CN108054802B - Battery discharge equalization method - Google Patents

Battery discharge equalization method Download PDF

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CN108054802B
CN108054802B CN201711429697.4A CN201711429697A CN108054802B CN 108054802 B CN108054802 B CN 108054802B CN 201711429697 A CN201711429697 A CN 201711429697A CN 108054802 B CN108054802 B CN 108054802B
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bidirectional
battery
module
voltage
current
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CN108054802A (en
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刘慧�
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Shenzhen Jinsanpu Electronic Co ltd
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Shenzhen Jinsanpu Electronic Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电池放电均衡方法，该方法包括：(1)判断放电需求；(2)计算蓄电池属性；(3)计算双向DC/DC变换器性能；(4)形成配对关系。本发明提供的一种电池放电均衡方法,通过计算蓄电池属性和双向DC/DC变换器性能，来实现电池在放电工作过程中自动的电力平衡，保障了平衡的有效性。The invention discloses a battery discharge equalization method. The method includes: (1) judging discharge requirements; (2) calculating battery properties; (3) calculating bidirectional DC/DC converter performance; (4) forming a pairing relationship. The battery discharge balancing method provided by the invention realizes the automatic power balancing of the battery during the discharging process by calculating the properties of the battery and the performance of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the balancing.

Description

Battery discharge equalization method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery discharge equalization method, in particular to a battery discharge equalization method which can equalize batteries without changing the structures of the existing batteries and chargers.
Background
The voltage and current of the battery are set in grades, therefore, when the required power quality cannot be realized by 1 battery, a plurality of batteries are connected in series, parallel or series-parallel to provide larger voltage and current, and at this time, the connected batteries are used as a whole to realize the charging and discharging processes simultaneously. However, since the batteries themselves cannot be identical in terms of the process, the batteries are unbalanced after being charged and discharged for many times, and thus, circulation current occurs among the batteries, which affects the service life of the batteries.
The existing equalizing devices are all arranged in a specific mode, namely, no method is available for realizing equalization directly on the structures of the existing batteries and chargers through simple structural improvement, and the whole set of equipment needs to be replaced, so that the use cost is greatly improved; and the existing equalizing devices are used for further discharging the battery, such as discharging the battery to a resistor and a capacitor, and further charging the battery, however, in the case that the battery is frequently used, the equalizing method is extremely disadvantageous because there is not enough time for additional charging and discharging of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a battery discharge balancing method, which achieves automatic power balance of a battery during a discharge operation process by calculating battery properties and bidirectional DC/DC converter performance, and ensures the effectiveness of balance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a battery discharge equalization method, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) judging a discharge requirement;
(2) calculating the property of the storage battery;
(3) calculating the performance of the bidirectional DC/DC converter;
(4) forming a pairing relationship.
The battery discharge equalization method further meets the following conditions: the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
the load identification circuit detects whether a load requiring power supply exists or not, and sends a detection result to the controller, the controller judges whether to implement the step (2) or the step (3) according to the detection result, if the detection result shows that the load requiring power supply does not exist, the step (2) is implemented, and if the detection result shows that the load requiring power supply exists, the step (3) is skipped.
The battery discharge equalization method further meets the following conditions: the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
the controller detects whether the whole of the N storage battery modules connected in series has input current, and if not, controls a storage battery voltage detection device to be connected with the positive and negative battery connecting terminals of the storage battery module body in each storage battery module in sequence so as to detect the voltage V of the storage battery body in each storage battery moduleiThe controller is controlled according to the voltage V of the storage battery bodyiSequencing the N storage battery modules from high to low to form a storage battery sequence; and (4) returning to the step (1).
The battery discharge equalization method further meets the following conditions: the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
the controller simultaneously sends out a trigger signal and a starting zero clearing signal, wherein the trigger signal is used for controlling movable contacts of all the single-pole N-throw switches to be closed on 1 fixed contact of the single-pole N-throw switches so as to enable the N storage battery modules to be correspondingly connected with the N bidirectional DC/DC modules one by one according to a preset mode, namely, a positive battery connecting terminal and a negative battery connecting terminal of each storage battery body are respectively connected with a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal of a bidirectional DC/DC module body in one bidirectional DC/DC module through two single-pole N-throw switches, and electric power is transmitted to the bidirectional DC/DC module body from the storage battery body through the single-pole N-throw switches; the starting zero clearing signal is used for controlling each time delay timer connected with the output side of each bidirectional DC/DC module body in the N time delay timers to start zero clearing and start timing, the bidirectional DC/DC module body has response time, namely time difference exists between the input of electric power from one side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body and the output of the electric power from the other side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body, and the time delay timer connected with the output side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body does not count again when the voltage exists at the output side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body and is unchanged within a preset time range, so that a timing value T representing the working time delay of the N bidirectional DC/DC modules is obtained1、T2……TN；
When a voltage exists on the output side of a bidirectional DC/DC module body and the voltage is not changed within a preset time range, the controller firstly controls one of the N voltage detectors and the current detector corresponding to the bidirectional DC/DC module to measure the voltage and the current of the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body respectively and calculate the input power according to the voltage and the current, that is, the input power is the product of the voltage and the current, then the voltage detector and the current detector are controlled to respectively measure the voltage and the current of the output side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body, and the output power is calculated according to the voltage and the current, namely, the output power is the product of the voltage and the current, and the controller further calculates the ratio of the output power to the input power to obtain a conversion rate value u representing the working efficiency of the bidirectional DC/DC module.iFurther, a conversion rate value u representing the working efficiency of the N bidirectional DC/DC modules is obtained1、u2……uN；
The controller calculates an index D representing the working performance of the bidirectional DC/DC module according to the conversion rate value and the timing value, wherein the calculation formula of D is as follows: di＝-a1*ui/umax+a2*Ti/TmaxWherein a is1、a2Is a weight coefficient, i is 1, … …, N, uiIs the conversion ratio value, T, of the ith bidirectional DC/DC moduleiIs the timing value of the ith bidirectional DC/DC module, umaxIs the largest of the N slew rate values, TmaxIs the largest of the N timing values.
The battery discharge equalization method further meets the following conditions: the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
the controller sequences the N bidirectional DC/DC modules according to the sequence of the index D from high to low to form a bidirectional DC/DC module sequence, integrates the storage battery sequence to obtain one-to-one mapping from the storage battery sequence to the bidirectional DC/DC module sequence from front to back, determines the connection position of each single-pole N-throw switch in the switch module according to the mapping relation, and takes the connection position as a preset mode.
The battery discharge equalization method further meets the following conditions: the storage battery body is formed by connecting a plurality of storage battery monomers in parallel.
The battery discharge balancing method of the invention takes the power conversion efficiency and the response time of the converter into consideration, connects the storage battery with large voltage to the converter with long response time and low conversion efficiency, and further can consume more power of the storage battery, and connects the storage battery with small voltage to the converter with short response time and high conversion efficiency, and further can reduce the power consumption of the storage battery as much as possible, thereby realizing the balance of the power; in order to guarantee the accuracy of data, the same voltage and current detector is used for detecting the electric quantity on two sides of a converter, so that the deviation caused by different internal resistances of different detectors is avoided, and similarly, only one storage battery voltage detection device is used for sequentially detecting the voltages of all storage battery bodies.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment.
A method for equalizing discharge of a battery is characterized in that,
(1) judging the discharge requirement:
the load identification circuit detects whether a load needing power supply exists or not, and sends a detection result to the controller, the controller judges whether the step (2) or the step (3) is implemented next according to the detection result, if the detection result shows that the load needing power supply does not exist, the step (2) is implemented, and if the detection result shows that the load needing power supply exists, the step (3) is skipped;
(2) calculating the storage battery property:
the controller detects whether the whole of the N storage battery modules connected in series has input current, and if not, controls a storage battery voltage detection device to be connected with the positive and negative battery connecting terminals of the storage battery module body in each storage battery module in sequence so as to detect the voltage V of the storage battery body in each storage battery moduleiThe controller is controlled according to the voltage V of the storage battery bodyiSequencing the N storage battery modules from high to low to form a storage battery sequence; returning to the step(1)；
(3) Calculating the performance of the bidirectional DC/DC converter:
the controller simultaneously sends out a trigger signal and a starting zero clearing signal, wherein the trigger signal is used for controlling movable contacts of all the single-pole N-throw switches to be closed on 1 fixed contact of the single-pole N-throw switches so as to enable the N storage battery modules to be correspondingly connected with the N bidirectional DC/DC modules one by one according to a preset mode, namely, a positive battery connecting terminal and a negative battery connecting terminal of each storage battery body are respectively connected with a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal of a bidirectional DC/DC module body in one bidirectional DC/DC module through two single-pole N-throw switches, and electric power is transmitted to the bidirectional DC/DC module body from the storage battery body through the single-pole N-throw switches; the starting zero clearing signal is used for controlling each time delay timer connected with the output side of each bidirectional DC/DC module body in the N time delay timers to start zero clearing and start timing, the bidirectional DC/DC module body has response time, namely time difference exists between the input of electric power from one side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body and the output of the electric power from the other side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body, and the time delay timer connected with the output side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body does not count again when the voltage exists at the output side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body and is unchanged within a preset time range, so that a timing value T representing the working time delay of the N bidirectional DC/DC modules is obtained1、T2……TN；
When a voltage exists on the output side of a bidirectional DC/DC module body and the voltage is not changed within a preset time range, the controller firstly controls one of the N voltage detectors and the current detector corresponding to the bidirectional DC/DC module to measure the voltage and the current of the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body respectively and calculate the input power according to the voltage and the current, that is, the input power is the product of the voltage and the current, then the voltage detector and the current detector are controlled to respectively measure the voltage and the current of the output side of the bidirectional DC/DC module body, and the output power is calculated according to the voltage and the current, namely, the output power is the product of the voltage and the current, and the controller further calculates the ratio of the output power to the input power to obtain a conversion rate value u representing the working efficiency of the bidirectional DC/DC module.iAnd then further onObtaining a conversion rate value u representing the work efficiency of the N bidirectional DC/DC modules1、u2……uN；
The controller calculates an index D representing the working performance of the bidirectional DC/DC module according to the conversion rate value and the timing value, wherein the calculation formula of D is as follows: di＝-a1*ui/umax+a2*Ti/TmaxWherein a is1、a2Is a weight coefficient, i is 1, … …, N, uiIs the conversion ratio value, T, of the ith bidirectional DC/DC moduleiIs the timing value of the ith bidirectional DC/DC module, umaxIs the largest of the N slew rate values, TmaxIs the largest timing value among the N timing values;
(4) forming a pairing relation:
the controller sequences the N bidirectional DC/DC modules according to the sequence of the index D from high to low to form a bidirectional DC/DC module sequence, integrates the storage battery sequence to obtain one-to-one mapping from the storage battery sequence to the bidirectional DC/DC module sequence from front to back, determines the connection position of each single-pole N-throw switch in the switch module according to the mapping relation, and takes the connection position as a preset mode.
Example two.
The difference from the first embodiment is that the bidirectional DC/DC module is replaced by a bidirectional DC/AC module. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a method for equalizing discharge of a battery is characterized in that,
(1) judging the discharge requirement:
the load identification circuit detects whether a load needing power supply exists or not, and sends a detection result to the controller, the controller judges whether the step (2) or the step (3) is implemented next according to the detection result, if the detection result shows that the load needing power supply does not exist, the step (2) is implemented, and if the detection result shows that the load needing power supply exists, the step (3) is skipped;
(2) calculating the storage battery property:
the controller detects whether the N storage battery modules connected in series are integratedInputting current, if not, controlling a battery voltage detection device to be connected with the positive and negative battery connecting terminals of the battery module body in each battery module in sequence to detect the voltage V of the battery body in each battery moduleiThe controller is controlled according to the voltage V of the storage battery bodyiSequencing the N storage battery modules from high to low to form a storage battery sequence; returning to the step (1);
(3) calculating the performance of the bidirectional DC/AC converter:
the controller simultaneously sends out a trigger signal and a starting zero clearing signal, wherein the trigger signal is used for controlling movable contacts of all the single-pole N-throw switches to be closed on 1 fixed contact of the single-pole N-throw switches so as to enable the N storage battery modules to be correspondingly connected with the N bidirectional DC/AC modules one by one according to a preset mode, namely, a positive battery connecting terminal and a negative battery connecting terminal of each storage battery body are respectively connected with a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal of a bidirectional DC/AC module body in one bidirectional DC/AC module through the two single-pole N-throw switches, and electric power is transmitted to the bidirectional DC/AC module body from the storage battery body through the single-pole N-throw switches; the starting zero clearing signal is used for controlling each time delay timer connected with the output side of each bidirectional DC/AC module body in the N time delay timers to start zero clearing and start timing, the bidirectional DC/AC module body has response time, namely time difference exists between the input of electric power from one side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body and the output of the electric power from the other side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body, and the time delay timer connected with the output side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body does not count when the voltage exists at the output side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body and the voltage lasts for a certain time, so that a timing value t representing the work delay of the N bidirectional DC/AC modules is obtained1、t2……tN；
When voltage exists at the output side of a certain bidirectional DC/AC module body and lasts for a certain time, the controller firstly controls one voltage detector and one current detector corresponding to the bidirectional DC/AC module in the N voltage detectors and the current detectors to respectively measure the voltage and the current at the input side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body, calculates the input power according to the voltage and the current, namely the input power is the product of the voltage and the current, and then controls the electric powerThe voltage detector and the current detector respectively measure the voltage and the current at the output side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body, and calculate the output power according to the voltage and the current, namely the output power is the product of the amplitude of the voltage, the amplitude of the current and the cosine value of the phase angle difference of the voltage and the current, the controller further calculates the ratio of the output power and the input power to obtain a conversion rate value U representing the working efficiency of the bidirectional DC/DC moduleiFurther, a conversion rate value U representing the working efficiency of the N bidirectional DC/DC modules is obtained1、U2……UN；
The controller calculates an index d representing the working performance of the bidirectional DC/AC module according to the conversion rate value and the timing value, and the calculation formula of d is as follows: di＝-a1*Ui/Umax+a2*ti/tmaxWherein a is1、a2Is a weight coefficient, i is 1, … …, N, UiIs the conversion ratio value of the ith bidirectional DC/AC module, tiIs the timing value of the ith bidirectional DC/AC module, UmaxIs the largest of the N slew rate values, tmaxIs the largest timing value among the N timing values;
(4) forming a pairing relation:
the controller sequences the N bidirectional DC/AC modules according to the sequence of the index d from high to low to form a bidirectional DC/AC module sequence, integrates the storage battery sequence to obtain one-to-one mapping from the storage battery sequence to the bidirectional DC/AC module sequence from front to back, determines the connection position of each single-pole N-throw switch in the switch module according to the mapping relation, and takes the connection position as a preset mode.
Example three.
The difference from the first embodiment is that a battery voltage detection device is replaced by a battery level detection device, and when none of the N battery modules is used, that is, none of the N battery modules is charged or discharged, the controller controls the battery level detection device to be sequentially connected to each battery module to detect the soc of the battery body in each battery module. The controller sequences the N storage battery modules according to the sequence of the storage battery body soc from high to low to form a storage battery sequence.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are provided for further detailed description of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations on the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1.一种电池放电均衡方法,其特征在于，1. a battery discharge equalization method, is characterized in that, (1)判断放电需求：(1) Judging the discharge demand: 负载识别电路检测是否存在需要电力供应的负载，并将检测结果发送给控制器，控制器根据检测结果判断下一步是实施步骤(2)还是实施步骤(3)，如果检测结果表明不存在需要电力供应的负载则实施步骤(2)，如果检测结果表明存在需要电力供应的负载则跳至步骤(3)；The load identification circuit detects whether there is a load that requires power supply, and sends the detection result to the controller. The controller determines whether the next step is to implement step (2) or step (3) according to the detection result. If the detection result shows that there is no need for power For the supplied load, step (2) is implemented, and if the detection result indicates that there is a load that requires power supply, then jump to step (3); (2)计算蓄电池属性： (2) Calculate battery properties: 控制器检测N个串联连接的蓄电池模块整体是否有输入电流，如果没有则控制一个蓄电池电压检测装置依次与每个蓄电池模块中的蓄电池模块本体的正、负电池连接端子连接进而检测每个蓄电池模块中蓄电池本体的电压Vi，控制器按照蓄电池本体电压Vi从高到低的顺序对N个蓄电池模块进行排序，形成蓄电池序列；返回步骤(1)；The controller detects whether the N battery modules connected in series have input current as a whole, and if not, controls a battery voltage detection device to connect with the positive and negative battery connection terminals of the battery module body in each battery module in turn to detect each battery module. The voltage Vi of the middle battery body, the controller sorts the N battery modules according to the sequence of the battery body voltage Vi from high to low to form a battery sequence; return to step (1); (3)计算双向DC/AC变换器性能：(3) Calculate the performance of the bidirectional DC/AC converter: 控制器同时发出触发信号和启动清零信号，所述触发信号被用于控制所有单刀N掷开关的动触点闭合在其1个静触点上进而使得N个蓄电池模块与N个双向DC/AC模块按照预设方式一一对应连接，即使得每个蓄电池本体的正、负电池连接端子分别通过两个单刀N掷开关与一个双向DC/AC模块中双向DC/AC模块本体的正、负输入端子连接，电力从蓄电池本体通过单刀N掷开关传输给双向DC/AC模块本体；所述启动清零信号被用于控制N个延时计时器中的与每个双向DC/AC模块本体的输出侧连接的每个延时计时器启动清零并开始计时，由于双向DC/AC模块本体存在响应时间，即电力从双向DC/AC模块本体的一侧输入与电力从双向DC/AC模块本体的另一侧输出之间存在时间差，与双向DC/AC模块本体输出侧连接的延时计时器在检测到双向DC/AC模块本体输出侧存在电压且持续一定时间时不再计时，得到表现N个双向DC/AC模块工作延时的计时数值t1、t2……tN；The controller simultaneously sends out a trigger signal and a start clearing signal, the trigger signal is used to control the moving contacts of all single-pole N-throw switches to close on one of its static contacts, thereby making N battery modules and N bidirectional DC/ The AC modules are connected in one-to-one correspondence according to the preset method, that is, the positive and negative battery connection terminals of each battery body are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the bidirectional DC/AC module body in a bidirectional DC/AC module through two single-pole N-throw switches. The input terminal is connected, and the power is transmitted from the battery body to the bidirectional DC/AC module body through a single-pole N-throw switch; the start clearing signal is used to control the connection between the N delay timers and each bidirectional DC/AC module body. Each delay timer connected to the output side starts to clear and start timing, because there is a response time in the bidirectional DC/AC module body, that is, the power input from one side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body and the power from the bidirectional DC/AC module body There is a time difference between the outputs on the other side of the bidirectional DC/AC module, and the delay timer connected to the output side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body will no longer count when it detects that there is voltage on the output side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body for a certain period of time, and the performance N The timing values t1, t2...tN of the working delay of the two-way DC/AC modules; 当某一双向DC/AC模块本体的输出侧存在电压且持续一定时间时，控制器首先控制N个电压检测器、电流检测器中的与该双向DC/AC模块对应的一个电压检测器、电流检测器分别测量该双向DC/AC模块本体输入侧的电压、电流，并根据该电压、电流计算输入功率，即输入功率为该电压和电流的乘积，再控制上述电压检测器、电流检测器分别测量该双向DC/AC模块本体输出侧的电压、电流，并根据该电压、电流计算输出功率，即输出功率为该电压的幅值、电流的幅值以及该电压、电流相角差的余弦值三者的乘积，控制器进而计算输出功率与输入功率的比值，得到表现该双向DC/AC模块工作效率的转换率数值Ui，进而得到表现N个双向DC/AC模块工作效率的转换率数值U1、U2……UN；When a voltage exists on the output side of a bidirectional DC/AC module body and lasts for a certain period of time, the controller firstly controls a voltage detector, a current detector corresponding to the bidirectional DC/AC module among the N voltage detectors and current detectors. The detector measures the voltage and current of the input side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body respectively, and calculates the input power according to the voltage and current, that is, the input power is the product of the voltage and the current, and then controls the above-mentioned voltage detector and current detector respectively. Measure the voltage and current on the output side of the bidirectional DC/AC module body, and calculate the output power according to the voltage and current, that is, the output power is the amplitude of the voltage, the amplitude of the current, and the cosine value of the phase angle difference between the voltage and the current. The product of the three, the controller then calculates the ratio of the output power to the input power, obtains the conversion rate value Ui representing the working efficiency of the bidirectional DC/AC module, and then obtains the conversion rate value U1 representing the working efficiency of the N bidirectional DC/AC modules. , U2...UN; 控制器根据转换率数值以及计时数值计算得到表征双向DC/AC模块工作性能的指标d，d的计算公式为：di＝-a1*Ui/Umax+a2*ti/tmax，其中，a1、a2是权重系数，i＝1、……、N，Ui是第i个双向DC/AC模块的转换率数值，ti是第i个双向DC/AC模块的计时数值，Umax是N个转换率数值中最大的转换率数值，tmax是N个计时数值中最大的计时数值；The controller calculates the indicator d that characterizes the working performance of the bidirectional DC/AC module according to the conversion rate value and the timing value. The calculation formula of d is: di=-a1*Ui/Umax+a2*ti/tmax, where a1 and a2 are Weight coefficient, i=1,...,N, Ui is the conversion rate value of the i-th bidirectional DC/AC module, ti is the timing value of the i-th bidirectional DC/AC module, and Umax is the largest of the N conversion rate values. The conversion rate value of , tmax is the largest timing value among the N timing values; (4)形成配对关系：(4) Form a pairing relationship: 控制器按照指标d从高到低的顺序对N个双向DC/AC模块进行排序，形成双向DC/AC模块序列，并综合蓄电池序列，得到从蓄电池序列到双向DC/AC模块序列的从前到后顺序的一一对应映射，控制器根据映射关系确定开关模块中每个单刀N掷开关的连接位置，并将该连接位置作为预设方式。The controller sorts the N bidirectional DC/AC modules according to the index d from high to low to form a bidirectional DC/AC module sequence, and integrates the battery sequence to obtain the front to back sequence from the battery sequence to the bidirectional DC/AC module sequence. One-to-one mapping in sequence, the controller determines the connection position of each single-pole N-throw switch in the switch module according to the mapping relationship, and uses the connection position as a preset mode.
CN201711429697.4A 2017-12-26 2017-12-26 Battery discharge equalization method Expired - Fee Related CN108054802B (en)

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