CN108057260B - Extraction process capable of increasing yield of effective components in ants - Google Patents
Extraction process capable of increasing yield of effective components in ants Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001420794 Formica rufa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003815 supercritical carbon dioxide extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/028—Flow sheets
- B01D11/0284—Multistage extraction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0203—Solvent extraction of solids with a supercritical fluid
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extraction process capable of improving the yield of effective components in ants, which comprises the following steps: step 1) selecting ant polypide; step 2) placing the ant bodies in drying equipment, adjusting the drying equipment, so that the drying equipment can alternately provide hot air and cold air to the ant bodies, and finally, feeding the cold air until the ant bodies are reduced to the room temperature after the drying process is finished; step 3) putting the ant polypide into a carbon dioxide extractor, and performing cell wall breaking treatment twice in sequence; step 4) dividing the whole extraction process into 4 stages, wherein the flow of carbon dioxide is increased from the first stage to the last stage; a first transition section is arranged between the first stage and the second stage, and the flow rates of carbon dioxide in the first transition section, the second transition section and the third transition section all tend to increase linearly; and 5) after the extraction is finished, sending the extraction fluid into a separator for separation. The invention improves the yield of the effective components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to an extraction process capable of improving the yield of effective components in ants.
Background
The ant contains abundant business materials and has good medicinal value. Research shows that the ant powder has pharmacological effects on resisting inflammation, easing pain, killing bacteria, preventing and resisting cancer, improving immunity and the like. However, the traditional ant processing method mainly comprises crushing, grinding and organic solvent extraction. The crushing and grinding method can not effectively remove impurities such as silt, leaves or grass scraps on ants, has the problems of excessive heavy metals and the like, and some bioactive substances are easy to lose in the processing process. The organic solvent extraction method can extract effective components in ants, but has the problems of solvent residue, influence on product quality, environmental pollution, long production period and high energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide an extraction process capable of improving the yield of effective components in ants, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) selecting an artificially cultured or wild complete ant insect body, and cleaning the ant insect body with clear water;
step 2) placing the ant insect bodies treated in the step 1) into a drying device, and adjusting the drying device, so that the drying device can alternately provide hot air and cold air to the interior of the drying device, wherein the temperature of the hot air is 50-60 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 10-13m3The temperature of the cold air is 20-30 ℃, and the flow rate of the cold air is 3-4m3Per hour, heat at each timeThe duration of the wind is 5-8min, the duration of cold wind is 3-5min each time, the drying process lasts for 2-3h, and after the drying process is finished, cold wind is fed until the ant insect body is cooled to the room temperature;
step 3) placing the ant polypide prepared in the step 2) into a carbon dioxide extractor, and performing cell wall breaking treatment twice in sequence, wherein in the first cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 10-12MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 25-30 ℃, the time is 5-10min, then reducing the pressure in the carbon dioxide extractor to 5MPa through a pressure reducer, standing for 20-30min, and performing second cell wall breaking treatment, wherein in the second cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 35-40MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the time is 60-80 min;
step 4) continuously placing the ant polypide subjected to the cell wall breaking twice in the step 3) in a carbon dioxide extractor for extraction, wherein the extraction pressure is 38-40MPa, the extraction temperature is 50-55 ℃, the whole extraction process is divided into 4 stages, and the flow of carbon dioxide is sequentially increased from the first stage to the last stage, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
in the first stage, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 5-7m3H, duration of 30-40min, and in the second stage, flow rate of carbon dioxide is 10-13m3The duration is 1-2h, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide is 18-20m3/h in the third stage, the duration is 1-2h, and the flow rate of the carbon dioxide is 40-50m in the fourth stage3The duration is 3 to 4 hours;
and 5) after extraction is finished, sending the extraction fluid prepared in the step 4) into a separator for separation, wherein the primary separation pressure of the separator is 20-25MPa, the separation temperature is 50-55 ℃, the separation time is 5-10min, the secondary separation pressure of the separator is 10-15MPa, the separation temperature is 50-55 ℃, the separation time is 5-10min, the tertiary separation pressure of the separator is 5-8MPa, the separation temperature is 50-55 ℃, and the separation time is 5-10 min.
Preferably, in the extraction process capable of improving the yield of the effective components in the ants,in the step 2), the temperature of the hot air is 50 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 10m3The temperature of the cold air is 20 ℃, and the flow rate of the cold air is 3m3And h, the duration of hot air is 5min each time, the duration of cold air is 3min each time, and the drying process lasts for 2 h.
Preferably, in the extraction process capable of improving the yield of the effective ingredients in the ants, in the step 5), the primary separation pressure of the separator is 20MPa, the separation temperature is 50 ℃, and the separation time is 5 min.
Preferably, in the extraction process capable of improving the yield of the effective ingredients in the ants, in the step 5), the secondary separation pressure of the separator is 10MPa, the separation temperature is 50 ℃, and the separation time is 5 min.
Preferably, in the extraction process capable of improving the yield of the effective ingredients in the ants, in the step 5), the three-stage separation pressure of the separator is 5MPa, the separation temperature is 50 ℃, and the separation time is 5 min.
Preferably, in the extraction process capable of improving the yield of the active ingredients in the ants, in the step 4), a first transition section is arranged between the first stage and the second stage, a second transition section is arranged between the second stage and the third stage, a third transition section is arranged between the third stage and the fourth stage, the duration of the first transition section is 5min, the duration of the second transition section is 5min, the duration of the third transition section is 10min, and the flow rates of carbon dioxide in the first transition section, the second transition section and the third transition section all tend to increase linearly.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an extraction process capable of improving the yield of effective components in ants, which comprises the following steps: step 1) selecting an artificially cultured or wild complete ant insect body, and cleaning the ant insect body with clear water; step 2) placing the ant insect bodies treated in the step 1) into a drying device, and adjusting the drying device, so that the drying device can alternately provide hot air to the interior of the drying deviceAnd cold air, wherein the temperature of the hot air is 50-60 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 10-13m3The temperature of the cold air is 20-30 ℃, and the flow rate of the cold air is 3-4m3The duration time of hot air is 5-8min each time, the duration time of cold air is 3-5min each time, the drying process lasts for 2-3h, and after the drying process is finished, cold air is fed until the ant insect body is cooled to the room temperature; step 3) placing the ant polypide prepared in the step 2) into a carbon dioxide extractor, and performing cell wall breaking treatment twice in sequence, wherein in the first cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 10-12MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 25-30 ℃, the time is 5-10min, then reducing the pressure in the carbon dioxide extractor to 5MPa through a pressure reducer, standing for 20-30min, and performing second cell wall breaking treatment, wherein in the second cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 35-40MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the time is 60-80 min; step 4) continuously placing the ant polypide subjected to the cell wall breaking twice in the step 3) in a carbon dioxide extractor for extraction, wherein the extraction pressure is 38-40MPa, the extraction temperature is 50-55 ℃, the whole extraction process is divided into 4 stages, and the flow of carbon dioxide is sequentially increased from the first stage to the last stage, and the specific process comprises the following steps: in the first stage, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 5-7m3H, duration of 30-40min, and in the second stage, flow rate of carbon dioxide is 10-13m3H, duration of 1-2h, and in the third stage, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 18-20m3H, duration of 1-2h, and in the fourth stage, flow rate of carbon dioxide is 40-50m3The duration is 3 to 4 hours; and 5) after extraction is finished, sending the extraction fluid prepared in the step 4) into a separator for separation, wherein the primary separation pressure of the separator is 20-25MPa, the separation temperature is 50-55 ℃, the separation time is 5-10min, the secondary separation pressure of the separator is 10-15MPa, the separation temperature is 50-55 ℃, the separation time is 5-10min, the tertiary separation pressure of the separator is 5-8MPa, the separation temperature is 50-55 ℃, and the separation time is 5-10 min. The present invention adopts supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method to make ant body enter into ant bodyThe effective components can be fully released by breaking the cell wall, and the extraction and separation treatment is further carried out by adopting a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method, so that the damage of mechanical crushing to the effective components is avoided, the effective components are retained to the maximum extent, and the yield of the effective components is improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
Example 1
Step 1) selecting an artificially cultured or wild complete ant insect body, and cleaning the ant insect body with clear water; the ant insect is red forest ant;
step 2) placing the ant insect bodies treated in the step 1) into a drying device, and adjusting the drying device, so that the drying device can alternately provide hot air and cold air to the interior of the drying device, wherein the temperature of the hot air is 50-60 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 10-13m3The temperature of the cold air is 20-30 ℃, and the flow rate of the cold air is 3-4m3The duration time of hot air is 5-8min each time, the duration time of cold air is 3-5min each time, the drying process lasts for 2-3h, and after the drying process is finished, cold air is fed until the ant insect body is cooled to the room temperature;
step 3) placing the ant polypide prepared in the step 2) into a carbon dioxide extractor, and performing cell wall breaking treatment twice in sequence, wherein in the first cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 10MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 25 ℃, the time is 5min, then reducing the pressure in the carbon dioxide extractor to 5MPa through a pressure reducer, standing for 20min, and performing second cell wall breaking treatment, wherein in the second cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 35MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 45 ℃, and the time is 60 min;
and 4) continuously placing the ant polypide subjected to the cell wall breaking twice in the step 3) in a carbon dioxide extractor for extraction, wherein the extraction pressure is 38MPa, the extraction temperature is 50 ℃, the whole extraction process is divided into 4 stages, and the flow of carbon dioxide is sequentially increased from the first stage to the last stage, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
in the first stage, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 5m3H, duration 30min, in the second stage, a flow of carbon dioxide of 10m3H, duration 1h, flow rate of carbon dioxide 18m in the third stage3A duration of 1h, a flow rate of 40m carbon dioxide in the fourth stage3H, the duration is 3 h;
a first transition section is arranged between the first stage and the second stage, a second transition section is arranged between the second stage and the third stage, a third transition section is arranged between the third stage and the fourth stage, the duration of the first transition section is 5min, the duration of the second transition section is 5min, the duration of the third transition section is 10min, and the flow rates of carbon dioxide in the first transition section, the second transition section and the third transition section all tend to increase linearly;
after the extraction is finished, sending the extraction fluid prepared in the step 4) into a separator for separation, wherein the primary separation pressure of the separator is 20MPa, the separation temperature is 50 ℃, the separation time is 5min, the secondary separation pressure of the separator is 10MPa, the separation temperature is 50 ℃, the separation time is 5min, the tertiary separation pressure of the separator is 5MPa, the separation temperature is 50 ℃, and the separation time is 5 min;
step 6), after the separation is finished, controlling the temperature in the separator to be reduced to the normal temperature at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, and taking out the extraction product from the separator;
and 7) filling the extraction product prepared in the step 6) into a container, and then sealing and storing the container.
Example 2
Step 1) selecting an artificially cultured or wild complete ant insect body, and cleaning the ant insect body with clear water; the ant insect is red ant;
step 2) placing the ant insect bodies treated in the step 1) into a drying device, and adjusting the drying device, so that the drying device can alternately provide hot air and cold air to the interior of the drying device, wherein the temperature of the hot air is 50-60 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 10-13m3The temperature of the cold air is 20-30 ℃, and the flow rate of the cold air is 3-4m3The duration time of hot air is 5-8min each time, the duration time of cold air is 3-5min each time, the drying process lasts for 2-3h, and after the drying process is finished, cold air is fed until the ant insect body is cooled to the room temperature;
step 3) placing the ant polypide prepared in the step 2) into a carbon dioxide extractor, and performing cell wall breaking treatment twice in sequence, wherein in the first cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 12MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 30 ℃, the time is 10min, then the pressure in the carbon dioxide extractor is reduced to 5MPa through a pressure reducer, standing is performed for 30min, and then secondary cell wall breaking treatment is performed, wherein in the second cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 40MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 55 ℃, and the time is 80 min;
and 4) continuously placing the ant polypide subjected to the cell wall breaking twice in the step 3) in a carbon dioxide extractor for extraction, wherein the extraction pressure is 40MPa, the extraction temperature is 55 ℃, the whole extraction process is divided into 4 stages, and the flow of carbon dioxide is sequentially increased from the first stage to the last stage, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
in the first stage, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 7m3H, duration 40min, in the second stage, flow of carbon dioxide 13m3H, duration 2h, in the third stage, carbon dioxideAt a flow rate of 20m3H, duration 2h, flow rate of carbon dioxide 50m in the fourth stage3H, the duration is 4 h;
a first transition section is arranged between the first stage and the second stage, a second transition section is arranged between the second stage and the third stage, a third transition section is arranged between the third stage and the fourth stage, the duration of the first transition section is 5min, the duration of the second transition section is 5min, the duration of the third transition section is 10min, and the flow rates of carbon dioxide in the first transition section, the second transition section and the third transition section all tend to increase linearly;
after the extraction is finished, sending the extraction fluid prepared in the step 4) into a separator for separation, wherein the primary separation pressure of the separator is 25MPa, the separation temperature is 55 ℃, the separation time is 10min, the secondary separation pressure of the separator is 15MPa, the separation temperature is 55 ℃, the separation time is 10min, the tertiary separation pressure of the separator is 8MPa, the separation temperature is 55 ℃, and the separation time is 10 min;
step 6), after the separation is finished, controlling the temperature in the separator to be reduced to the normal temperature at the speed of 1 ℃/min, and taking out the extraction product from the separator;
and 7) filling the extraction product prepared in the step 6) into a container, and then sealing and storing the container.
Example 3
Step 1) selecting an artificially cultured or wild complete ant insect body, and cleaning the ant insect body with clear water; the ant insect is brown Shalin ant;
step 2) placing the ant insect bodies treated in the step 1) into a drying device, and adjusting the drying device, so that the drying device can alternately provide hot air and cold air to the interior of the drying device, wherein the temperature of the hot air is 50-60 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 10-13m3The temperature of the cold air is 20-30 ℃, and the flow rate of the cold air is 3-4m3H, duration of each hot blast is5-8min, wherein the duration of cold air is 3-5min each time, the drying process lasts for 2-3h, and when the drying process is finished, cold air is fed until the ant insect body is cooled to room temperature;
step 3) placing the ant polypide prepared in the step 2) into a carbon dioxide extractor, and performing cell wall breaking treatment twice in sequence, wherein in the first cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 10MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 25 ℃, the time is 5min, then reducing the pressure in the carbon dioxide extractor to 5MPa through a pressure reducer, standing for 30min, and performing second cell wall breaking treatment, wherein in the second cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 40MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 55 ℃, and the time is 80 min;
and 4) continuously placing the ant polypide subjected to the cell wall breaking twice in the step 3) in a carbon dioxide extractor for extraction, wherein the extraction pressure is 40MPa, the extraction temperature is 55 ℃, the whole extraction process is divided into 4 stages, and the flow of carbon dioxide is sequentially increased from the first stage to the last stage, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
in the first stage, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 5m3H, duration 30min, in the second stage, carbon dioxide flow 113m3H, duration 2h, flow rate of carbon dioxide 20m in the third stage3H, duration 2h, flow rate of carbon dioxide 50m in the fourth stage3H, the duration is 4 h;
a first transition section is arranged between the first stage and the second stage, a second transition section is arranged between the second stage and the third stage, a third transition section is arranged between the third stage and the fourth stage, the duration of the first transition section is 5min, the duration of the second transition section is 5min, the duration of the third transition section is 10min, and the flow rates of carbon dioxide in the first transition section, the second transition section and the third transition section all tend to increase linearly;
after the extraction is finished, sending the extraction fluid prepared in the step 4) into a separator for separation, wherein the primary separation pressure of the separator is 25MPa, the separation temperature is 55 ℃, the separation time is 5-10min, the secondary separation pressure of the separator is 15MPa, the separation temperature is 55 ℃, the separation time is 10min, the tertiary separation pressure of the separator is 8MPa, the separation temperature is 55 ℃, and the separation time is 10 min;
step 6), after the separation is finished, controlling the temperature in the separator to be reduced to the normal temperature at the speed of 1 ℃/min, and taking out the extraction product from the separator;
and 7) filling the extraction product prepared in the step 6) into a container, and then sealing and storing the container.
Example 4
Step 1) selecting an artificially cultured or wild complete ant insect body, and cleaning the ant insect body with clear water; the ant insect is brown Shalin ant;
step 2) placing the ant insect bodies treated in the step 1) into a drying device, and adjusting the drying device, so that the drying device can alternately provide hot air and cold air to the interior of the drying device, wherein the temperature of the hot air is 50-60 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 10-13m3The temperature of the cold air is 20-30 ℃, and the flow rate of the cold air is 3-4m3The duration time of hot air is 5-8min each time, the duration time of cold air is 3-5min each time, the drying process lasts for 2-3h, and after the drying process is finished, cold air is fed until the ant insect body is cooled to the room temperature;
step 3) placing the ant polypide obtained in the step 2) into a carbon dioxide extractor, and performing cell wall breaking treatment twice in sequence, wherein in the first cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 12MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 26 ℃, the time is 7min, then reducing the pressure in the carbon dioxide extractor to 5MPa through a pressure reducer, standing for 20-30min, and performing second cell wall breaking treatment, wherein in the second cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 37MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 45 ℃, and the time is 65 min;
and 4) continuously placing the ant polypide subjected to the cell wall breaking twice in the step 3) in a carbon dioxide extractor for extraction, wherein the extraction pressure is 40MPa, the extraction temperature is 55 ℃, the whole extraction process is divided into 4 stages, and the flow of carbon dioxide is sequentially increased from the first stage to the last stage, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
in the first stage, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 7m3H, duration 40min, in the second stage, flow of carbon dioxide 13m3A duration of 2h, a flow rate of 18m carbon dioxide in the third stage3H, duration 1h, flow rate of carbon dioxide 45m in the fourth stage3H, the duration is 3 h;
a first transition section is arranged between the first stage and the second stage, a second transition section is arranged between the second stage and the third stage, a third transition section is arranged between the third stage and the fourth stage, the duration of the first transition section is 5min, the duration of the second transition section is 5min, the duration of the third transition section is 10min, and the flow rates of carbon dioxide in the first transition section, the second transition section and the third transition section all tend to increase linearly;
after the extraction is finished, sending the extraction fluid prepared in the step 4) into a separator for separation, wherein the primary separation pressure of the separator is 20MPa, the separation temperature is 50 ℃, the separation time is 5min, the secondary separation pressure of the separator is 10MPa, the separation temperature is 50 ℃, the separation time is 10min, the tertiary separation pressure of the separator is 5MPa, the separation temperature is 50 ℃, and the separation time is 5 min;
step 6), after the separation is finished, controlling the temperature in the separator to be reduced to the normal temperature at the speed of 1 ℃/min, and taking out the extraction product from the separator;
and 7) filling the extraction product prepared in the step 6) into a container, and then sealing and storing the container.
Example 5
Step 1) selecting an artificially cultured or wild complete ant insect body, and cleaning the ant insect body with clear water; the ant insect is red forest ant;
step 2) placing the ant insect bodies treated in the step 1) into a drying device, and adjusting the drying device, so that the drying device can alternately provide hot air and cold air to the interior of the drying device, wherein the temperature of the hot air is 50-60 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 10-13m3The temperature of the cold air is 20-30 ℃, and the flow rate of the cold air is 3-4m3The duration time of hot air is 5-8min each time, the duration time of cold air is 3-5min each time, the drying process lasts for 2-3h, and after the drying process is finished, cold air is fed until the ant insect body is cooled to the room temperature;
step 3) placing the ant polypide prepared in the step 2) into a carbon dioxide extractor, and performing cell wall breaking treatment twice in sequence, wherein in the first cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 10MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 25 ℃, the time is 5min, then reducing the pressure in the carbon dioxide extractor to 5MPa through a pressure reducer, standing for 30min, and performing second cell wall breaking treatment, wherein in the second cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 40MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 45 ℃, and the time is 65 min;
and 4) continuously placing the ant polypide subjected to the cell wall breaking twice in the step 3) in a carbon dioxide extractor for extraction, wherein the extraction pressure is 40MPa, the extraction temperature is 55 ℃, the whole extraction process is divided into 4 stages, and the flow of carbon dioxide is sequentially increased from the first stage to the last stage, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
in the first stage, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 5m3H, duration 35min, in the second stage, a flow of carbon dioxide of 10m3H, duration 1h, flow rate of carbon dioxide 20m in the third stage3H, duration 2h, flow rate of carbon dioxide 50m in the fourth stage3H, the duration is 4 h;
a first transition section is arranged between the first stage and the second stage, a second transition section is arranged between the second stage and the third stage, a third transition section is arranged between the third stage and the fourth stage, the duration of the first transition section is 5min, the duration of the second transition section is 5min, the duration of the third transition section is 10min, and the flow rates of carbon dioxide in the first transition section, the second transition section and the third transition section all tend to increase linearly;
after the extraction is finished, sending the extraction fluid prepared in the step 4) into a separator for separation, wherein the primary separation pressure of the separator is 20MPa, the separation temperature is 52 ℃, the separation time is 5min, the secondary separation pressure of the separator is 15MPa, the separation temperature is 52 ℃, the separation time is 5min, the tertiary separation pressure of the separator is 8MPa, the separation temperature is 52 ℃, and the separation time is 5 min;
step 6), after the separation is finished, controlling the temperature in the separator to be reduced to the normal temperature at the speed of 1 ℃/min, and taking out the extraction product from the separator;
and 7) filling the extraction product prepared in the step 6) into a container, and then sealing and storing the container.
Comparative example:
the effective components of ants are extracted by the existing organic solvent extraction method, 1000g of ants are treated, and the indexes of the extracted effective components are shown in table 1.
Effect verification:
5000g of ants were extracted as effective components by the method of examples 1 to 5. Wherein each example processed 1000 g. The indexes of the effective components of ants extracted in examples 1 to 5 are shown in table 1. The invention improves the yield of the effective components in the ants.
TABLE 1
| Examples | Active ingredient g) | Percent yield |
| Comparative example | 100.2 | 10.2 |
| Example 1 | 223.8 | 22.38 |
| Example 2 | 225.5 | 25.25 |
| Example 3 | 224.2 | 22.42 |
| Example 4 | 225.1 | 22.51 |
| Example 5 | 226.3 | 22.63 |
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of application of the invention, and further modifications may readily be effected by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. An extraction process capable of improving the yield of effective components in ants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) selecting an artificially cultured or wild complete ant insect body, and cleaning the ant insect body with clear water; the ant insect is red ant;
step 2) placing the ant insect bodies treated in the step 1) into a drying device, and adjusting the drying device, so that the drying device can alternately provide hot air and cold air to the interior of the drying device, wherein the temperature of the hot air is 50-60 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 10-13m3The temperature of the cold air is 20-30 ℃, and the flow rate of the cold air is 3-4m3The duration time of hot air is 5-8min each time, the duration time of cold air is 3-5min each time, the drying process lasts for 2-3h, and after the drying process is finished, cold air is fed until the ant insect body is cooled to the room temperature;
step 3) placing the ant polypide prepared in the step 2) into a carbon dioxide extractor, and performing cell wall breaking treatment twice in sequence, wherein in the first cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 12MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 30 ℃, the time is 10min, then the pressure in the carbon dioxide extractor is reduced to 5MPa through a pressure reducer, standing is performed for 30min, and then secondary cell wall breaking treatment is performed, wherein in the second cell wall breaking treatment process, the cell wall breaking pressure is 40MPa, the cell wall breaking temperature is 55 ℃, and the time is 80 min;
and 4) continuously placing the ant polypide subjected to the cell wall breaking twice in the step 3) in a carbon dioxide extractor for extraction, wherein the extraction pressure is 40MPa, the extraction temperature is 55 ℃, the whole extraction process is divided into 4 stages, and the flow of carbon dioxide is sequentially increased from the first stage to the last stage, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
in the first stage, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 7m3H, duration 40min, in the second stage, carbon dioxideHas a flow rate of 13m3H, duration 2h, flow rate of carbon dioxide 20m in the third stage3H, duration 2h, flow rate of carbon dioxide 50m in the fourth stage3H, the duration is 4 h;
a first transition section is arranged between the first stage and the second stage, a second transition section is arranged between the second stage and the third stage, a third transition section is arranged between the third stage and the fourth stage, the duration of the first transition section is 5min, the duration of the second transition section is 5min, the duration of the third transition section is 10min, and the flow rates of carbon dioxide in the first transition section, the second transition section and the third transition section all tend to increase linearly;
after the extraction is finished, sending the extraction fluid prepared in the step 4) into a separator for separation, wherein the primary separation pressure of the separator is 25MPa, the separation temperature is 55 ℃, the separation time is 10min, the secondary separation pressure of the separator is 15MPa, the separation temperature is 55 ℃, the separation time is 10min, the tertiary separation pressure of the separator is 8MPa, the separation temperature is 55 ℃, and the separation time is 10 min;
step 6), after the separation is finished, controlling the temperature in the separator to be reduced to the normal temperature at the speed of 1 ℃/min, and taking out the extraction product from the separator;
and 7) filling the extraction product prepared in the step 6) into a container, and then sealing and storing the container.
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