control
Button；The functional interface unit further includes Remote Control Interface, remote signalling interface, pulse interface, 485 communication interfaces, direct current 12V and connects
Mouthful；The uplink communication unit, including 230MHz station telecommunications unit, GPRS/CDMA telecommunication circuits.
Preferably, it is straight including 12V as shown in Fig. 2, the charging circuit possesses trickle charge pattern, constant current charging mode
Galvanic electricity source interface J1, control signal wire connection terminal J2, voltage stabilizing chip U1, triode T1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and Ni-MH battery charging terminal
J3,
The external 12V DC power supplys of 12V DC power interface J1, and be connected with the anode of diode D1, the 12V
Dc power interface J1 is also connected to the ground by capacitance C1, the cathode of the diode D1 and the input terminal phase of voltage stabilizing chip U1
Connection, the output terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 are connected with the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, and the output terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 also passes through
Resistance R1 is connected with the anode of Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3, ground terminal and the Ni-MH battery charging end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1
The anode of sub- J3 is connected, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected by resistance R2 with the anode of Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3,
The grid of the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected by resistance R3 with the input terminal of voltage stabilizing chip U1, the control signal wire connection terminal J2
With control administrative unit charging signals output terminal be connected, the control signal wire connection terminal J2 also respectively with resistance R4 one
End, the anode of charging indicator light D2, one end of resistance R5 are connected, and the other end of the resistance R4 is connected to the ground, described to fill
The cathode of electric indicator light D2 is connected to the ground by resistance R6, and the other end of the resistance R5 is connected with the base stage of triode T1
It connecing, the emitter of the triode T1 is connected to the ground, and the collector of the triode T1 is connected with the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1,
The anode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 also passes sequentially through resistance R7, resistance R8 is connected to the ground, and the two of the resistance R8
End is parallel with capacitance C2, the resistance R7, resistance R8 connecting pins are Ni-MH battery voltage sample terminal, and with controlling administrative unit
Ni-MH battery voltage sample port be connected, the anode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 also passes through resistance R9 and voltage stabilizing two
The cathode of pole pipe VD1 is connected, and the both ends of the resistance R9 are parallel with the anode and ground of resistance R10, the zener diode VD1
It is connected, the cathode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 is connected to the ground, and the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is LM7805 voltage stabilizing chips,
It is capable of providing stable 5V voltages.
The operation principle of the charging circuit is as follows：Control signal wire connection terminal J2 is passed through by the I/O terminal of control administrative unit
It is exported after level conversion isolation, controls the startup of constant current charging mode, high level is effective, and the charge power supply of Ni-MH battery comes from
12V DC power interface J1 is the voltage source of direct current 12V, and Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 is the charging socket of Ni-MH battery, control
When the sub- J2 of signal terminal processed exports low level, charging indicator light D2 is OFF state, and triode T1 is in cut-off state, metal-oxide-semiconductor
Q1 ends, 12V DC power supply by voltage stabilizing chip U1 because the ground pin connection of voltage stabilizing chip U1 to Ni-MH battery just
Pole, therefore, it is ensured that be 5V constant voltages between the output pin and anode of voltage stabilizing chip U1, provide 8mA's to battery
Charging current, along with chip " leakage " electric current existing in itself, actual tiny stream between the input terminal and ground pin of voltage stabilizing chip U1
Current charge electric current is 9.3mA；When control signal wire connection terminal J2 outputs are high level, charging indicator light D2 is illuminating state,
Triode hole is in saturation conduction state, and the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is pulled low, and 12V DC power supply is generated by voltage stabilizing chip U1
41.7mA electric current (ignore metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 drain electrode source electrode between pressure difference), filling for 51mA is formed together with trickle-charge current
Electric current, trickle-charge current Ichargin1 of the invention and constant-current charge Icharging2 Current calculation formula are respectively：
Wherein, Vout is the output voltage of voltage stabilizing chip U1, is here 5V, IQQuiescent current for voltage stabilizing chip U1 is 3-
5mA can not ignore, and convert in charging current.
Among reality, the input terminal of voltage stabilizing chip U1 subtracts pressure drop 0.2V for 12V over the ground and subtracts again (under non-charged state)
Remove the pressure difference about 1.25V of voltage stabilizing chip U1 composition constant-current sources.Therefore, the open-circuit voltage of final battery-end is about 10.5V or so, should
Voltage is the value of measurement, actually has no output loop.Since other circuits of terminal might connect to battery port, and to electricity
The pressure upper limit requires.For example the LDO input voltage upper absolute limits of the infrared circuit used at present are about 12V, for the sake of security,
It can carry out open-circuit voltage and carry out amplitude limit.
Resistance R9 and resistance R10 and zener diode VD1 composition open circuit pressure limiting circuits, prevent in terminal not inserting battery
The overtension that the other circuits of time system are connected to battery portion causes possible damage.By the voltage stabilizing for adjusting zener diode VD1
Value adjusts the open-circuit voltage of battery socket end between 6.0V~10V.Resistance R9 and resistance R10 and voltage stabilizing in not inserting battery
Diode VD1 can consume the electric current not higher than 2mA.Normal inserting battery in use, the part pressure limiting circuit does not work, damage by noenergy
Consumption.
According to IEC standard and domestic Ni-MH battery manufacturing enterprise to the performance maintenance opinion of Ni-MH battery, trickle charge
Electric current selected as 0.01C~0.03C, by taking the capacity of 450mAh as an example, actual design trickle-charge current is 9.3mA (0.02C).
Constant-current charge electric current general standard is 0.1C, it is contemplated that the selection of current-limiting resistance does not use the resistance of nonstandard resistance value in this circuit,
The charging current of actual design is 51mA (about 0.11C).If the Ni-MH battery of 700mAh capacity, then R428 and R432 distinguishes
510 Ω and 80 Ω are readily modified as, corresponding charging current is respectively 14mA and 67mA.It, should when choosing the power of two resistance
According to by electric current ensured.
Preferably, as shown in figure 3, the active discharge circuit, two poles are indicated including triode T2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 and electric discharge
The base stage of pipe D3, the triode T2 are connected by resistance R11 with the discharge control signal output terminal of control administrative unit, institute
The emitter for stating triode T2 is connected to the ground, and the collector of the triode T2 is connected with the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2, and described three
The collector of pole pipe T2 is connected by resistance R12 with the anode of Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3, the Ni-MH battery charging end
Drain electrode of the anode of sub- J3 also with metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 is connected, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 passes through resistance R13 and two poles of electric discharge instruction
The anode of pipe D3 is connected, and the cathode of the electric discharge instruction diode D3 is connected to the ground, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 also passes through
Resistance R14 is connected to the ground, and the both ends of the resistance R14 are parallel with resistance R15, resistance R16, resistance R17, resistance successively
R18, resistance R19, resistance R14 here, resistance R15, resistance R16, resistance R17, resistance R18, the resistance value of resistance R19 are identical.
The active discharge circuit, operation principle is as follows,
When the discharge control signal output terminal of administrative unit is controlled to be high level, triode T2 is in saturation conduction state,
The grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 is pulled low, and the anode of Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 is discharged by discharge resistance, and lights discharge indicating lamp
D3, discharge circuit are the maximum discharge power of 6 240 Ω in parallel/0.5W resistance, in total 3W, and list resistance is most during regular picture
High-power to be less than 0.15W, design power redundancy is higher, is not in that discharge resistance substantially generates heat in normal discharge
Situation advantageously reduces the internal temperature of Ni-MH battery.
According to relevant IEC standard and domestic Ni-MH battery manufacturing enterprise to the performance maintenance opinion of Ni-MH battery, electric discharge
Electric current takes the standard discharge current of 0.2C, and actual discharge electric current is 113mA (0.25C), and discharge circuit is Ni-MH battery performance dimension
The important component of protection mechanism, it forms the maintainability charge and discharge activation system of terminal Ni-MH battery together with charging circuit.
Slightly larger discharge current is conducive to the activation of battery behavior when charge and discharge are repeated in combined charge electric current.
As shown in figure 4, the temperature sensing circuit, including NTC thermistor RT, the NTC thermistor is mounted on nickel
On hydrogen battery, a termination 3.3V DC voltages of the NTC thermistor RT, the other end difference of the NTC thermistor RT
It is connected with one end of one end of resistance R20, one end of resistance R21, one end of resistance R22, capacitance C3, the resistance R20's
The other end, the other end of resistance R21, the other end of resistance R22, the other end of capacitance C3 are connected to the ground, the NTC temperature-sensitives electricity
The other end for hindering RT is connected as the output terminal of temperature sensing circuit with the temperature sampling port of control administrative unit.
NTC thermistor is a kind of semiconductor pottery formed using transition metal oxide as main raw material(s) through high temperature sintering
Porcelain component, it has very big negative temperature coefficient, and resistance value changes with environment temperature or by the self-heating of electric current generation, i.e.,
Under certain measurement power, resistance value declines rapidly as temperature rises.It, can be by NTC thermistor using this characteristic
Corresponding temperature is determined by measuring its resistance value, so as to achieve the purpose that detect and control temperature.
To the resistance-temperature curve, the resistance value of divider resistance is using the value of " room temperature+terminal inner Wen Sheng " as reference (terminal
Good leak tightness, overall structure are designed by IP54 standards, with reference to actual test for many years as a result, terminal inner temperature, which rises, chooses 15 DEG C as allusion quotation
Offset), i.e., the resistance value at a temperature of 25 DEG C+15 DEG C=40 DEG C is reference.It tables look-up and obtains the resistance value of the temperature as 5.834k Ω, take close
It is worth the resistance value for divider resistance, chooses the resistance of 6k Ω (3 resistance values are 18k Ω, precision be 1% resistor coupled in parallel to improve precision)
Value participates in the calculating of branch pressure voltage.
Different divider resistance values is obtained as temperature is different, and then influences sampled voltage, samples obtained temperature
It is as shown in table 1 with sampled voltage relation mapping table,
Table 1 can participate in processing of the software to sampled voltage as mapping table, and be converted to corresponding temperature.Table
The temperature value of cited all integers in 1, when being located at for sample temperature T ξ between two sample temperature values (Tn, Tn+1),
Voltage value V ξ are also between corresponding (Vn, Vn+1).Since the temperature between adjacent degree Celsius and voltage sample value are basic
It is linear relationship, it is contemplated that the value of the sampling of temperature need not be especially accurate, therefore in this temperature accuracy accurately at 1 DEG C, institute
Judge temperature so that the voltage of the voltage value of sampled point nearest resistance warm spot of equal value may be employed.As long as it is counted by sampled voltage
It calculates temperature mapping table 1 will to be combined with formula (4), you can determine actual temperature by sampled voltage.It is described in detail such as formula
(4) shown in.ξ -15 DEG C of actual field environment temperature T=T.
That is, when temperature sampling equivalent temperature T ξ are close to Tn, T ξ=Tn are taken；When temperature sampling equivalent temperature T ξ connect
During nearly Tn+1, T ξ=Tn+1 are taken；When the voltage of temperature sampling is equal to (Vn+Vn+1)/2, T ξ=(Tn+Tn+1)/2 are taken.
The autonomous activation of the terminal Ni-MH battery of the present invention and method for managing charge/discharge, including Charge Management pattern and electric discharge
Management mode,
The Charge Management pattern, including procedure below,
(A1), charging beginning condition controls the charging signals output terminal of administrative unit to export charging signals, regards as charging
Start；
(A2), end-of-charge condition, if charge start item to perform battery it is fully charged between without interruption, be judged as normally
Charging completion signal；If by the charging completion signal that temperature beyond limit or battery plug factor return, it is judged as abnormal charging
If end signal meet normal charging completion signal, is recorded as a complete charge event；Otherwise, it is recorded as one
Charging anomalous event；
The electric discharge management mode, including procedure below,
(B1), confirm discharging condition, the discharge control signal output terminal of administrative unit is controlled to export discharge signal, is regarded as
Electric discharge starts；
(B2), it is more than 30min to the active discharge time since electric discharge, if being influenced without interrupting, meets regular picture knot
Beam condition is recorded as a complete electric discharge event；If during this period, there is interruption influences, and electric discharge terminates, and is recorded as one
Electric discharge anomalous event.
Terminal backup nickel-hydrogen battery reliably working is that terminal stops powering on the principal security that event successfully reports, any and ni-mh
The relevant factor of battery reliability is all the attentinal contents of management of charging and discharging system.This Managed Solution is around various influence ni-mh electricity
The factor of pond performance is designed, and maximizes the service life of terminal Ni-MH battery.For Ni-MH battery, improperly fill
Electrically or to overcharge be battery into one of badly damaged principal element that can not recover to use, it is easy to cause 4
There is the situation of positive and negative anodes short circuit in a certain section or more piece in section series-connected cell.At present, the 450mAh that terminal filed returns fills
Battery, as long as battery of the voltage less than 3.0V, is substantially all short-circuit or close to short circuit there are certain batteries positive and negative anodes
Situation.Temperature and battery standing time are also the principal element for influencing battery reliability, and therefore, the present invention is in Charge Management pattern
In the process of running, temperature control is between -25 DEG C -70 DEG C, otherwise, stops charging；Electric discharge management mode, in operational process
In, temperature is controlled between -40 DEG C -70 DEG C, and otherwise, electric discharge terminates, and is recorded as an electric discharge anomalous event.
In conclusion the autonomous activation of the terminal Ni-MH battery of the present invention, management of charging and discharging system and method, including charging
Circuit, active discharge circuit, temperature sensing circuit and control administrative unit realize the identification condition of charge and discharge event, and in temperature
Spend it is inappropriate in the case of turn off the charge and discharge of battery, the self-management of terminal Ni-MH battery is realized with minimum hardware cost
With automatic activation capability, structure novel is skillfully constructed, and ensures the reliability service of terminal Ni-MH battery, before having good application
Scape.
Basic principle, the main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe the originals of the present invention
Reason, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes and improvements
It all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its equivalent circle
It is fixed.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery, management of charging and discharging system, it is characterised in that：Including man-machine interaction unit,
Main control unit, Ni-MH battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit and metering units,
The main control unit respectively with man-machine interaction unit, Ni-MH battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit and meter
Amount unit is connected, and the Ni-MH battery unit is connected with the charge power supply interface in functional interface unit, the ni-mh electricity
Pool unit returns main control unit, communication unit, interface unit and provides operating voltage, and the main control unit passes through uplink communication unit
It is connected with microphone, the main control unit is also associated with earphone, serial communication unit,
The main control unit, it is described to fill including charging circuit, active discharge circuit, temperature sensing circuit and control administrative unit
Circuit, active discharge circuit, temperature sensing circuit respectively with control administrative unit, it is described system control administrative unit with it is man-machine
Interactive unit, Ni-MH battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit are connected with metering units.
2. a kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery according to claim 1, management of charging and discharging system, feature exist
In：The man-machine interaction unit, including liquid crystal display, LED light, control button；The functional interface unit, further includes
Remote Control Interface, remote signalling interface, pulse interface, 485 communication interfaces, direct current 12V interfaces；The uplink communication unit, including
230MHz station telecommunications unit, GPRS/CDMA telecommunication circuits.
3. a kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery according to claim 1, management of charging and discharging system, feature exist
In：The charging circuit possesses trickle charge pattern, constant current charging mode, is connect including 12V DC power interface J1, control signal
Line terminals J2, voltage stabilizing chip U1, triode T1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3,
The external 12V DC power supplys of 12V DC power interface J1, and be connected with the anode of diode D1, the 12V DC
Power interface J1 is also connected to the ground by capacitance C1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the input terminal of voltage stabilizing chip U1
It connects, the output terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, and the output terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 also passes through electricity
Resistance R1 is connected with the anode of Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3, ground terminal and the Ni-MH battery charging terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1
The anode of J3 is connected, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected by resistance R2 with the anode of Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3, institute
The grid for stating metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected by resistance R3 with the input terminal of voltage stabilizing chip U1, the control signal wire connection terminal J2 with
Control administrative unit charging signals output terminal be connected, the control signal wire connection terminal J2 also respectively with resistance R4 one
End, the anode of charging indicator light D2, one end of resistance R5 are connected, and the other end of the resistance R4 is connected to the ground, described to fill
The cathode of electric indicator light D2 is connected to the ground by resistance R6, and the other end of the resistance R5 is connected with the base stage of triode T1
It connecing, the emitter of the triode T1 is connected to the ground, and the collector of the triode T1 is connected with the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1,
The anode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 also passes sequentially through resistance R7, resistance R8 is connected to the ground, and the two of the resistance R8
End is parallel with capacitance C2, the resistance R7, resistance R8 connecting pins are Ni-MH battery voltage sample terminal, and with controlling administrative unit
Ni-MH battery voltage sample port be connected, the anode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 also passes through resistance R9 and voltage stabilizing two
The cathode of pole pipe VD1 is connected, and the both ends of the resistance R9 are parallel with the anode and ground of resistance R10, the zener diode VD1
It is connected, the cathode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 is connected to the ground.
4. a kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery according to claim 3, management of charging and discharging system, feature exist
In：The voltage stabilizing chip U1 is LM7805 voltage stabilizing chips.
5. a kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery according to claim 1, management of charging and discharging system, feature exist
In：The active discharge circuit, including triode T2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 and electric discharge instruction diode D3, the base stage of the triode T2
By resistance R11 with the discharge control signal output terminal of administrative unit is controlled to be connected, emitter and the ground of the triode T2
It is connected, the collector of the triode T2 is connected with the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2, and the collector of the triode T2 passes through resistance
R12 is connected with the anode of Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3, and the anode of the Ni-MH battery charging terminal J3 is also with metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2's
Drain electrode is connected, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 is connected by resistance R13 with the anode of electric discharge instruction diode D3, described to put
The cathode of electricity instruction diode D3 is connected to the ground, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 is also connected to the ground by resistance R14, described
The both ends of resistance R14 are parallel with resistance R15, resistance R16, resistance R17, resistance R18, resistance R19 successively.
6. a kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery according to claim 5, management of charging and discharging system, feature exist
In：The resistance R14, resistance R15, resistance R16, resistance R17, resistance R18, the resistance value of resistance R19 are identical.
7. a kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery according to claim 1, management of charging and discharging system, feature exist
In：The temperature sensing circuit, including NTC thermistor RT, the NTC thermistor is mounted on Ni-MH battery, the NTC
A termination 3.3V DC voltages of thermistor RT, the other end of the NTC thermistor RT respectively with one end of resistance R20,
One end of resistance R21, one end of resistance R22, one end of capacitance C3 are connected, the other end of the resistance R20, resistance R21
The other end, the other end of resistance R22, the other end of capacitance C3 are connected to the ground, the other end of the NTC thermistor RT as
The output terminal of temperature sensing circuit is with controlling the temperature sampling port of administrative unit to be connected.
8. a kind of autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery and method for managing charge/discharge, it is characterised in that：Including Charge Management pattern
With electric discharge management mode,
The Charge Management pattern, including procedure below,
（A1）, charging beginning condition, control administrative unit charging signals output terminal export charging signals, regard as charge open
Begin；
（A2）, end-of-charge condition, if charge start item to execution battery it is fully charged between without interruption, be judged as normally charging
End signal；If by the charging completion signal that temperature beyond limit or battery plug factor return, it is judged as that abnormal charging terminates
If signal meet normal charging completion signal, is recorded as a complete charge event；Otherwise, it is recorded as a charging
Anomalous event；
The electric discharge management mode, including procedure below,
（B1）, confirm discharging condition, the discharge control signal output terminal of administrative unit controlled to export discharge signal, regards as discharging
Start；
（B2）, it is more than 30min to the active discharge time since electric discharge, if being influenced without interrupting, meets regular picture and terminate item
Part is recorded as a complete electric discharge event；If during this period, there is interruption influences, and electric discharge terminates, and is recorded as an electric discharge
Anomalous event.
9. the autonomous activation of terminal Ni-MH battery according to claim 8 and method for managing charge/discharge, it is characterised in that：
In the process of running, temperature controls between -25 DEG C -70 DEG C the Charge Management pattern, otherwise, stops charging；The electric discharge
Management mode, in the process of running, temperature are controlled between -40 DEG C -70 DEG C, and otherwise, electric discharge terminates, and it is different to be recorded as an electric discharge
Ordinary affair part.
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