CN108055984A - A kind of method of fruit wild cabbage environmental health cultivation - Google Patents
A kind of method of fruit wild cabbage environmental health cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108055984A CN108055984A CN201711340735.9A CN201711340735A CN108055984A CN 108055984 A CN108055984 A CN 108055984A CN 201711340735 A CN201711340735 A CN 201711340735A CN 108055984 A CN108055984 A CN 108055984A
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- fertilizer
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of fruit wild cabbage environmental health cultivation, and this method includes:Part chemical fertilizer is substituted using functional microorganism organic fertilizer;Spray the environmental health cultivation technique of the pest and disease damages green prevention and control Integration ofTechnology such as microbial-bacterial fertilizer, biological pesticide, physics prevention and control.The present invention applies fruit wild cabbage environmental health cultural method, production overall process, which meets, eats the requirement of green product production technology regulation raw, excessive pesticide residue and environmental pollution caused by applying chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide can be efficiently solved, realizes the sustainable production of safety of fruit wild cabbage.The fruit wild cabbage produced in this manner, quality is excellent, meets the requirement that green eats product raw, wide market is notable to plantation enterprise and the effect of getting rich of plantation Increase Income of Peasant Households, and economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit are notable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that agricultural plantation technology field more particularly to fruit wild cabbage environmental health are cultivated.
Background technology
At present during Cabbage production, soil continuous cropping obstacle, soil productivity declines, and excessive applies chemical fertilizer and chemistry
Pesticide, nutritional quality, flavor quality be not high to affect victual quality and Agriculture Ecological Environment Security.With vegetables industry
Further development, soil protection ecological environment, realize wild cabbage sustainable development transformed into urgent requirement.
The content of the invention
The application declines for the prominent nutritional quality of fruit wild cabbage cultivation and flavor quality, and especially continuous cropping obstacle is tight
Weight, disease is multiple, and largely using chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide, productivity effect is not high and the practical problems such as poor quality, provides a kind of water
The method of fruit wild cabbage environmental health cultivation, this method substitute part chemical fertilizer using functional microorganism organic fertilizer;Spray microbial bacteria
Fertilizer, the environmental health cultivation technique of the pest and disease damages green prevention and control Integration ofTechnology such as biological pesticide, physics prevention and control improve soil environment,
It solves the contradiction of fruit wild cabbage cultivation continuous cropping obstacle, and starts with from improving the ecological environment, regulated and controled by soil micro-ecosystem reparation
Inhibit the generation and sprawling of disease, reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide in process of production, realize fruit wild cabbage
Good product quality, good taste, wholesome purpose, are also beneficial to preserve the ecological environment.
A kind of method of fruit wild cabbage environmental health cultivation, including:Part chemical fertilizer is substituted using functional microorganism organic fertilizer;
Spray microbial-bacterial fertilizer, biological pesticide;Pest and disease damage is prevented by physics prevention and control;
Wherein, functional microorganism organic fertilizer substitutes part chemical fertilizer and includes:40 kgs/acre of composite fertilizer, 12 kgs/acre of urea,
15 kgs/acre of potash fertilizer, 500 kgs/acre of organic commercial fertilizer, 0.5 kg/acre of borax, 8 kgs/acre of fertiliser containing magnesium, complex micro organism fungicide
100-200 grams/acre, wherein composite fertilizer, organic fertilizer, secondary and micro-element fertilizers, complex micro organism fungicide 100% do base manure, urea
Top dressing is done with potash fertilizer;
Spraying microbial-bacterial fertilizer includes:After wild cabbage field planting, after slow seedling survives, the kind that 500g dilutes 400-500 times is sprayed
Robust seedling;In the rosette state, spray leaf green health microbial inoculum 2-3 times;Rosette state to picking time, spray flowers and fruits rich microbial inoculum 1-2 times;
Spraying biological pesticide includes:It is eliminated aphis with 1% aqua 100ml of matrine is anti-to water 65kg sprayings;With 1.8% Ah
Tie up 3000-4000 times of liquid spraying prevention cabbage caterpillar of rhzomorph missible oil, diamondback moth and lopper worm;With 5% Zhongshengmycin soluble powder
1000 times of spraying prevention soft rot of agent and black rot;
Physics prevention and control include:Cover silver grey film and keep away aphid, yellow card's trap aphid, sex-trapping utensil and trapping lamp trap and kill Lepidoptera into
Worm.
Further, method as described above, the soil of the wild cabbage that grows fruit is pH5.8~6.2, soil layer it is deep it is loose,
Loam rich in organic matter, retain water and nutrients, preceding 2~3 years earth for not planting the crop in cruciferae such as Chinese cabbage, broccoli, wild cabbage
Soil block.
Further, method as described above, the variety selection Comprehensive Traits of the wild cabbage that grows fruit are good, resistance is strong, production
Amount is high, quality is excellent, good brightness, storage tolerance, commodity is good, in good taste fancy fruit head cabbage varieties-in sweet 101.
Further, method as described above, grow fruit wild cabbage when sowing selection in late June to early July.
Further, method as described above, grow fruit wild cabbage nursery stage include bed soil prepare, bed soil disinfection, broadcast
The measure of kind;
Wherein, bed soil preparation includes:Select 3 parts of 3 years fertile garden moulds for not planting brassicaceous vegetable with it is abundant decomposed
1 part of barnyard manure of sieving coordinates, and by per 1m3Add N:P2O5:K2O is 15:15:The simple substance of 15 ternary compound fertilizer 1kg or corresponding nutrients
Fertilizer is uniformly mixed for use, and bed soil is spread into seedbed, thickness 10cm;
Bed soil disinfection includes:It is mixed with 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder in 1: 1 ratio
It closes or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder is mixed with 70% mancozeb wettable powder in 9: 1 ratios, by every square metre of medication
8~10g, addition 1kg Tu Yuan and 4~5kg sieving fine earth of living mix, and 2/3rds are laid on bed surface during sowing, and 1/3rd cover
On seed;
Sowing includes:Vola water is poured in seedbed, bright water ooze it is dry after seed is uniformly sowed in bed surface, one layer 0.6 of covering~
0.8cm fine earths are broadcast afterwards and put up Small plastic shed, overlay film, to improve temperature.
Further, method as described above when the wild cabbage that grows fruit manages in seedling stage, including seedling stage temperature treatment, is divided
Management measure after seedling, seedling separation;
Wherein seedling stage temperature treatment includes:When sowing is to neat seedling, day temperature is controlled at 20~25 DEG C, and night temperature control is 15~16
℃;Qi Miao is to before being divided into seedlings, and day temperature is controlled at 18~23 DEG C, and night temperature control is at 13~15 DEG C;When seedling separation is to slow seedling, day temperature control exists
20~25 DEG C, night temperature control is at 14~16 DEG C;Slow seedling 10d to before being colonized, day temperature control at 18~23 DEG C, night temperature control 12~
15℃;10d is to being colonized before field planting, and day temperature is controlled at 15~20 DEG C, and night temperature control is at 8~16 DEG C;
Seedling separation includes:When 1~2 true leaf of seedling, it is divided into seedlings in nutritive cube, swings in seedbed;
Management after seedling separation includes:Bed soil is not dry after slow seedling does not water, and small water or water spray are preferably poured in watering, and 7d is irrigated before field planting
Water, and low temperature hardening is carried out, spray kind of robust seedling microbial inoculum 2-3 times.
Further, method as described above, the wild cabbage that grows fruit include site preparation and fertilization, the measure of field planting, are specially:
Site preparation and fertilization:It is preceding harvest after turn in time, base manure is applied when turning over;
Field planting method:It is planted using cave, seeding row spacing 40cm plays cave field planting.
Advantageous effect:
Part chemical fertilizer is substituted by functional microorganism organic fertilizer in fruit wild cabbage growth course;Spray microbial-bacterial fertilizer, life
The environmental healths cultivation technique such as object pesticide, physics prevention and control, it is ensured that the fruit wild cabbage planted out not only eliminates excessive chemical fertilizer and change
It learns to farm the pollution of medicine, improves soil environment, also assure fruit wild cabbage peculiar taste, realize fruit wild cabbage environmental health, height
The purpose produce, is high-quality, efficiently planted.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution below in the present invention carries out clear
Chu is fully described by, it is clear that described embodiment is part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without creative efforts
Embodiment belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Experimental example:
Control group:
Traditional cultivation:15-15-15 composite fertilizers calculate for main fertilizer, 100 kgs/acre of composite fertilizer, and ammonium hydrogen carbonate 50 is public
Pound/acre, for chemical fertilizer all as base manure, whole process uses chemical pesticide;
Embodiment:
Environmental health is cultivated.It is calculated by main fertilizer of 15-15-15 composite fertilizers, 40 kgs/acre of composite fertilizer, urea 12 is public
Pound/acre, 15 kgs/acre of potash fertilizer, 500 kgs/acre of organic commercial fertilizer, 0.5 kg/acre of borax, 8 kgs/acre of fertiliser containing magnesium, composite microbial
100-200 grams/acre of object microbial inoculum.Composite fertilizer, organic fertilizer, secondary and micro-element fertilizers 100% make base manure, and urea and potash fertilizer do top dressing.
After wild cabbage field planting, after slow seedling survives, to shorten seedling-slowing stage, the kind robust seedling that 500g dilutes 400-500 times is sprayed.Before rosette state,
Spray leaf green health microbial inoculum 100g/ times, it is 2-3 times common.Rosette state to the collecting period, spray 1-2 flowers and fruits rich microbial inoculum 100g/ times.It is whole
Using biological pesticide, and combine cultural control, physical control and biological control.Each 20 mu of cultivated area of processing.
Specific experiment process and result are as follows:
Provenance selection
Inventor should meet the regulation of NY/T391 according to production base environmental condition.It is deep thin with pH5.8~6.2, soil layer
Pine, the loam rich in organic matter, retain water and nutrients are advisable, and do not plant within first 2~3 years the Cruciferae such as Chinese cabbage, broccoli, wild cabbage work
The loam plot of object.
Variety selection
Selection Comprehensive Traits are good, and resistance is strong, yield is high, quality is excellent, good brightness, storage tolerance, commodity are good, in good taste
Fancy fruit head cabbage varieties-in sweet 101.
Date of seeding
Autumn wild cabbage is generally in late June to early July.
4th, nursery
1st, bed soil is prepared
3 years 3 parts of fertile garden moulds for not planting brassicaceous vegetable is selected to coordinate with 1 part fully decomposed of sieving barnyard manure, and
By every 1m3Add N:P2O5:K2O is 15:15:The straight fertilizer of 15 ternary compound fertilizer 1kg or corresponding nutrients is uniformly mixed for use.
Bed soil is spread into seedbed, the suitable 10cm of thickness.
2nd, bed soil sterilizes
It is mixed with 50% carbendazol wettable powder with 50% thiram wettable powder in 1: 1 ratio or 25% first is white
Clever wettable powder is mixed with 70% mancozeb wettable powder in 9: 1 ratios, by every square metre of 8~10g of medication, addition
1kg Tu Yuan and 4~5kg fine earths that sieve of living mix, and 2/3rds are laid on bed surface during sowing, and 1/3rd are covered on seed.
3rd, sow
Vola water is poured in seedbed, bright water ooze it is dry after seed is uniformly sowed in bed surface, cover one layer of 0.6~0.8cm fine earth.It broadcasts
Afterwards and put up Small plastic shed, overlay film, to improve temperature.
Seedling management
1st, seedling stage temperature treatment
Table 1 seedling stage temperature treatment
Time | Day temperature (DEG C) | Night temperature (DEG C) |
It sows to neat seedling | 20~25 | 15~16 |
Qi Miao is to before being divided into seedlings | 18~23 | 13~15 |
It is divided into seedlings to slow seedling | 20~25 | 14~16 |
Slow seedling 10d to before being colonized | 18~23 | 12~15 |
10d is extremely colonized before field planting | 15~20 | 8~16 |
2nd, it is divided into seedlings:When 1~2 true leaf of seedling, it is divided into seedlings in nutritive cube, swings in seedbed.
3rd, the management after being divided into seedlings:Bed soil is not dry after slow seedling does not water, and small water or water spray are preferably poured in watering.7d is irrigated before field planting
Water, and carry out low temperature hardening.Spray kind of robust seedling microbial inoculum 2-3 times, 100g/ times.
4th, strong sprout standard:Robust plant, 6~8 leaves, blade is plump, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm.
6th, site preparation is colonized
1st, site preparation and fertilization
It is preceding harvest after turn in time, base manure is applied when turning over.
2nd, field planting method
Cave hydroponics is preferably used, seeding row spacing 40cm plays cave field planting.
7th, field management
1st, tillage and weeding
Fine day intertillage is selected to weed with a hoe after field planting slow seedling, the rosette state combines weeding and carries out cultivation and banking.In plant Feng Hangqian
Last 1 intertillage is carried out, intertillage is fine, and weeding is clean, and pays attention to not hindering blade.
2nd, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is implemented, by selecting resistant variety, nurturing staff strengthens cultivation
Management, applies fertilizers scientifically, and improves and optimize Vegetable Field Ecosystem, creates an environment item for being conducive to cabbage growth and development
Part;Preferentially using cultural control, physical control, biological control, coordinate scientific and reasonable use chemical prevention, cabbage is had
The Risk health behavior of evil biology is below the economic threshold of permission.
2.1 cultural control
Select disease-free seed and disease-resistant improved seeds;Cultivate no disease and pests harm health strong sprout;Efficent rotation rotates crops;Pay attention in time
Draining is poured water, and prevents ponding and soil drought;Cleaning rural area is carried out in time, reduces disease pest source quantity.
2.2 physical control
2.2.1 cover silver grey film and keep away aphid
Every 667 ㎡ paving Silver Grey Mulching Film 5kg or the film item that silver grey film is cut into 10~15cm wide, film stripe pitch 10cm are indulged
It is horizontal to pull into mesh-shape.
2.2.2 yellow card's trap alatae is set
The strip that 100cm Paper or cardboards cut, colored yellow paint are cut into waste and old fibre Paper or cardboard, while applies last layer
Machine oil is hung in the ranks or between strain, is higher by the top of plant, when Dang Huangban sticks aphid, then is recoated one layer of machine oil, suitable 7~10d recoatings
Once.Every 667 ㎡ hangs 30~40 pieces of Yellow sticky trap.
2.2.3, trapping lamp is installed
In the relatively flat vegetable plot of physical features, trapping lamp should be in that checkerboard is laid out, and trapping lamp setting height(from bottom) is with 1.3-1.5 meters
Preferably.Begin to use in the local pest first meeting phase, 8 points of every night turns on light, and 7 points of morning turns off the light.
2.3 biological pesticides are prevented
Biological pesticide requirement:The stringent regulation by 393 pollution-free food Pesticide use criterions of NY/T performs, using life
Object pesticide is such as:It is eliminated aphis with 1% aqua 100ml of matrine is anti-to water 65kg sprayings;With 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000-
4000 times of liquid spraying prevention cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moth and lopper worm;The spraying prevention of 5% 1000 times of Zhongshengmycin wettable powder is soft
Maize ear rot and black rot.
8th, harvest
It shapes in leaf-head size, listing can be harvested when the degree of packing reaches eighty per cant successively according to the market demand.Remove simultaneously
Then the blade of yellow leaf or ill pityriasis simplex carries out classification packaging according to the size of ball.
9th, result of the test and comparative analysis
Statistical description:
(1) before the harvesting of fruit wild cabbage, observe and record in due course.Picking time randomly selects 20 plants in each cell, measures its biology
Learn character and yield.
(2) picking time measures pesticide residue, reduced sugar, nitrate, moisture, crude fibre and the Vc of each processing fruit wild cabbage
Content.
Influence of 1 different disposal of table to fruit wild cabbage economical character and yield
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to the fruit Cabbage Quality factor
By table 1, table 2 as can be seen that after using the method for the present invention cultivation fruit wild cabbage, ensureing character and yield almost
In the case of not reducing, the quality of fruit wild cabbage is improved, and plantation pollution is small, meets the requirement that green eats product raw.
Finally it should be noted that:The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that:It still may be used
To modify to the technical solution recorded in foregoing embodiments or carry out equivalent substitution to which part technical characteristic;
And these modification or replace, do not make appropriate technical solution essence depart from various embodiments of the present invention technical solution spirit and
Scope.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. method of fruit wild cabbage environmental health cultivation, which is characterized in that including:It is substituted using functional microorganism organic fertilizer Part chemical fertilizer;Spray microbial-bacterial fertilizer, biological pesticide;Pest and disease damage is prevented by physics prevention and control;Wherein, functional microorganism organic fertilizer substitutes part chemical fertilizer and includes:40 kgs/acre of composite fertilizer, 12 kgs/acre of urea, potash fertilizer 15 kgs/acre, 500 kgs/acre of organic commercial fertilizer, 0.5 kg/acre of borax, 8 kgs/acre of fertiliser containing magnesium, complex micro organism fungicide 100- 200 grams/acre, wherein composite fertilizer, organic fertilizer, secondary and micro-element fertilizers, complex micro organism fungicide 100% do base manure, urea and potassium Fertilizer does top dressing;Spraying microbial-bacterial fertilizer includes:After wild cabbage field planting, after slow seedling survives, the kind robust seedling that 500g dilutes 400-500 times is sprayed; In the rosette state, spray leaf green health microbial inoculum 2-3 times;Rosette state to picking time, spray flowers and fruits rich microbial inoculum 1-2 times;Spraying biological pesticide includes:It is eliminated aphis with 1% aqua 100ml of matrine is anti-to water 65kg sprayings;With 1.8% avermectin 3000-4000 times of liquid spraying prevention cabbage caterpillar of missible oil, diamondback moth and lopper worm;With 5% Zhongshengmycin soluble powder 1000 Spraying prevention soft rot and black rot again;Physics prevention and control include:It covers silver grey film and keeps away aphid, yellow card's trap aphid, sex-trapping utensil and trapping lamp trapping lepidoptera imago.
- 2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the soil for the wild cabbage that grows fruit is pH5.8~6.2, soil layer Deep loose, rich in organic matter, retain water and nutrients loam, does not plant the Cruciferae such as Chinese cabbage, broccoli, wild cabbage in first 2~3 years The loam plot of crop.
- 3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the variety selection Comprehensive Traits for the wild cabbage that grows fruit are good, anti- The inverse fancy fruit head cabbage varieties that property is strong, yield is high, quality is excellent, good brightness, storage tolerance, commodity are good, in good taste-in it is sweet 101。
- 4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, grow fruit wild cabbage when sowing selection in late June to July The first tenday period of a month.
- 5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the wild cabbage that grows fruit includes bed soil preparation, bed in nursery stage Soil disinfection, the measure of sowing;Wherein, bed soil preparation includes:Select 3 parts of 3 years fertile garden moulds for not planting brassicaceous vegetable and abundant decomposed sieving 1 part of cooperation of barnyard manure, and by per 1m3Add N:P2O5:K2O is 15:15:The straight fertilizer of 15 ternary compound fertilizer 1kg or corresponding nutrients It is uniformly mixed for use, bed soil is spread into seedbed, thickness 10cm;Bed soil disinfection includes:Mixed with 50% carbendazol wettable powder with 50% thiram wettable powder in 1: 1 ratio or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder is mixed with 70% mancozeb wettable powder in 9: 1 ratios, by every square metre of medication 8~ 10g, addition 1kg Tu Yuan and 4~5kg fine earth that sieves of living mix, and 2/3rds are laid on bed surface during sowing, and 1/3rd are covered in kind On son;Sowing includes:Vola water is poured in seedbed, bright water ooze it is dry after seed is uniformly sowed in bed surface, one layer of 0.6~0.8cm of covering is thin Soil is broadcast afterwards and puts up Small plastic shed, overlay film, to improve temperature.
- 6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the wild cabbage that grows fruit manages in seedling stage, including seedling stage temperature Management measure after degree management, seedling separation, seedling separation;Wherein seedling stage temperature treatment includes:When sowing is to neat seedling, day temperature is controlled at 20~25 DEG C, and night temperature control is at 15~16 DEG C; Qi Miao is to before being divided into seedlings, and day temperature is controlled at 18~23 DEG C, and night temperature control is at 13~15 DEG C;When seedling separation is to slow seedling, day temperature is controlled 20 ~25 DEG C, night temperature control is at 14~16 DEG C;Slow seedling 10d, day temperature to before being colonized are controlled at 18~23 DEG C, and night temperature control is 12~15 ℃;10d is to being colonized before field planting, and day temperature is controlled at 15~20 DEG C, and night temperature control is at 8~16 DEG C;Seedling separation includes:When 1~2 true leaf of seedling, it is divided into seedlings in nutritive cube, swings in seedbed;Management after seedling separation includes:Bed soil is not dry after slow seedling does not water, and small water or water spray are preferably poured in watering, and 7d is sprinkled profoundly water before field planting, And low temperature hardening is carried out, spray kind of robust seedling microbial inoculum 2-3 times.
- 7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, grow fruit wild cabbage include site preparation, fertilising, field planting arrange It applies, is specially:Site preparation and fertilization:It is preceding harvest after turn in time, base manure is applied when turning over;Field planting method:It is planted using cave, seeding row spacing 40cm plays cave field planting.
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