CN108054467A - 大型太阳能无人机储能电源 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种能量密度高、安全性好的大型太阳能无人机储能电源,包括:电池箱体、设置于电池箱体内的电池组、太阳能电池充电电路与电池管理系统电路板、环形密封圈等;电池箱体由异形下壳体和方形上盖组成;在下壳体安装面的内侧凹槽中设有环形密封圈;所述异形为类等腰梯形,由二条直边、二条等腰斜边和二条相等过渡直边构成;上盖设有输入与输出水密接头安装座;电池组由异形单体电池、PCB转接板、加热板和温度传感器组成;在相邻俩单体电池之间设有加热板;电池组顶部设有PCB转接板,单体电池通过将极耳焊接在PCB转接板上,实现电池组的串并联连接;本发明占空比高,具有防水和升温功能、使无人机具备全天候巡航能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新能源领域,具体涉及一种大型太阳能无人机储能电源。
背景技术
太阳能无人机是一种可以在高空连续飞行数周乃至数月以上的无人驾驶飞行器,可用于战场侦察、电子对抗、通信中继,以及资源勘探与环境监测等多种用途。白天,无人机依靠在机翼表面铺设的太阳能电池,吸收太阳光辐射能,将其转换为电能驱动动力系统、电子设备等运行,同时,将富余的电能储存在所携带的储能电池中。夜间,储能电池释放所储存的电能,以维持整个系统的正常运行。
目前,储能电池的种类有:镍氢电池、燃料电池和锂电池。镍氢电池由于能量密度低,已极少使用。燃料电池尽管在大型飞行器的飞行试验中已获得初步成功,但由于其使用过程中需要大量的辅助设备,且价格昂贵。同时,电池使用过程中控制环节复杂和不成熟等原因,依然不能规模化应用。目前,国内外大型太阳能无人机大都采用能量密度较高、技术成熟、应用简便、安全性和可靠性较好的锂电池。
锂电池在低温环境条件下,当大电流放电时,易在碳负极表面形成锂枝晶,过多的锂枝晶聚集易将隔膜刺破,形成电池内部短路,引起热失控,带来安全隐患。因此,锂电池对工作温度有一定的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种高能量密度、高安全性与可靠性,可全天候巡航使用的大型太阳能无人机储能电源。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:一种大型太阳能无人机储能电源,其特征在于,包括:电池箱体、电池组、太阳能电池充电电路与电池管理系统电路板、温度传感器、可恢复保险丝(PTC)、环形密封圈、水密接头安装座;电池箱体由异形下壳体和方形上盖组成;所述异形为类等腰梯形,由二条直边和二条等腰斜边,以及二条相等过渡直边构成。
进一步,电池组由单体电池、PCB转接板、加热板和温度传感器组成。所述单体电池为异形聚合物锂电池;在相邻俩单体电池之间设有加热板;所述加热板为异形,上下层为铝塑复合膜,中间层为碳纤维加热片,在其顶端设有电极引出端。在所述电池组的顶部设有PCB转接板;所述PCB转接板开设有单体电池极耳穿出孔、印刷电路与焊盘。单体电池通过将极耳焊接在所设PCB转接板上,实现电池组的串并联连接;所述温度传感器选用NTC薄膜热敏电阻。
进一步,所述方形上盖预埋有输入与输出水密接头安装座,安装座内设有连接螺孔。
再一步,所述下壳体安装面的外侧设有凸台,在凸台内镶嵌有数颗金属螺母;在安装面的内侧设有环形凹槽;所述下壳体外表面上还设有数条加强筋板及数个固定脚。
再进一步,电池组的输入与输出接口形式为水密接插头方式;所述太阳能电池通过设在上盖的水密接头安装座与电池组形成连接。
更进一步,所述太阳能电池充电电路与电池管理系统电路板设于电池箱体内部,通过塑胶卡柱固定在PCB转接板的上方;所述电池管理系统包括:太阳能电池充电控制模块、电流采集模块、电压采集模块、温度采集模块、电源处理模块、数据存取模块、绝缘检测模块、加热控制模块、通讯模块和中央处理器,具有实时监测电池组充电电流、总电压、放电电流、容量、各单体电压、各单体电池温度与环境温度、及故障诊断、剩余容量预警、数据存取与通信功能,以及加热板的开闭功能。
更一步,所述电池管理系统通过驱动总电路中大功率MOSFET管的开闭,实现电池组的过充、过放、过温、过流及短路保护功能。
更进一步,在总电路中设有可恢复保险丝(PTC),当电池组产生过流时,提供二级保护。
本发明的优点是:
1)具有储能效果好、安全与可靠的优点;
2)电源外形构造与机翼形状高度匹配、空间利用率高;
3)具有防水和升温功能、使无人机具备全天候巡航能力。
附图说明
图1为电源外形结构示意图;
图2为电源电路结构框图;
图3为下壳体外形结构示意图;
图4为单体电池外形结构示意图;
图5为加热片外形结构示意图;
图6为电池组结构示意图;
图7为电池管理系统与电池组连接方式示意图;
图8为环形密封圈外形结构示意图。
图示:1-下壳体,2-上盖,3-水密接头安装座,4-单体电池,5-加热板,6-PCB转接板,7-温度传感器,8-电池组,9-太阳能电池充电电路与电池管理系统电路板,10-塑胶卡柱,11-环形密封圈。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明:
1﹒如图1所示,电池箱体由异形下壳体1和方形上盖2组成,用螺钉紧固在一起;所述方形上盖2预埋有输入与输出水密接头安装座3,孔内设有连接螺孔。上盖和下壳体均由碳纤维复合材料制成,具体轻、薄与强度高的优点。
2﹒如图2所示,电源电路结构由电池组8、太阳能电池充电电路与电池管理系统电路板9、可恢复保险丝(PTC)组成。太阳能电池板的输入电流经太阳能充电电路板9处理后,实现对电池组8的恒流恒压充电模式。电池管理系统由太阳能电池充电控制模块、电流采集模块、电压采集模块、温度采集模块、电源处理模块、数据存取模块、绝缘检测模块、通讯模块和中央处理器组成。在充放电过程中,电池管理系统9具有实时监测电池组8的充电电流、总电压、放电电流、容量、各单体电池4电压、各单体电池4温度与环境温度、及故障诊断、剩余容量预警、数据存取与通信功能,以及加热板5的开闭功能。当超限时,通过驱动总电路中大功率MOSFET管,实现电池组的过充、过放、过温、过流及短路保护功能。同时,在总电路中还设有可恢复保险丝(PTC),当电池组8出现过流时,提供二级保护。
3﹒如图3所示,所述下壳体1为异形,所述异形为类等腰梯形,由二条直边1e、1f和二条等腰斜边1d,以及二条相等过渡直边1c构成。在安装面1i的外侧设有凸台1k,在凸台1k内镶嵌有数颗金属螺母1h;在安装面1i的内侧设有环形凹槽1g;所述下壳体1外表面上还设有数条加强筋板1b及数个固定脚1a。
4﹒如图4所示,所述单体电池4的外形结构为异形,由二条直边4a、4b和二条等腰斜边4c,以及二条相等过渡直边4e构成;采用聚合物叠片工艺制成,电化学材料体系为磷酸铁锂电池、钛酸锂电池、钴酸锂电池、三元材料电池中任一种,优选地为三元材料电池,由13只单体电池4串联组成DC48V电池组8。
5﹒如图5所示,所述加热板5为与单体电池4相匹配的异形,上下层为铝塑复合膜,中间层为碳纤维加热片,经热复合工艺制成,在其顶端设有两个电极引出端5a。
6﹒如图6所示,电池组8由单体电池4、PCB转接板6、加热板5和温度传感器7组成。在相邻俩单体电池4之间设有加热板5;在电池组8的顶部设有PCB转接板6;所述PCB转接板6开设有单体电池极耳穿出孔、印刷电路与焊盘。单体电池4通过将极耳焊接在所设PCB转接板6上,实现电池组8的串并联连接;所述温度传感器7选用NTC薄膜热敏电阻。
7﹒如图7所示,所述太阳能电池充电电路与电池管理系统电路板9,设置于电池箱体内部,通过塑胶卡柱10固定在PCB转接板6的上方。
8﹒如图8所示,所述环形密封圈11截面形状为圆形,由硅橡胶材质制成。
尽管上述实施例中对本发明已出示并进行了描述,但是本领域的技术人员应可以理解,在不脱离本发明总体构思的前提下,本发明做出的修改及改型,应属本发明保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种大型太阳能无人机储能电源,其特征在于,包括:电池箱体、电池组、太阳能电池充电电路与电池管理系统电路板、温度传感器、可恢复保险丝、环形密封圈、水密接头安装座;所述电池壳体由下壳体和方形上盖组成;所述电池组由单体电池、PCB转接板、加热板和温度传感器组成;所述单体电池为聚合物单体锂电池;相邻俩单体电池之间设有一块加热板;所述加热板上下层为铝塑复合膜,中间层为碳纤维加热片;所述PCB转接板设在电池组顶部,单体电池通过将极耳焊接在所设PCB转接板上,实现电池组的串并联连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的大型太阳能无人机储能电源,其特征在于:所述方形上盖预埋有水密接头安装座,所述安装座内设有安装螺孔。
3.根据权利要求1所述的大型太阳能无人机储能电源,其特征在于:所述下壳体安装面的外侧设有凸台,在凸台内镶嵌有数颗金属螺母;在安装面的内侧设有环形凹槽;所述下壳体外表面上还设有数条加强筋板及数个固定脚。
4.根据权利要求1所述的大型太阳能无人机储能电源,其特征在于:所述太阳能电池充电电路与电池管理系统电路板设于电池箱体内部,通过塑胶卡柱固定在PCB转接板的上方;所述电池管理系统电路由太阳能电池充电控制模块、电流采集模块、电压采集模块、温度采集模块、电源处理模块、数据存取模块、绝缘检测模块、加热控制模块、通讯模块和中央处理器组成;具有实时监测电池组充放电电流、电池组总电压、容量、各单体电压、各单体电池温度与环境温度、及故障诊断、剩余容量预警、数据存取与通信功能,以及加热板的开闭功能;通过驱动总电路中大功率MOSFET管的开闭,实现对电池组的过充、过放、过温、过流及短路保护功能;在总电路中还设有可恢复保险丝,当电池组产生过流时,提供二级保护。
5.根据权利要求1所述的大型太阳能无人机储能电源,其特征在于:输入与输出接口形式为水密接头方式,通过设在上盖的水密接头安装座,实现与电池组的连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的大型太阳能无人机储能电源,其特征在于:所述下壳体安装面的内侧凹槽中设有环形密封圈,与上盖组合后,具有防水功能。
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