CN108061605B - Minimize total-reflection type femto-second laser pulse form measuring instrument - Google Patents
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
Minimize total-reflection type femto-second laser pulse shape width of measuring device, signal light generate before all using reflecting element, avoid the introducing dispersion of transmission-type element and caused by measurement error, and avoid the limitation of bandwidth；The compact stabilization of the light channel structure of device, it is small and exquisite securely and can easily be accommodated.Self-reference spectral interference method is used in the measuring device principle, spectral interference striped is obtained using the Third-order nonlinearity acquisition transient grating signal of the materials such as glass flake as self-reference light and with the light progress spectral interference to be measured that is delayed, go out the spectrum and phase information of light to be measured to the analysis processing reconstructed of interference fringe by the methods of Fourier trasform spectroscopy interference, to restore pulse shape and phase to be measured, the measurement of femtosecond pulse shape and width is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the shape of the time domain impulse of the femto-second laser pulse in femtosecond laser technology research field and phases
Measurement, especially a kind of miniaturization total-reflection type femto-second laser pulse form measuring instrument.
Background technique
With the appearance of ultrashort laser system, femto-second laser pulse is in physics, material science, chemistry, biology and life
Many field of scientific studies such as object engineering are widely used.The Annual distribution of femto-second laser pulse and phase measurement are direct
It is related to femto-second laser pulse in the application in these fields, these parameters also provide weight for the condition monitoring of laser system
The index wanted.In the past thirty years, frequency resolution optical switchs (FROG), spectral phase interferometry for direct electrical reconstruction
(SPIDER), spectral interference method (SI), dispersion scanning (d-scan) and multi-photon pulses internal interference phasescan (MIIPS) are successive
It is suggested.The self-reference spectral interference method (SRSI) proposed for 2010 has linear, parsing, sensitive, accurate characteristic, more attaches most importance to
Strategic point is it with direct rebuilding spectrum and phase solution iterative algorithm, only need several steps can iteration complete, may be implemented
To the real-time measurement and monitoring of femto-second laser pulse.SRSI be by Third-order nonlinearity generate reference light, by its with it is to be measured
Light carries out spectral interference, obtains interference spectrum and then passes through Fourier trasform spectroscopy Non-Interference Algorithm and rebuild to obtain the time domain of light to be measured
Shape and phase.Currently, SRSI points can be done for the self-reference spectrum based on cross polarization wave according to the production method of reference light
Relate to method (XPW-SRSI), the self-reference spectral interference method (SD-SRSI) based on self-diffraction effect and based on transient grating effect
Self-reference spectral interference method (TG-SRSI), three kinds of methods are each advantageous.
Transmission-type and reflective two class can be mostly divided into currently based on the measuring device of TG-SRSI method.For transmission-type
Device, one side transmissive element introduce dispersion, keep measurement result not accurate enough, especially for the femtosecond laser arteries and veins of period magnitude
Punching, the influence of dispersion is especially significant, limits device in the application to period magnitude femtosecond pulse fields of measurement；On the other hand,
Different transmissive elements has different transmission regions, therefore can not realize accurate measurement in wider laser spectrum range.For
Reflective devices generally use spherical surface or parabolic mirror.Spherical reflector can introduce coma, shadow in off-axis focusing
Ring measurement；It is more excellent that parabolic mirror is compared to spherical reflector focus characteristics, but optical path adjusting is relatively difficult, and
And since technological reason often brings stray light.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of miniaturization total-reflection type femto-second laser pulse time-domain shape measurement based on TG-SRSI method
Device, it is characterised in that signal light generates before all using reflecting element, avoids transmission-type element and introduces dispersion and make
At measurement error, and avoid the limitation of bandwidth；With compact-sized, optical path is simple on the basis of having both the above superiority
Singly, the characteristics of stablizing and can easily be accommodated.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows:
Reflective femto-second laser pulse form measuring instrument 1 is minimized, feature is that its composition includes: four apertures
Plate, the first plane mirror, second plane mirror, the first spherical reflector, the first nonlinear dielectric, third plane reflection
Mirror, fourth plane reflecting mirror, lens, fiber coupler, single mode optical fiber and spectrometer.
The rectangle of the big aperture composition such as four on the center of incident laser beam and the four aperture plates
Center is overlapped, and the incident light is divided into four bundles light a, b, c and d about the same by the four aperture plates.Light beam a, b, c
It is reflected through first plane mirror.Light beam d is reflected through the second plane mirror.Second plane reflection
The non-plated film of mirror, on the one hand decays to light beam d, and can further change light beam by adjusting its pitching or deviation
D is coupled to the energy size in optical fiber；It on the other hand can be by adjusting the opposite position of itself and first plane mirror
It sets to introduce the time difference of light beam d Yu other three-beams.Time delay will be introduced after the second plane mirror
D light beam with energy attenuation is as unknown smooth U.First spherical reflector is reversely gathered light beam a, b, c, U by former optical axis
It is burnt.First nonlinear dielectric is located at the near focal point of first spherical reflector.Described in three-beam a, b, c process
The first nonlinear dielectric generate transient grating signal as reference light R.Unknown smooth U and reference light R is spatially almost conllinear,
Referred to as S.The third plane mirror makes four bundles light deflection convenient for the acquisition of light beam S.In order to keep optical path more compact small
Type, the fourth plane reflecting mirror carry out deflection to four bundles light again and via the collimateds.The optical fiber
Coupler only makes light beam S be coupled into the single mode optical fiber.The single mode optical fiber can serve as a fabulous space filtering
Light beam S so that shot noise is removed well, and is coupled into the spectrometer by device.
The laser propagation and measurement process of invention device are as follows:
Incident laser is divided into four bundles light a, b, c and d about the same by the four aperture plates, wherein light beam
A, b, c are incident on first plane mirror, and light beam d, which is incident in the second plane mirror, to be introduced the time and prolong
Late and energy attenuation is as unknown smooth U.Four bundles light a, b, c and d are flat by first plane mirror and described second
Optical path deviation after the reflection of face reflecting mirror, what is successively passed through along optical path direction is first spherical reflector, described the
One nonlinear dielectric, the third plane mirror.First spherical reflector focuses four parallel ray beams, described
The first nonlinear dielectric in the first spherical reflector near focal point.Three-beam a, b, c are non-thread by described first
Property medium generate transient grating signal as reference light R, by the phase-matching condition of transient grating effect it can be concluded that, unknown light
U and reference light R is spatially almost conllinear, referred to as S.The third plane mirror makes four bundles light, and deviation is convenient for light again
The acquisition of beam S.In order to make optical path miniaturization more compact, the fourth plane reflecting mirror again deflects simultaneously four bundles light
Via the collimated.The fiber coupler only makes light beam S be coupled into the single mode optical fiber and finally imports
The spectrometer.Unknown smooth U and reference light R with certain time interval form spectral interference item in the spectrometer
Line may finally reconstruct unknown smooth U time domain by carrying out the processing of Fourier trasform spectroscopy Non-Interference Algorithm to spectral interference striped
Pulse shape and phase and frequency-domain impulse spectrum and phase, to realize the measurement for incident laser pulse.
Reflective femto-second laser pulse form measuring instrument 2 is minimized, feature is that its composition includes:
Four aperture plates, the first plane mirror, second plane mirror, the 5th plane mirror, the second spherical surface are anti-
Penetrate mirror, the second nonlinear dielectric, lens, fiber coupler, single mode optical fiber and spectrometer.
The rectangle of the big aperture composition such as four on the center of incident laser beam and the four aperture plates
Center is overlapped, and the incident light is divided into four bundles light a, b, c and d about the same by the four aperture plates.Light beam a, b, c
It is reflected through first plane mirror.Light beam d is reflected through the second plane mirror.Second plane reflection
The non-plated film of mirror, on the one hand decays to light beam d, and can further change light beam by adjusting its pitching or deviation
D is coupled to the energy size in optical fiber；It on the other hand can be by adjusting the opposite position of itself and first plane mirror
It sets to introduce the time difference of light beam d Yu other three-beams.To be introduced after the second plane mirror time delay and
The d light beam of energy attenuation is as unknown smooth U.The 5th plane mirror the center point has an aperture, second spherical surface
Reflecting mirror light beam a, b, c and U are propagated back through by former optical axis the circular hole of the 5th plane mirror the center point and
The second nonlinear dielectric piece nearby focuses.Three-beam a, b, c generate transient state light by second nonlinear dielectric
Gate signal is as reference light R.Unknown smooth U and reference light R is spatially almost conllinear, referred to as S.The fiber coupler is only
Light beam S is set to be coupled into the single mode optical fiber.The single mode optical fiber can serve as a fabulous spatial filter, so that dissipating
It penetrates noise to be removed well, and light beam S is coupled into the spectrometer.
The laser propagation and measurement process of invention device are as follows:
Incident laser is divided into four bundles light a, b, c and d about the same by the four aperture plates, wherein light beam
A, b, c are incident on first reflecting mirror, and light beam d, which is incident on second reflecting mirror, introduces time delay and energy
Decaying is used as unknown smooth U.Light after the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror reflection of four bundles light a, b, c and d by described
Road deviation, then be reflected on second spherical reflector via the 5th plane mirror.Second spherical surface
Reflecting mirror light beam a, b, c and U are propagated back through by former optical axis the circular hole of the 5th plane mirror the center point and
The second nonlinear dielectric piece nearby focuses.Three-beam a, b, c generate transient state light by second nonlinear dielectric
Gate signal is as reference light R, and by the phase-matching condition of transient grating effect, it can be concluded that, unknown smooth U and reference light R are in space
It is upper almost conllinear, referred to as S.The lens on light beam S is collimated.The fiber coupler is only coupled light beam S
Enter the single mode optical fiber and finally imports the spectrometer.Unknown smooth U and reference light R with certain time interval are in institute
Spectral interference striped is formed in the spectrometer stated, by carrying out at Fourier trasform spectroscopy Non-Interference Algorithm to spectral interference striped
Reason, unknown smooth U time-domain pulse shape and phase and frequency-domain impulse spectrum and phase may finally be reconstructed, thus realize for
The measurement of incident laser pulse.
The present invention has following distinguishing feature:
1, reduce the dispersive influence of transmissive element introducing all without using transmissive element before reference light generation, survey
It is more accurate to measure, therefore the measurement of the femto-second laser pulse to period magnitude may be implemented, while can be to from ultraviolet to close red
The femto-second laser pulse of outer difference spectral region measures.
2, on the one hand second plane mirror decays to light beam d, and can further be changed by adjusting its pitching
Become the energy size that unknown light beam U is coupled in optical fiber；It on the other hand can be by adjusting itself and first plane reflection
The relative position of mirror introduces time difference of light beam d Yu other three-beams.Energy between the light and reference light to be measured of this sampling device
Magnitude relation and time interval can be with flexible modulations.
3, spherical reflector is reversely assembled four beam directional lights by former optical axis, and spherical reflector off axis reflector is avoided to introduce broom
Difference influences measurement result.
4, single mode optical fiber can serve as a fabulous space filtering in reference light and unknown importing fiber spectrometer
Device, so that shot noise is removed well.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 (a) is 1 structure of embodiment of present invention miniaturization total-reflection type femto-second laser pulse shape width of measuring device
Index path；Fig. 1 (b) is 2 structure of embodiment of present invention miniaturization total-reflection type femto-second laser pulse shape width of measuring device
Index path
Fig. 2 is the measurement result figure of embodiment 1, wherein (a) is frequency domain interference fringe (Inter, solid black lines), reference
Pulse spectrum (Ref, black chain-dotted line) and pulse spectrum to be measured (Test, black dotted line)；(b) it is rebuild for actual measurement and algorithm
Reference pulse and pulse pair ratio to be measured: actual measurement reference pulse spectrum (black dotted lines), algorithm rebuild reference pulse spectrum
(filled light grey), actual measurement pulse to be measured (Dark grey solid line), algorithm rebuild pulse (black chain-dotted line) to be measured, frequency domain phase
Position (the short chain-dotted line of Dark grey)；It (c) is that obtained time-domain shape (black dotted lines) and time domain phase information are rebuild in pulse to be measured
(solid black lines).
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification, but this should not be limited with this
The protection scope of invention.
Shown in 1 measuring device of the embodiment of the present invention such as Fig. 1 (a), the optics that whole device is placed in one piece of 250*150mm is flat
On plate, the device used in example device includes: four aperture plates 1 (each hole diameter is 3mm, spacing 4.24mm),
First plane mirror 2 (the L-type reflecting mirror of plating silverskin), (uncoated apex angle is the quartzy glass of 5 ° of wedge shapes to second plane mirror 3
Glass piece), the first spherical reflector 4 (plating silverskin, focal length 100mm), the 5 (quartz glass of 0.5mm thickness of the first nonlinear dielectric
Piece), third plane mirror 6 (plating silverskin, diameter is about 3mm), fourth plane reflecting mirror 7 (plating silverskin reflecting mirror), lens 8
(quartz, focal length 100mm), fiber coupler 9, single mode optical fiber 10 and spectrometer 11.
The femtosecond laser to be measured of about 1uJ/1kHz/800nm successively passes through the four aperture plates 1, and described
One plane mirror 2 and the second plane mirror 3.The center of the incident laser beam and the four aperture light
The center of the rectangle for the aperture composition that four etc. big on late plate 1 is overlapped, and incident laser is divided by the four aperture plates 1
At four bundles light a, b, c and d about the same, wherein light beam a, b, c are incident on first plane mirror 2, and light beam d enters
It is mapped in the second plane mirror 3.3 one side of second plane mirror decays to light beam d, and can
To further change the energy size that light beam d is coupled in optical fiber by adjusting its pitching；It on the other hand can be by adjusting it
The time difference of light beam d Yu other three-beams are introduced with the relative position of first plane mirror 2.The time will be introduced
The d light beam of delay and energy attenuation is as unknown smooth U.Four bundles light a, b, c and d pass through first plane mirror 2 and institute
The second plane mirror 3 stated reflect after 90 degree of optical path-deflecting, what is successively passed through along optical path direction is first spherical surface
Reflecting mirror 4, first nonlinear dielectric 5, the third plane mirror 6.First spherical reflector 4 is to four
Parallel ray beam is reversely focused along former optical axis direction, and the influence for the aberration being introduced into is minimized.Described first is non-linear
Medium 5 is located at 4 near focal point of the first spherical reflector.Energy stronger three-beam a, b, c are non-by described first
Linear medium piece 5 generate transient grating signal as reference light R, by the phase-matching condition of transient grating effect it can be concluded that,
Unknown smooth U and reference light R is spatially almost conllinear, referred to as S.The third plane mirror 6 and optical axis is at about 45 degree
Angle is placed, and turn 90 degrees four bundles light partially again convenient for the acquisition of light beam S.In order to make optical path miniaturization more compact, described
Four plane mirrors 7 carry out 90 degree of deflections to four bundles light again and collimate via the lens 8.The fiber coupler 9
Light beam S is only set to be coupled into the single mode optical fiber 10, the single mode optical fiber 10 can serve as a fabulous space filtering
Device, so that shot noise is removed well.Unknown smooth U and reference light R with certain time interval are in the spectrum
Spectral interference striped is formed in instrument 11, by carrying out the processing of Fourier trasform spectroscopy Non-Interference Algorithm to spectral interference striped, finally
Unknown smooth U time-domain pulse shape and phase and frequency-domain impulse spectrum and phase can be reconstructed, to realize for light to be measured
Measurement, measurement result is as shown in Figure 2.
Shown in 2 measuring device of the embodiment of the present invention such as Fig. 1 (b), the optics that whole device is placed in one piece of 250*150mm is flat
On plate, the device used in example device includes: four aperture plates 1 (each hole diameter is 3mm, spacing 4.24mm),
First plane mirror 2 (the L-type reflecting mirror of plating silverskin), (uncoated apex angle is the quartzy glass of 5 ° of wedge shapes to second plane mirror 3
Glass piece), (plating silverskin, it is 3mm and with mirror surface at 45 that the center point has a diameter to the 5th plane mirror 12。The circular hole at angle), second
Spherical reflector 13 (plating silverskin, focal length 100mm), the second nonlinear dielectric 14 (quartz glass plate of 0.5mm thickness), lens 8
(quartz, focal length 100mm), fiber coupler 9, single mode optical fiber 10 and spectrometer 11.
The femtosecond laser to be measured of about 1uJ/1kHz/800nm successively passes through the four aperture plates 1, and described first
Plane mirror 2 and the second plane mirror 3.The center of the incident laser beam and four apertures
The center of the rectangle for the aperture composition that four etc. big on plate 1 is overlapped, and incident laser is divided by the four aperture plates 1
Four bundles light a, b, c and d about the same, wherein light beam a, b, c are incident on first plane mirror 2, and light beam d is incident
Onto the second plane mirror 3.3 one side of second plane mirror decays to light beam d, and can be with
The energy size that light beam d is coupled in optical fiber is further changed by adjusting its pitching；On the other hand can by adjust its with
The relative position of first plane mirror 2 introduces time difference of light beam d Yu other three-beams.To introduce the time prolongs
Late and the d light beam of energy attenuation is as unknown smooth U.Four bundles light a, b, c and d are by first plane mirror 2 and described
Second plane mirror 3 reflect after 90 degree of optical path-deflecting, the 5th plane mirror 12 makes four beam directional lights again
90 degree of line deviation are incident on second spherical reflector 13.Second spherical reflector 13 is by four beam directional light edges
Former optical axis reversely focus, be just passed through the circular hole of 12 the center point of the 5th plane mirror.Described second is non-linear
Medium 14 is located at 13 near focal point of the second spherical reflector.Energy stronger three-beam a, b, c pass through described second
Nonlinear dielectric piece 14 generates transient grating signal as reference light R, can be obtained by the phase-matching condition of transient grating effect
Out, unknown smooth U and reference light R is spatially almost conllinear, referred to as S.The lens 8 collimate light beam S.The optical fiber
Coupler 9 only makes light beam S be coupled into the single mode optical fiber 10, and the single mode optical fiber 10 can serve as a fabulous sky
Between filter so that shot noise is removed well.Unknown smooth U and reference light R with certain time interval is described
Spectrometer 11 in formed spectral interference striped, by spectral interference striped carry out Fourier trasform spectroscopy Non-Interference Algorithm at
Reason, unknown smooth U time-domain pulse shape and phase and frequency-domain impulse spectrum and phase may finally be reconstructed, thus realize for
The measurement of light to be measured.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of miniaturization total-reflection type femto-second laser pulse shape width of measuring device, comprising: four aperture plates (1), the
One plane mirror (2), second plane mirror (3), the first spherical reflector (4), the first nonlinear dielectric (5), third are flat
Face reflecting mirror (6), fourth plane reflecting mirror (7), lens (8), fiber coupler (9), single mode optical fiber (10) and spectrometer (11)；
Light channel structure is as follows: the big aperture such as the center of incident laser beam and four upper four of the aperture plates (1)
The center of the rectangle of composition is overlapped, and the laser beam of incidence is divided into light beam a by the four aperture plates (1), b, c with
D, wherein light beam a, b, c are reflected through first plane mirror (2), and light beam d is anti-through the second plane mirror (3)
Penetrate, the second plane mirror (3) on the one hand decays to light beam d, and can by adjust its pitching or partially
Folding, on the other hand can be anti-with first plane by adjusting it to change the energy size that light beam d is coupled in optical fiber
The relative position of mirror (2) is penetrated to introduce the time difference of light beam d Yu other three-beams, the second plane mirror will be passed through
(3) light beam of time delay and energy attenuation is introduced after as unknown smooth U, first spherical reflector (4) is by light beam
A, b, c, U are reversely focused by former optical axis, and first nonlinear dielectric (5) is located at first spherical reflector (4)
Near focal point, three-beam a, b, c generate transient grating signal as reference light R, not by first nonlinear dielectric (5)
Know that light U and reference light R are spatially conllinear, referred to as S, the third plane mirror (6) makes light beam a, b, c, and S is deflected,
The fourth plane reflecting mirror (7) carries out deflection to light beam a, b, c, S again and collimates via the lens (8), described
Fiber coupler (9) so that light beam S is coupled into the single mode optical fiber (10), the single mode optical fiber (10) couples light beam S
Into the spectrometer (11).
2. a kind of miniaturization total-reflection type femto-second laser pulse shape width of measuring device, comprising: four aperture plates (1), the
One plane mirror (2), second plane mirror (3), the 5th plane mirror (12), the second spherical reflector (13), second
Nonlinear dielectric (14), lens (8), fiber coupler (9), single mode optical fiber (10) and spectrometer (11)；
Light channel structure is as follows:
In the rectangle of the big aperture composition such as the center of incident laser beam and four upper four of the aperture plates (1)
The heart is overlapped, and the laser beam of the incidence is divided into four bundles light beam a, b, c and d by the four aperture plates (1), wherein light beam
A, b, c are reflected through first plane mirror (2), and light beam d is reflected through the second plane mirror (3), four bundles light
Beam is turn 90 degrees partially, through the 5th plane mirror (12) make again four beam collimated light beams turn 90 degrees partially be incident on it is described
On second spherical reflector (13), the second plane mirror (3) on the one hand decays to light beam d, and can lead to
Its pitching or deviation are overregulated to further change the energy size that light beam d is coupled in optical fiber, on the other hand can be passed through
Its relative position with first plane mirror (2) is adjusted to introduce the time difference of light beam d Yu other three-beams, it will be through
It crosses after the second plane mirror (3) and introduces the light beam of time delay and energy attenuation as unknown smooth U, described the
Five plane mirrors (12) the center point has an aperture, and light beam a, b, c and U are pressed former optical axis by second spherical reflector (13)
Propagate back through the circular hole of the 5th described plane mirror (12) the center point and in second nonlinear dielectric (14)
It focuses, three-beam a, b, c generate transient grating signal as reference light R by second nonlinear dielectric (14), unknown
Light U and reference light R are spatially conllinear, referred to as S, and the fiber coupler (9) makes light beam S be coupled into the single-mode optics
Fine (10), the single mode optical fiber (10) can serve as a fabulous spatial filter, so that shot noise is able to well
Removal, and light beam S is coupled into the spectrometer (11).
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| CN102944313A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-27 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Multifunctional femtosecond laser pulse measuring device |
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