CN108050933B - Pyramid prism retroreflection light spot positioning precision detection device and method - Google Patents
Pyramid prism retroreflection light spot positioning precision detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108050933B CN108050933B CN201711369374.0A CN201711369374A CN108050933B CN 108050933 B CN108050933 B CN 108050933B CN 201711369374 A CN201711369374 A CN 201711369374A CN 108050933 B CN108050933 B CN 108050933B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
Abstract
The invention provides a pyramid prism retro-reflection light spot positioning accuracy detection device and method with high detection accuracy and simple design, which aims to solve the problems of low accuracy and high design difficulty of the existing pyramid prism retro-reflection light spot positioning accuracy detection device. According to the invention, firstly, the optical axis of the optical path is calibrated to reduce the influence of system errors on detection precision, then different on-satellite vibration conditions are simulated through the vibration simulation platform, a four-quadrant detector with high refresh rate is adopted as a detection element, and the high-precision measurement of the spot centroid position errors is realized by matching with a diagonal algorithm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of space laser communication, relates to a light spot position detection device and method, and in particular relates to a pyramid prism retro-reflection light spot positioning accuracy detection device and method.
Background
The pyramid prism is a high-precision retroreflective optical element, and is widely applied to laser ranging and space laser communication of cooperative targets because of good light beam retroreflection property. In the calibration of the optical axes of the rough and fine tracking optical paths of the space laser communication, the pyramid reflector plays a very important role, and the property of the retro-reflection light spots determines the pointing error of the rough and fine tracking visual axes of the on-orbit optical communication satellite, so that the quality of the space laser communication is finally affected.
In space laser communication, various reasons for causing the positioning error of the retroreflected light spot of the pyramid prism are included, such as errors caused by on-board high-frequency vibration, comprehensive angle errors of the pyramid prism, uneven distribution of energy of the retroreflected light spot caused by backward diffraction of the pyramid prism, and the like. The current pyramid prism light spot positioning accuracy detection Device is based on a CCD (Charge-coupled Device) auto-collimation method. The CCD pixel has the problems of uneven responsivity, low refresh rate and the like, so that the detection precision is low and the CCD pixel is not applicable to the simulation environment of high-frequency vibration. In addition, the auto-collimation method needs to obtain two light spots and compare the two light spots, but because the two light spots cannot be overlapped during detection, the CCD detector needs to be subjected to windowing, and the design difficulty of the device is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pyramid prism retro-reflection light spot positioning accuracy detection device and method with high detection accuracy and simple design, which aims to solve the problems of low accuracy and high design difficulty of the existing pyramid prism retro-reflection light spot positioning accuracy detection device.
The technical conception of the invention:
the optical axis of the optical path is calibrated to reduce the influence of system errors on detection precision, then different on-satellite vibration conditions are simulated through a vibration simulation platform, and the centroid positioning error of the light spot is calculated according to the output currents of four pixels of the four-quadrant detector.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the pyramid prism retro-reflection light spot positioning accuracy detection device comprises a data acquisition processing system; the special feature is that:
the laser, the beam expanding and collimating optical system, the diaphragm and the spectroscope are sequentially arranged along the same light path;
the laser is connected with the beam expanding and collimating optical system through optical fibers;
the aperture of the diaphragm is larger than or equal to the caliber of the pyramid prism to be measured;
defining the surface of the spectroscope facing the diaphragm as a first incident surface, and the other surface as a second incident surface; a plane reflecting mirror is arranged on a reflecting light path of a first incidence surface of the spectroscope, and a converging lens and a four-quadrant detector connected with the data acquisition and processing system are sequentially arranged on a reflecting light path of a second incidence surface of the spectroscope; the four-quadrant detector is positioned on the focal plane of the converging lens;
the vibration simulation platform is used for fixedly placing the pyramid prism to be tested, the laser, the beam expanding and collimating optical system, the diaphragm, the spectroscope, the converging lens and the four-quadrant detector and providing a simulated on-satellite vibration environment;
defining the optical axis direction of an output light path of the diaphragm as Y-axis positive direction, the optical axis direction of a light beam incident to the converging lens from the spectroscope as Z-axis negative direction, and determining X-axis positive direction according to a left-hand coordinate system; any one of four pixels of a target surface of a four-quadrant detector is marked as an A pixel, the A pixel is used as a starting point, the serial numbers of the four pixels are marked as a B pixel, a C pixel and a D pixel in sequence, the four-quadrant detector is arranged on the vibration simulation platform through a six-degree-of-freedom adjustment platform, and the positions and the postures of the four-quadrant detector are such that the included angles between dividing lines of the A pixel and the B pixel and X and Y axes are 45 degrees;
the data acquisition processing system acquires the output current values of four pixels of the four-quadrant detector, and calculates the positioning accuracy of the retroreflected light spots of the pyramid prism to be detected by adopting a diagonal algorithm.
Further, the laser, the beam expanding and collimating optical system, the diaphragm, the spectroscope, the pyramid prism to be detected, the converging lens, the four-quadrant detector and the vibration simulation platform are all rigidly connected.
The invention also provides a method for detecting the positioning precision of the retroreflected light spots by using the cube-corner prism retroreflected light spot positioning precision detection device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adjusting the plane reflector to enable the reflecting surface of the plane reflector to be parallel to the Y axis; adjusting a six-degree-of-freedom adjusting platform, wherein in the adjusting process, the included angles between the dividing lines of the A pixel and the B pixel of the four-quadrant detector and the X axis and the Y axis are all 45 degrees all the time, and when the output currents of the four pixels of the four-quadrant detector are equal, the Z-direction optical path calibration is completed;
(2) Removing the plane reflector, placing the pyramid prism to be detected on a vibration simulation platform, and adjusting the pyramid prism to be detected under the condition that the vibration simulation platform is not started, so that the output currents of four pixels of the four-quadrant detector are equal in size, and calibrating a Y-direction light path is completed at the moment;
(3) Fixing the posture of the pyramid prism to be tested through a self-locking device, and then connecting the pyramid prism to be tested with a vibration simulation platform through a rigid connecting piece;
(4) Starting a vibration simulation platform, simulating vibration conditions of satellites in different environments, and recording output currents I of four pixels of a four-quadrant detector A 、I B 、I C 、I D ；
(5) Calculating the central position sigma of the light spot by adopting a diagonal algorithm according to the output current values of four pixels of the four-quadrant detector acquired in the step (4) x And sigma (sigma) y The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein k is a photoelectric conversion coefficient;
(6) The positioning accuracy of the retroreflected light spot of the pyramid prism to be measured, namely the displacement r of the center of the light spot from the target center of the four-quadrant detector is as follows:
the invention has the advantages that:
considering that the light energy output by the laser is Gaussian, the parallelism of the input light influences the distribution of the light energy of the target surface of the four-quadrant detector, so that the laser is connected with a beam expanding and collimating system by adopting optical fibers to obtain high-quality Gaussian-distribution parallel light;
by the method of calibration and detection, interference of system errors is eliminated, and detection precision is improved;
on-satellite vibration is simulated on a vibration simulation platform, and a four-quadrant detector (KHz level) with high refresh rate is adopted, so that the light spot positioning accuracy under a high-accuracy high-frequency vibration environment can be detected;
and a four-quadrant detector is used as a detection element, and the high-precision measurement of the centroid position error of the light spot is realized by matching with a diagonal algorithm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure principle of the pyramid prism retroreflection light spot positioning accuracy detection device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of spot positioning errors using a "diagonal algorithm" in which ABCD is four pels, σ, of a four-quadrant detector, respectively x 、σ y The X coordinate and the Y coordinate of the central position of the light spot are respectively;
a 101-laser; 102-a beam expanding collimation optical system; 103-diaphragm; 104-spectroscope; 105-plane mirror; 106-a pyramid prism to be measured; 107-converging lens; 108-a four-quadrant detector; 109-six degrees of freedom adjustment platform; 110-a vibration simulation platform; 111-a data acquisition processing system.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
For convenience of description, the optical axis direction of the output optical path of the diaphragm 103 is defined as the Y-axis positive direction, the optical axis direction of the light beam incident from the beam splitter 104 to the converging lens 107 is defined as the Z-axis negative direction, and the X-axis positive direction is determined according to the left-hand coordinate system.
Referring to fig. 1, the pyramid prism retroreflection light spot positioning accuracy detection device provided by the invention comprises a laser 101, a beam expansion collimation optical system 102, a diaphragm 103 and a spectroscope 104 which are sequentially arranged along the same light path; the vibration simulation platform 110 is used for simulating an on-board vibration environment; the laser 101 is connected with the beam expanding collimation transmission optical system 102 by adopting an optical fiber so as to provide high-quality Gaussian distribution parallel light; the aperture of the diaphragm 103 is larger than or equal to the caliber of the pyramid prism 106 to be measured, so that the light spots fill the effective reflection area of the pyramid prism, otherwise, only the local retroreflection light spot positioning error of the pyramid prism can be obtained.
Defining the surface of the spectroscope 104 facing the diaphragm 103 as a first incident surface and the surface facing the pyramid prism 106 to be measured as a second incident surface; a plane reflecting mirror 105 is arranged on a reflecting light path of a first incidence surface of the spectroscope 104, and a converging lens 107 and a four-quadrant detector 108 connected with a data acquisition and processing system 111 are sequentially arranged on a reflecting light path of a second incidence surface of the spectroscope 104; the target surface of the four-quadrant detector 108 is located at the focal plane of the converging lens 107;
Any one of four pixels (i.e., output pins) on the target surface of the four-quadrant detector 108 is denoted as an A pixel, the A pixel is used as a starting point, the four-quadrant detector 108 is sequentially denoted as a B pixel, a C pixel and a D pixel, the four-quadrant detector 108 is arranged on the vibration simulation platform 110 through the six-degree-of-freedom adjustment platform 109, the positions of the four-quadrant detector 108 are such that the included angles between the dividing lines of the A pixel and the B pixel and the X and Y axes are 45 degrees, and the specific installation orientation of the four-quadrant detector 108 is shown in fig. 2.
The detection process of the invention comprises the following steps:
after the beam emitted by the laser 101 is collimated and expanded by the beam expansion collimating optical system 102, the beam irradiates the diaphragm 103, and the size of the diaphragm 103 is adjusted so that the effective area of the pyramid prism 106 to be detected is covered by the beam emitted from the diaphragm 103; after a part of the laser (1:1 beam splitting in this embodiment) emitted from the diaphragm 103 is transmitted by the beam splitter 104, the laser is vertically incident on the pyramid prism 106, the light beam reflected by the pyramid prism 106 is returned to the beam splitter 104, is reflected by the surface two of the beam splitter 104 and is irradiated on the converging lens 107, the converging lens 107 converges the parallel light irradiated on the converging lens, the obtained converging light spots are focused on the target surface of the four-quadrant detector 108, the output currents of four pixels of the four-quadrant detector 108 are collected by the data collection processing system 111, and the displacement of the center of the light spots from the target center of the four-quadrant detector, namely the positioning accuracy of the retroreflected light spots, is calculated.
The method for detecting the positioning accuracy of the retroreflective light spots of the pyramid prism by using the device comprises the following steps:
(1) Adjusting the plane mirror 105 so that its reflecting surface is parallel to the Y axis; and the six-degree-of-freedom adjustment platform 109 is adjusted, in the adjustment process, the included angles between the dividing lines of the A pixel and the B pixel of the four-quadrant detector 108 and the X axis and the Y axis are all 45 degrees all the time, and when the output currents of the four pixels of the four-quadrant detector 108 are equal, the Z-direction optical path calibration is completed.
(2) And removing or shielding the plane reflecting mirror 105, placing the pyramid prism 106 to be detected on the vibration simulation platform 110, and adjusting the pyramid prism 106 to be detected under the condition that the vibration simulation platform 110 is not started (namely in a static state), so that the output currents of four pixels of the four-quadrant detector 108 are equal, and calibrating the Y-direction light path is completed at the moment.
(3) The posture of the pyramid prism 106 to be measured is fixed through a self-locking device, and then the pyramid prism 106 to be measured is connected with the vibration simulation platform 110 through a rigid connecting piece.
(4) Open vibration simulationPlatform 110 simulates the vibration conditions of satellites in different environments and records the output current I of four pixels of four-quadrant detector 108 A 、I B 、I C 、I D Size of the material;
(5) According to the output current values of the four pixels of the four-quadrant detector 108 obtained in the step (4), calculating the coordinate sigma of the center position of the light spot in the X-axis direction by adopting a diagonal algorithm x And the coordinate sigma in the Y-axis direction y The calculation formula is as follows:
where k is the photoelectric conversion coefficient.
(6) The positioning accuracy of the retroreflected light spot of the pyramid prism 106 to be measured, that is, the displacement r of the center of the light spot from the center of the four-quadrant detector is:
Claims (3)
1. the pyramid prism retro-reflection light spot positioning precision detection device comprises a data acquisition processing system (111); the method is characterized in that:
the laser device (101), the beam expanding and collimating optical system (102), the diaphragm (103) and the spectroscope (104) are sequentially arranged along the same light path;
the laser (101) is connected with the beam expanding and collimating optical system (102) through an optical fiber;
the aperture of the diaphragm (103) is larger than or equal to the caliber of the pyramid prism (106) to be measured;
defining the surface of the spectroscope (104) facing the diaphragm (103) as a first incident surface, and the other surface as a second incident surface; a plane reflecting mirror (105) is arranged on a reflecting light path of a first incidence surface of the spectroscope (104), and a converging lens (107) and a four-quadrant detector (108) connected with the data acquisition and processing system (111) are sequentially arranged on a reflecting light path of a second incidence surface of the spectroscope (104); the four-quadrant detector (108) is positioned on the focal plane of the converging lens (107);
the vibration simulation platform (110) is used for fixedly placing the pyramid prism (106) to be tested, the laser (101), the beam expanding and collimating optical system (102), the diaphragm (103), the spectroscope (104), the converging lens (107) and the four-quadrant detector (108) and providing a simulated on-satellite vibration environment;
defining the direction of the optical axis of an output light path of the diaphragm (103) as a Y-axis positive direction, the direction of the optical axis of a light beam entering the converging lens (107) from the spectroscope (104) as a Z-axis negative direction, and determining an X-axis positive direction according to a left-hand coordinate system; any one of four pixels on a target surface of a four-quadrant detector (108) is marked as an A pixel, the A pixel is used as a starting point, the serial numbers are marked as a B pixel, a C pixel and a D pixel in sequence, the four-quadrant detector (108) is arranged on the vibration simulation platform (110) through a six-degree-of-freedom adjustment platform (109), and the positions and the postures of the four-quadrant detector are such that the included angles between dividing lines of the A pixel and the B pixel and X and Y axes are 45 degrees;
the data acquisition processing system (111) acquires output current values of four pixels of the four-quadrant detector (108), and calculates the positioning accuracy of the retroreflected light spots of the pyramid prism (106) to be detected by adopting a diagonal algorithm;
the positioning accuracy of the retroflective light spot is calculated specifically as follows:
(1) According to the output current value I of four pixels of the four-quadrant detector (108) A 、I B 、I C 、I D Calculating the central position sigma of the light spot by adopting a diagonal algorithm x And sigma (sigma) y The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein k is a photoelectric conversion coefficient;
(2) The positioning precision of the retroreflected light spot of the pyramid prism (106) to be detected, namely the displacement r of the center of the light spot from the target center of the four-quadrant detector is as follows:
2. the corner cube prism retroreflective light spot positioning accuracy detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the laser (101), the beam expansion and collimation optical system (102), the diaphragm (103), the spectroscope (104), the pyramid prism (106) to be tested, the converging lens (107) and the four-quadrant detector (108) are all rigidly connected with the vibration simulation platform.
3. A method for detecting the positioning accuracy of a retroreflective light spot by using the corner cube prism retroreflective light spot positioning accuracy detecting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) Adjusting the plane mirror (105) to enable the reflecting surface of the plane mirror to be parallel to the Y axis; the six-degree-of-freedom adjustment platform (109) is adjusted, in the adjustment process, the included angles between the dividing lines of the A pixel and the B pixel of the four-quadrant detector (108) and the X axis and the Y axis are all 45 degrees all the time, and when the output currents of the four pixels of the four-quadrant detector (108) are equal, the Z-direction optical path calibration is completed;
(2) Removing the plane reflector (105), placing the pyramid prism (106) to be detected on the vibration simulation platform (110), and adjusting the pyramid prism (106) to be detected under the condition that the vibration simulation platform (110) is not started, so that the output currents of four pixels of the four-quadrant detector (108) are equal, and calibrating a Y-direction light path is completed at the moment;
(3) Fixing the posture of the pyramid prism (106) to be detected through a self-locking device, and then connecting the pyramid prism (106) to be detected with a vibration simulation platform (110) through a rigid connecting piece;
(4) Starting a vibration simulation platform (110), simulating the vibration conditions of satellites in different environments, and recording the output current I of four pixels of a four-quadrant detector (108) A 、I B 、I C 、I D ；
(5) Calculating the central position sigma of the light spot by adopting a diagonal algorithm according to the output current values of four pixels of the four-quadrant detector (108) obtained in the step (4) x And sigma (sigma) y The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein k is a photoelectric conversion coefficient;
(6) The positioning precision of the retroreflected light spot of the pyramid prism (106) to be detected, namely the displacement r of the center of the light spot from the target center of the four-quadrant detector is as follows:
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