CN1080411C - Barrier units and articles made therefrom - Google Patents

Abstract

Barrier units and articles made therefrom, particularly constraining bands of high strength and low weight for containing articles, especially in blast resistant container assemblies, are disclosed. The barrier unit comprises a surface having a regular polygonal perimeter with a plurality of substantially parallel sides, each of which terminates in at least one loop integral with the surface. The surface comprises at least one network of high strength fiber having a tenacity of at least about 10 g/d and a tensile modulus of at least 200 g/d, at least about 50 weight percent of said fiber comprising substantially contianuous lengths of fiber aligned in the hoop direction of the loops. The barrier units have utility as constraining bands for loads of articles like logs, and as doors/closures for access openings to the interior of aircraft blast resistant cargo containers. They are also useful as fences and window protectors.

Description

Barrier member and by its product of making

Related application

The application is in the further part application of nineteen ninety-five application 08/533,589 co-pending on September 25.

The background of invention technology

1, invention field

The present invention relates to barrier member and by its product of making.More specifically, the present invention relates to the various high and low pressure bands of weight of intensity that are used to load as the article of log or container and so on.The most particularly, the present invention relates to be used to receive explosive and explosion time can prevent to injure or make injury reduce to minimum Explosionproof container assembly.These container assemblies have as dangerous material for example as gunpowder and the placement of explosive and the function of transporting equipment of bomb and grenade and so on, and special is in the aircraft of a significant consideration in weight, are more in particular in the cargo hold of aircraft and the main cabin especially true.They are also particularly useful to the explosion-proof personnel of squad of anti-terrorism one's share of expenses for a joint undertaking and other threats.

2, prior art

As PAN-AM's airliner in 1988 is settled the reaction of bomb incident in the Lockerbie sky, Scotland by the terrorist, studied the commercial airliner of sening as an envoy to the expert aspect blast and the aircraft-lifesaving technology and used bomb that the method for resistance ability is more arranged the terrorist.A result of these researchs is developments and applies explosion detection equipment of new generation.But, as realistic problem, still exist the threshold value of a bomb size, it is relatively easy to survey the bomb that surpasses this threshold values, but it is many more to be lower than this threshold values, and bomb just is difficult for being detected more.The bomb that does not detect may be put in the luggage, or is taken to cabin (in the main cabin) by the passenger or be placed in the aircraft container.Shape is the aircraft container that cube has root face, and is made of aluminum usually, and it is in light weight but not explosion-proof.Therefore, concentrated to be devoted to redesign in recent years and can resist the bomb that is lower than this threshold values, the container that weight is light again.

At Ashley, S. the air security of being shown: antiknock baggage container design, in mechanical engineering (Mechanical Engineering) the 114th volume the 6th phase 81-86 page or leaf (in June, 1992) (it lists in this paper as a reference), the newly-designed aircraft container of counterweight has been done general overview.In this article, disclosed one type container is designed to suppress shock wave and holds the blast fragment, simultaneously remove or discharge gases at high pressure safely, and the container of another kind of type is designed to by explosive force being discharged airframe or leave airframe, and the guiding explosion product is outside aircraft.Several new designs have all utilized not only firm weight but also light composite.In a kind of like this design, rigid luggage case uses by the SPECTRA that for example buys from AlliedSignal Inc. ^The felt that the low density material of fiber and so on is made into wraps up, and makes lining with rigid polyurethane foams and porous Al alloy thin plate.The sandwich plate of this material has been bundled into seamless overcoat to the four sides of container.In this, also can be referring to U.S.P.5 267 665, it lists in this paper as a reference.

For loading or unloading, the inlet towards internal container must be arranged, this inlet is door normally.Because the shock wave from internal container forces door outwards usually, thereby door becomes a very big weakness of explosion time container.If door is connected with the metal door bolt by hinge, door bolt becomes the thing that flies of danger close.If door is in slide into grooves or the groove, the crooked or distortion of groove or groove meeting so, thus container is not opened.Thereby people require to design and can eliminate the above-mentioned container of problem that leads to the door of internal container.

U.S.P.5 312 182 discloses rigid container container, and wherein door cooperates with interlock by slide into grooves/track, detains tightlyer a kind of like this explosion wave is made surface reaction, make, with the fracture of anti-equipment.The application of the source of this case, the application co-pending 08/,533 589 of application on September 25 nineteen ninety-five illustrated by utilize at least three intussusceptions, reinforce mutually vertical preferably be the problem of closing the door of antiknock material band.Can enter internal container by removing two tyres at least in part; Because the space of the container on the aircraft is limited, finds that this method is not the solution that welcome by the user.

Other antiknocks and/or the directed container of blast have also been described in european patent application 0 572 965 A1 and U.S.P.5 376 426,5 249 534 and 5 170690.They list in this paper as a reference.

The present invention provides barrier member for overcoming the prior art defective, force band and by its antiknock container assemblies of making.

Brief description of the present invention

The present invention is the barrier member that uses separately or use with other barrier members.This barrier member comprises the polygon periphery with rule, and preferably the face of rectangle has a plurality of substantially parallel sides, and each side and this face are linked to be at least one complete ring.The coaxial unbroken loop that the interval that a plurality of and this face constitute preferably, is arranged on each side.This face contains the preferably fleece of at least one in polymeric matrix, and its toughness is at least about 10 gram/dawn, and stretch modulus is at least about 200 gram/dawn.At least about 50% (weight), more preferably about 80% (weight) fiber contains the fiber of the continuous length of the hoop arrangement that is ring basically.Preferably, a plurality of barrier members use with another barrier member, connect by its unbroken loop, and this unbroken loop plays the joint effect of hinge, inserts coupling bar by it.

The present invention is used to retrain the goods load, for example rod iron or round log, or be used to retrain container assemblies, to strengthen the pressure band of its anti-knock properties.This pressure band has certain-length and certain width, and preferably at least one fleece is arranged in resin matrix, and its toughness is at least about 10 gram/dawn, and stretch modulus is at least about 200 gram/dawn.At least about 50% (weight), more preferably the fiber of about 80% (weight) contains basically along the fiber of the continuous length of belt length.Block this band at least one place in its length and form two ends, each end comprises/terminates at least one unbroken loop, in the ring preferably a plurality of intervals, arranged in co-axial alignment.Bolt is used for ring and another ring at the two ends that have are coupled together.This bolt contains hard or soft material.Preferred hard material is hard metal and hard fibre-reinforced composite.Preferred flexible material contains the fiber that is band, unfixed single band (unitape), protecting screen, braid, belt (lashings), fabric or its combination.The pressure band can be done hardly as requested or be soft.If the band cross section is polygonal, these bands can be made into the band of soft limit and stiff dough, so that can fold, and are convenient to deposit effectively and transport, and assemble later on and use.

Use to force the preferred antiknock container assemblies of band to comprise at least three bands, wherein a band is discontinuous/pressure band of blocking, connect like that as mentioned above, the intensity that obtains and energy absorption characteristics can with use not blocking band and comparing of continuous fiber.In an assembly, can use more than one pressure/block band; But, preferably in continuous material band, be nested at its one or more tie points and forcing band.Preferably, in container, also contain blast and alleviate material.

In an especially preferred embodiment, the antiknock container assemblies has a lid, container and attaching parts.Lid is the polygon periphery, and first and second substantially parallel limit are arranged, and finish with at least one unbroken loop on each limit, preferably with loops bundle a plurality of intervals, arranged in co-axial alignment.Lid preferably has at least one high strength fibre net in resin matrix, its toughness is at least about 10 gram/dawn, and stretch modulus is at least about 200 gram/dawn.At least about 50% (weight), the fiber of more preferably about 80% (weight) comprises continuous length basically on the direction of its band, fiber, and it and first limit and second limit perpendicular, and arrange by the hoop of ring.Container has wall and the inlet in wall.On first limit of relative inlet and second limit, wall has at least two complete rings.With mechanism ring on first limit of lid and the ring on first limit of inlet are coupled together, with mechanism the ring on second limit of ring on second limit of described lid and inlet is coupled together, lid is covered with inlet.Bindiny mechanism can be single institution or a plurality of mechanism.When using a plurality of mechanism, hard bolt is preferred, and when using single institution, soft bolt is preferred.Preferably peripheral shape is a regular polygon; As long as the opposing parallel edge lengths of lid is identical, even other are how different to the relative edge in its length and the lid, polygon is also thought regular.Preferred shape is a rectangle, and third and fourth limit of its middle cover is respectively with at least one loops bundle, and its mesospore also has at least one two extra unbroken loop on relative third and fourth limit of inlet.With mechanism the ring on the 3rd limit of ring on the 3rd limit of lid and inlet is coupled together, the ring on the 4th limit of ring on the 4th side of described lid and inlet is coupled together with device.

And the present invention also comprises the improvement of the hinge that is become by one half hinge set, and it is to be connected by the joint of hard bolt with another arranged in co-axial alignment that links to each other.This improvement comprises the coupling bar that contains flexible material, and flexible material is selected from band, unfixed single band, protecting screen, braid, belt, fabric or their combination.

In another embodiment, the present invention is improved container assemblies, and it comprises a container that has wall and inlet is arranged in wall.This improvement comprises the hinge that is made of fibrous material.And hinge has one half hinges, is connected in universal joint at interval, arranged in co-axial alignment, and these universal joints are by tying together, to cover inlet.The part of each half hinge fraction and container wall becomes integral body and covers it.

Brief description of drawings

Referring to the explanation of the following drawings and appended preferred embodiment the time, will more fully understand the present invention, other advantages of the present invention also become apparent, wherein:

Fig. 1 is barrier member 20 planes of the present invention, links to each other with another barrier member 20 ' by bolt 25;

Fig. 2 is the 3-D view of forcing with 31 and 31 ', constitutes fence with bar 32;

Fig. 3 A is the 3-D view of forcing with 40;

Fig. 3 B is the three-dimensional portion view of amplification of the ring 41 of component part band 40;

Fig. 3 C is the three-dimensional portion view of the amplification of interconnected ring 41 and ring 40 ';

Fig. 3 D is the another kind of 3-D view of forcing with 40 ';

Fig. 4 is the ring 42 partial 3-D views of strengthening with half hinge 45 and pipe 46;

Fig. 5 is the partial 3-D view of another fixed ring 42;

Fig. 6 utilizes softness/flexible bolt 55 and encircles the side view of the 51 the present invention's pressures that link to each other with 50;

Fig. 7 is many pressures of the present invention with 50 ' side view, has also utilized softness/flexible bolt 55 ' come connecting rings 51 ';

Fig. 8 A is the 3-D view with 11, with the parts of 11 pie graph 8F container assemblies 10;

Fig. 8 B is the 3-D view with 12, with the parts of 12 pie graph 8F container assemblies 10;

Fig. 8 C is the 3-D view with 13, with the parts of 13 pie graph 8F container assemblies 10;

Fig. 8 D is the three-dimensional portion component view, and it illustrates the assembling sequence of container assemblies 10 with Fig. 8 E;

Fig. 8 E is the three-dimensional portion component view, and it illustrates the assembling sequence of container assemblies 10 with Fig. 8 D;

Fig. 8 F is the three-dimensional micromodule view of container assemblies 10;

Fig. 8 G is the 3-D view of the optional stays structure used with any illustrated container assemblies 10;

Fig. 9 is the 3-D view that is used to load and transport container assemblies 60 in the aircraft of the luggage 69 that explosive is housed;

Figure 10 A be pie graph 10E container assemblies 70 parts time with 71 3-D view;

Figure 10 B is the 3-D view of the container assemblies 70 of part assembling, and that blocks is wrapped in suitable place with 72;

Figure 10 C is the 3-D view of the container assemblies 70 of part assembling, inferiorly is wrapped in suitable place with 73;

Figure 10 D is the 3-D view of the container assemblies 70 of part assembling, is wrapped in suitable place with 78;

Figure 10 E is the 3-D view of container assemblies 70, have the 3rd and be with 70 to be used to make container assemblies 70 to close, and step 77 in position;

Figure 11 A is the 3-D view of container, blocks on it and is with 90, is used for the hard bolt 91 of mechanical closing and block to have with 90;

Figure 11 B is the 3-D view of container, blocks on it and is with 95, is used for the hard compound bolt 96 of mechanical closing and block to have with 95;

Figure 11 C is the 3-D view of container, blocks on it and is with 100, is used for the flexible strand 101 of mechanical closing and block with 100 bands;

Figure 12 is the 3-D view of container 110, and it is made of six independent panel/barrier members 111, and these members couple together with 12 bolts 112 on their limit.

Figure 13 is the 3-D view of container 115, and it is made of pentahedral case 116, and movably door 117 is arranged, and on the door four bolts 118 is arranged.

Detailed description of the present invention

Those skilled in the art can understand preferred invention better by referring to above-mentioned accompanying drawing.The illustrated preferred embodiment of the invention is not omit among the figure, neither limit the invention to disclosed exact form.Describe or explained in detail the principle of the invention, its application and actual the use selectively, therefore can make the others skilled in the art in present technique field can use the present invention best.Particularly, described the band of antiknock material in the accompanying drawings with parallel lines, these lines have been represented the continuous fiber/fine rule of the endless belt direction of band substantially, promptly are the ultimate fibre band shape.This expression makes the people understand the present invention one easily and it has constituted a kind of structure that the present invention uses, but is not unique structure.

Entering on accompanying drawing and concentrate on the design consideration, how suitable material and these materials influences the antiknock of structure and/or the capacity of orientation that explodes if then being discussed.

Referring to Fig. 1, barrier member 20 comprises having the regular polygon periphery, and is promptly foursquare basically 21, many to parallel substantially side 22 and 23.Each parallel sides 22 and 23 is connected with face 21 and constitutes at least one complete ring 24, and in this case, each side 22,23 has two rings 24.In Fig. 1, show that barrier member 20 is to join by bolt 25 barrier member 20 ' similar to another.According to final purposes and desired character, bolt 25 can be hard or flexible (softness).

Fig. 1 barrier member 20 can be used for closing antiknock container (referring to Figure 13 and the explanation of being done), if perhaps be fixed on common window front with the supporting bolt that advances in the window, can be used as the window protective device.What such protective device can protect ejaculation flies thing, bullet, storm wind etc.Available banking pin (not drawing) is locked in the appropriate position coupling bar/rod.

Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 shows fence/barrier 30.Fence 30 has many pressures to be with 31 and 31 ', and they can be used to circle and live animal or provide protection to various threats, collapses and cross-country snowmobile etc. comprising vehicle, ice-fall.Be with 31 and 31 ' certain-length and width are arranged.Be with 31 and 31 ' on horizontal its length, to block and produce two ends 32 and 32 ' respectively. End 32 and 32 ' has at least one complete ring 33 and 33 ' respectively.In Fig. 2, every end only has a unbroken loop 33 or 33 '.To encircle 33 and 33 ' with the bolt 34 that is described as column and couple together, constitute fence 30.In this case, bolt 34 requires to use hard material, and for example wood is made.

Referring to Fig. 3 A-3D, show the pressure blocked with 40 formation.Single band or other fabrics can be used for constituting such blocking and are with 40.Twine one section identical band by going up at two rods (not drawing) that separate suitable distance, what can constitute single band is with 41.It is many sections of b that big fabric wrappage is divided into width at arbitrary end.Thin strand pushes away together, forms the ring 42 (referring to Fig. 3 B) of width b/2.As shown in the figure, require all fiber continuous spans to cross ring 42.Band can be made of a variety of materials, comprising rope, rove, single band, protecting screen, braid, belt (lashings), fabric or their combination.The appended embodiment of the visible the present invention of details of single band and protecting screen.Bolt 43 can be used for connecting ring 42 and 42 ' staggered, arranged in co-axial alignment.As required, bolt 43 can be made with material hard or flexible (softness).In Fig. 3 D, showing another kind blocks and is with 40 ', wherein fabric 41, and preferably single band has formed several discontinuous bands, pass their main body, promptly do not comprise ring 42 " part, with fabric 44, preferably have with singly with the fiber of rectangular continuous length; be sewn on them, make its enhancing.

Referring to Fig. 4, have the half existing hinge 45 of short tube/insert 46, can insert in the ring 42, obtain rigidity.Such pipe can be made by plastics, metal, pottery, composite or wood.All pipes preferably connect together on every end of band, form hinged system, it will guarantee opening to together, bolt 43 easily inserted or take out, make to be with and close or open.Pipe or hinge universal joint, its cross section can rounded or oblong.Fig. 5 has illustrated the other method that constitutes hard ring 42, and wherein lapping is fixed to form ring 42.

Referring to Fig. 6 and 7, can as soft bolt 51,51 ', respectively it be tightened by with firm flexible material, make to block and be with 50,50 ' to close.In this case, the ring of the every end and the close other end, but ring 51 arranged in co-axial alignment to tighten, are for example tightened as shoestring.Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are differing from each other, and the blocking of Fig. 7 is with 50 ' in fact a plurality of discontinuous bands are arranged, wherein each time with being end with single ring.In both cases, as required, ring can align or not line up, but about 20-95% of cover tape Anywhere.As shown in Figure 6, band is closed and can leave very little distance between supporting end/limit, or leaves sizable distance as shown in Figure 7, and these all depend on final purposes.Suitably firm joint, groove and/or banking pin (not drawing) can be used for realizing closing.Also can there be yoke or flange (not drawing) to can be used to make environmental protection to hold suitable alignment.

Referring to Fig. 8 F, numeral 10 expression antiknock container assemblies.Container comprises continuous material 11,12 and 13 bands at least three four sides nested and that strengthen mutually of a cover, and these bands are assembled into a cube.Referring to Fig. 8 A, 8B and 8C." band " expression is thin, flat, surrounded the bar of a constant volume.As described in, the cross section of a constant volume of encirclement can change, although be surrounded as polygon be better than the circle, rectangle more preferably, square is most preferred.Referring to Fig. 8 D and 8E, be with 11 blast padded coaming 14 (for example resistance aqueous foam) is housed in article one, be nested in then in the second a little bigger slightly band 12, be nested in a little bigger slightly the 3rd with 12 and be with in 13, the longitudinal axis separately of all bands is perpendicular to one another.In other words, each plate thickness that constitutes six plates of cube container face is substantially equal to 11,12 and 13 the thickness sum of at least two bands when overlapping, and each seamed edge 15 of this container is by at least one band covering of material band 11,12 or 13.Point out in addition, in first band 11, adorned goods (explosive or luggage) after, the blast padded coaming (not drawing) randomly place or be dispersed in around the goods of first band 11.The structural similarity that the second size is a little bigger slightly be with 12 to be placed on first band so that the longitudinal axis vertical (referring to Fig. 8 D) of its longitudinal axis and first band 11.Article three, same size is bigger is with 13 to slide on second band 12 so that its longitudinal axis with 11 with 12 spool vertical (referring to Fig. 8 E).The 3rd band 13 has been finished antiknock container assemblies 10.With the applying between 11,12 and 13 is not gas-tight seal, but friction tight, and gas is discharged from the angle 16 of cube container in blast process gradually.Preferably some bands slide over each other, so its surperficial friction characteristics need improve, and this problem will illustrate in greater detail later.Container assemblies 10 does not have independent entrance door, thereby has avoided all defect that assembly showed of prior art.Fig. 8 G has described the framework 17 that bears weight/load, and when container assemblies 10 is hard inadequately when bearing the product of its loading, framework also can be nested in the assembly 10.In be with 11 the beginning can on framework, slide, assemble then as mentioned previously.Framework 17 can be made by metal, timber or structure compound bar, and these rods design to such an extent that make the load bearing capacity optimization of this structure, and make the Container Weight minimum.

But as previously mentioned, assembly 10 requires the move operation of band, and this always is not subjected to the user and welcomes, and is special especially true when the space is restricted as aircraft.The band that blocks of the present invention is designed to mechanical closing, to provide and to use not the blocking of continuous fiber/continuously with similar intensity and energy absorption characteristics.Block band can be individually or with other continuously or block and be with one to be used from and to hold shock wave.Blocking band can use with antiknock container commonly used, if weight is not worrying thing, may be the container of steel, and shutdown system is provided.Such band also can be used for multiple other application, for example retrains the load of rod iron or round log on one's body at truck.These are closed with available hard and/or flexible bolt, elaborate after this again.

Referring to Fig. 9, the antiknock container assemblies 60 in the aircraft has been described.The device (not drawing) that is used by airport security personnel has detected the luggage 68 that explosive is housed.It is placed in the container assemblies 60, is sent to the place that explosive can be removed safely or ignite.When removing a face, constitute hard rectangle shell prism (not drawing).Constitute first band 61 and stride its long blocking.Two ends at first band 61 form ring 64, and it is wrapped in around the shell, so that band blocks the import that is centered close to shell.The second size big slightly continuously with 65 outsides that are positioned at first band 61 of closing, so that its longitudinal axis is vertical with the longitudinal axis of first band 61.Article three, continuous but size is bigger with 66 slide outside at second band 65, so that its longitudinal axis is with vertical with 65 axle with 61.Castor 67 can be installed in the bottom of assembly 60, in order to moving.In use,, expose and be with 61, be with 61 to connect, pass it and can adopt mechanical means to close by ring 64 with 66 one side that slide into assembly 60. Ring 64 and 61 disengagements of being with of opening.Luggage 68 is placed in the assembly 66, afterwards, is with in 61 at first, can also place or disperse blast to alleviate material round goods.As shown in Figure 9, be with 65 or be with on 61 at first and slide, perhaps be permanently fixed for second with certain orientation.Be with 66 flatly to rotate for the 3rd, adopt blocking that mechanical means closes to be with 61 to cover.

Referring to Figure 10 A-10E, show the air baggage container assemblies 70 that the LD3 type is reinforced.This container is a rectangular box, and a step 76 is arranged in the bottom of a side, so that the winding of band.This box structure such as following embodiment 2 are described in detail.The structure shell has on leading flank and leads to its inner opening 80.That mainly strengthen mutually, vertical be with 72,78 and 79 by three (be with 78 and 79 to constitute middle band and in addition respectively continuously for two, one block/zone of discontinuity 72 has articulated, and 71 formed interior band with inferior being with) the blast inhibitory action is provided.Block incline with 72 overlapping a little inlets 80.By being with 72 to be subdivided into a plurality of parts and to form hinge and connect, these a plurality of parts are used for constituting ring/joint 81,81 ', and they are with each end of 72 arranged in co-axial alignment also at interval.As Arranged rings in hinge 81 and 81 ', be used to connect the bolt 82 that passes them and place.

Referring to Figure 10 A and 10C, can see than the narrower continuously time band of chest width on preceding, top, back, end direction be around arbitrary (referring to Figure 10 A) of inlet 80, with 72 outsides that are placed on case, bolt 82 connects the two ends of the centre of passing inlet 80 in blocking afterwards.Bolt in horizontal direction.Two to other times with similar extra continuously time with 73 formation (referring to Figure 10 C) on chest on preceding, side, back, side direction arbitrary at inlet 80.These times are with 73 for good and all to be fixed on the chest.Place triangular-shaped wedge 77 in step 76, its bottom was placed on the outside be with 78 in the middle of twining before.This chock with the ladder-type chest, has formed the side of the brachymemma of aircraft LD3 container 70.Because it does not hinder and opens chest, the centre is with 78 to be permanently affixed on the chest.79 is movably to be with in addition, vertically is placed on the assembly 70 with other master tapes 72 and 78.

Figure 11 A has illustrated the partly container of assembling, and blocking with 90 on it has a hard bolt 91, is used for mechanical closing.Figure 11 B shows the container of part assembling, and blocking with 95 on it has hard composite bolt 96, is used for mechanical closing.By around hard bolt 97, twining fibrous composite layer 98, constitute composite bolt 96.Bolt 96 is by blocking the ring with 90 then, and its afterbody 99 folds into arbitrary side, by another material band (not drawing) it is closed.Figure 11 C shows the container of part assembling, and blocking on it is with 100 to have flexible strand 101, is used for mechanical closing.Rope 101 is 102 knottings at one end, make it can not slip over the ring that blocks with 100.

Figure 12 has shown the container of being made up of six plate/barrier members that separate 111 110, and these plate/barrier members connect on its limit with 12 bolts 112.Figure 13 has shown the container 115 that constitutes with five casees 116, and it has movably door 117, is furnished with four bolts 118.

The present invention has imagined many different container shapes.For example, the container assemblies of Figure 10 E discloses the rectangular prism of non--regular hexahedron that the different rectangular cross sections owing to three bands obtain.The band that causes preferably having the polygon cross section in the distortion of explosion time container with the trend that increases internal capacity.The polygon of rule is preferred, more preferably rectangle, most preferably square.The limit of wishing opposing parallel is isometric basically, although the limit of the opposing parallel of all groups is all isometric basically in the regular polygon, it is unnecessary that square surface is promptly arranged, and one group of comparable another group of opposite side is to the length of side, as long as the surface is not a square.

Should be appreciated that now, can use the band more than three basically at an easy rate in the present invention, even adopted the container designs scheme of basic cube (or rectangular prism).Theoretically, can parallel use do not limit the coaxial band of quantity, preferably be adjacent to each other, replace any band in the basic three band container notions of the present invention.But, preferably outmostly have a single continuous band.In addition, can also be coaxial nested a large amount of coaxial band coaxially is with coaxial being nested in another coaxial band with one, replaces any band in the basic three band container notions of the present invention; The quantity of the band that uses as equivalent may depend on the rigidity of the equivalent that requires.Have several coaxial when nested the flexibility band of solidifiable be possible.

In described each embodiment, can make hard liner or band with one or more following technology and/or material.Available polyethylene, crosslinkable polyethylene, nylon 6 or nylon 6,6 powder rotational moulding liner/bands.Can also use plastics world (Plastics World) the 60th page of (listing in this paper as a reference) described technology in July nineteen ninety-five.Can use preferably by thermoplasticity or thermosetting resin, also usable fibers strengthens, or by the pipe of making as the low density metals of aluminium and so on, rod and communicating pipe.Liner/band can adopt continuous four sides metal tape.Can use by honeycomb, western India cork wood or have the sandwich plate structure that the foam core of stiff dough constitutes.Honeycomb can be made with aluminium, cellulose products or aliphatic alcohol amide polymer.Adopt the known building technology of aerospace industry can make weight reduce to minimum.(can use the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite material.) can use the known technology of timber industry that wood is made hard liner/band.(can use fire retarding paint.) hard liner/band can be used as axle, on axle, twine band and can form the part of final antiknock container.In being with in perhaps liner can insert after band is made.

About band, as used herein, band is unbending when " hard " expression crosscut one face or a plurality of.If band comprises a plurality of or seamed edge, be unbending basically during its face of crosscut so, but its seamed edge keep its flexibility, it also is considered to " hard ".Because the effect with in fact indeformable the nothing that links to each other door bolt hinge has been played on its flexible limit, and can band be flattened by folding at least wherein two limits, therefore such band also be considered to " folding ".As for face and fasten, can determine flexibility with the following method.Do not have on the flat supporting surface that supports overhang for having of " L " in length, clamp one section material along one side level.The limit of measuring the overhang that does not clamp drops to the following vertical range " D " of flat supporting surface.D/L is than the measured value that provides drapability.When than near 1 the time, structure/face is highly flexible, and when than near zero the time, it is very hard or unyielding.When D/L 0.2 the time, more preferably less than about 0.1 o'clock, thinks that structure is hard less than about.

Structural design of the present invention, particularly three band cube designs, the blast that has improved container suppresses ability.The increase of container surface density has also improved blast inhibition ability." surface density " is to be the construction weight of the per unit structural area of unit with the Kilograms Per Square Meter, is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.

The used preferred antiknock material that constitutes container of the present invention and band is oriented film, fibrage or the combination of these two.Resin matrix also can use with fibrage, and film (orientation or non-directional) can contain resin matrix.

Can be used as the acceptable uniaxial orientation of antiknock material use or the film of biaxial orientation can be to be selected from the homopolymers of following compound or individual layer, bilayer or the plural layers of copolymer: TPO, thermoplastic elastomer, cross-linked thermoplastic plastics, cross-linked elastomer, polyester, polyamide, fluorocarbon, polyurethane, epoxides, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride and admixture thereof.The film of selecting is high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene and polyethylene/elastomer admixture.The preferably about 0.2-40 mil of film thickness, more preferably about 0.5-20 mil, most preferably about 1-15 mil.

For the present invention, fibrage comprises at least one fleece independent or ribbon matrix.The fibring prolate body, its length dimension is far longer than the lateral dimension of width and thickness.Therefore, the term fiber comprise have the cutting off of rule or monofilament, multifilament, braid, rope, ribbon, bar, shackle and other shapes of irregular cross section, incision or discontinuous fiber etc.The term fiber comprises multiple above-mentioned any or combination.

The filament cross that the present invention uses alters a great deal.Their cross sections can be circular, flat or oblong.They can also have irregular or regular leafy cross section, and it has the one or more irregular or regular double wedge by the linear axis of fiber or longitudinal axis projection.Particularly preferably be the long filament that is essentially circular, flat or oblong cross section, most preferably the former.

Network structure represents that plurality of fibers is arranged in predetermined configuration, or plurality of fibers is got together and formed the yarn twisted with the fingers or do not twist with the fingers, the configuration that these yarn arrays one-tenth are scheduled to.For example, fiber or yarn can form felt or other non-wovens, braid or weaving (plain weave, basket shape, satin weave, crowfoot weavy grain etc.) reticulate structure, or makes it form net by any traditional technology.According to particularly preferred netted configuration, one-way fiber is arranged, so they are parallel to each other along common machine direction basically.The fiber of continuous length is very preferred, although fiber directed and that have about 3-12 inch (about 7.6-30.4 centimetre) length also is an acceptable, and also thinks " continuous basically " for purposes of the invention.

Preferably, in fibrage,,, be the fiber of continuous length basically more preferably at least about 80% (weight) at least about the fiber of 50% (weight), this fibrous ring is around the volume that is made of container.Represent along the direction of band or ring around this volume, promptly be basically parallel to band or, as front definition and pointed band along the direction of band.Be arranged essentially parallel to band direction or along the band direction indication in ± 10 °.Preferred fibrous material mainly comprises the fiber continuous, parallel length vertical with the limit.

Can the continuous band of enough a lot of method manufacturings.In a kind of embodiment preferred, by fabric is twined around axle, and make its fixed in shape with suitable fixing means, for example make band, particularly make the band that does not have resin matrix with other fixing means in heating and/or pressurized adhesion, thermal contraction, adhesive, staple, sewing or road as known to those of skill in the art would.Sewing can be a sewing, line sewing or organize the sewing of parallel lines intersection more.In sewing, utilize stitch usually, but any specific stitch of no use and method constitute the preferred fixing means that the present invention uses.The fiber that is used for forming stitch also has a lot.Available fiber can have low relatively modulus or high relatively modulus, can have low relatively toughness or high relatively toughness.The tenacity of fibre that uses in the stitch preferably is equal to or greater than about 2 gram/dawn, and modulus is equal to or greater than about 20 gram/dawn.Adopt Instron tensile tester, stretching with 10 inch per minute clocks (25.4 cm per minute) is clipped in the fiber of the length 10 inches (25.4 centimetres) between the volume bucket folder, estimates all tension force.If require the harder point of band, can in pocket, insert hardboard at fabric centre joint pocket, or the band inseam upper plate between the material wrappage.This is another " folding " embodiment of hard band, promptly owing to there is hardboard to make face hard, but because to make the fabric of band be pliable and tough, also is pliable and tough and make seamed edge, perhaps since for example stiff dough partly weight and can make the seamed edge bending.But an advantage of the collapsible embodiment of the present invention is the transportation of equipment level, can install at once before using.Making fabric wrappage hard selectively other method in band is to adopt pattern of stitches, and the face portion of for example passing band can make it hard with parallel hand-manipulating of needle method, does not stitch junction/seamed edge simultaneously, thereby forms another " folding " hard band.

The fiber type that uses in the antiknock material is varied, can be inorfil or organic fiber.Implement optimum fiber of the present invention, particularly for continuous basically length, the toughness of these fibers is equal to or greater than about 10 gram/daniers (g/d), and stretch modulus is equal to or greater than about 200 gram/dawn (measuring with Instron tensile tester).Particularly preferred fiber is to have toughness to be equal to or greater than about 20 gram/dawn, and stretch modulus is equal to or greater than the fiber at about 500 gram/dawn.It is most preferred that in embodiments tenacity of fibre is equal to or greater than about 25 gram/dawn, stretch modulus is equal to or greater than the fiber at about 1000 gram/dawn.When enforcement was of the present invention, the fiber of selection had toughness and is equal to or greater than about 30 gram/dawn, and stretch modulus equaled or about for 1200 gram/dawn.

Can add high-performance fiber in band, they can be that the fiber of inorganic, organic or metal adds and/or cooperate adding with other.Preferably, high-performance fiber is continuous (coiling) fiber, and other fibers are fiberfill fibers.Other fibers can also join in coiling and the filler.Such fabric is called mixed goods.Mixed goods can be used for producing the band of one or more containers.Preferably, mixed goods can be used for producing part or all of tyre.Can also use one or more fabrics of making by high-performance fiber simultaneously or twine the fabric production band that one or more are made by traditional fibre continuously.

The excursion of the danier of fiber can be very wide.Usually, fiber denier is equal to or less than about 8,000.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, fiber denier is about 10-4000, and in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, fiber denier is about 10-2000.In the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, fiber denier is about 10-1500.Can discharge more gas with the fabric that thicker (higher) denier fiber is made, this needs in some cases.

Useful inorfil comprises S type glass fibre, E type glass fibre, carbon fiber, boron fibre, alumina fibre, zirconia-silicon dioxide fibre, alumina silica fiber etc.

Being used for spendable inorganic ultimate fibre example of the present invention is glass fibre, as by quartz, aluminosilicate magnesium, the boroaluminosilicate of non-alkalescence, borsal, sodium metasilicate, sodium aluminosilicate calcium, lead silicate, non-alkaline boron aluminium oxide lead, the boron aluminium oxide barium of non-alkalescence, the boron aluminum zinc oxide of non-alkalescence, non-alkaline manosil AS iron, cadmium borate, comprise and be η, δ and θ be the alumina fibre of " saffil " fiber of form mutually, asbestos, boron, the organosilicon carbide, graphite and the carbon that obtains through carbonization by following material: Saran, Nomex (aramid fiber 1313), nylon, polybenzimidazoles, polyoxadiazoles, polyphenyl, PPR, asphalt and coal tar pitch (isotropic), mesophase pitch, cellulose and polyacrylonitrile, ceramic fibre, as steel, the metallic fiber of aluminum metal alloy and so on etc.

The ultimate fibre that useful organic filamentary example is made up of following compounds: polyester, polyolefin, polyetheramides, fluoropolymer polymer, polyethers, cellulose, phenoplasts, polyesteramide, polyurethane, epoxides, aminoplast, siloxanes, polysulfones, polyether-ketone, polyether-ether-ketone, polyesterimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethers acryl ketone, poly-(amide imide) and polyimides.The ultimate fibre that other useful organic filamentary examples are made up of following compound: aromatic polyamides, as poly-(m xylylene adipamide), poly-(terephthalylidene decanedioyl amine), poly-(2,2,2-trimethyl-cyclohexyl methyl terephthalate amine), poly-(piperazine decanedioyl amine), poly-(metaphenylene isophthaloyl amine) and gather (to phenylene isophthaloyl amine); Aliphatic series and cyclic aliphatic polyamide, copolyamide as 30% hexylidene isophthalic acid di-ammonium salts and 70% hexylidene adipic acid di-ammonium salts, 30% pair at the most-(acylamino-cyclohexyl) methylene, the copolymer of terephthalic acid (TPA) and caprolactam, polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon 66), poly-(butyrolactam) (nylon 4), poly-(9 aminononanoic acid) (nylon 9), poly-(oenantholcatam) (nylon 7), poly-(spicy inner formyl amine) (nylon 8), poly-(caprolactam) (nylon 6), poly-(poly P phenylene diamine terephthalamide), polyhexamethylene sebacamide (nylon 6,10), polyaminoundecanoamide (nylon 11), nylon 12 (nylon 12), poly-6I hexamethylene isoterephalamide, the poly terephthalic acid hexamethylene diamine, polycaprolactam, poly-(nonanedioyl nonamethylene diamine) (nylon 9,9), poly-(nonanedioyl decamethylene diamine) (nylon 10,9), poly-(decanedioyl decamethylene diamine) (nylon 10,10), poly-[two-(4-aminocyclohexyl) methane-1,10-decane dicarboxamide] (qiana fibre) (trans), or the combination of these materials, and aliphatic series, cyclic aliphatic and aromatic polyester, as poly-(1,4-cyclohexylidene dimethylene terephthalate) cis and trans, poly-(ethylidene-1, the 5-naphthalate), poly-(ethylidene-2, the 6-naphthalate), poly-(1,4-cyclohexanedimethyleterephthalate terephthalate) (trans), poly-(terephthalic acid (TPA) diester in the last of the ten Heavenly stems), poly-(PETP), poly-(ethylene m-phthalate), poly-(benzoic acid ethoxy ester), poly-(p-hydroxybenzoate), poly-(dimethyl propylene lactone), poly-(adipic acid diester in the last of the ten Heavenly stems), poly-(succinic acid second diester), poly-(azelaic acid second diester), poly-(the inferior decyl ester of decanedioic acid), poly-(α, alpha-alpha-dimethyl propiolactone) etc.

Useful organic filamentary example is also rolled up just like fibre science and the technical manual edited by Menachem Lewin: II, the high-tech fiber, D part (the Handbook of FiberScience and Technologv:Volume II, High Technology Fibers, PartD) ultimate fibre of described polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiozole.

Useful organic filamentary example also has liquid crystal polymer, and as the lyotropic liquid crystal polymer, it comprises polypeptide, as L-glutamic acid-α-benzyl ester etc.; Aromatic polyamides, as poly-(1, the 4-benzamide), poly-(chloro-1,4-paraphenylene terephthalamide phenylenediamine), poly-(1,4-phenylene fumaramide), poly-(ammonia-1,4-phenylene fumaramide), poly-(4,4 '-benzanilide is trans, trans-sticking health acid amides), poly-(1,4-phenylene mesaconoyl amine), poly-(1, the 4-phenylene) (anti-form-1,4-cyclohexylidene acid amides), poly-(chloro-1, the 4-phenylene) (anti-form-1,4-cyclohexylidene acid amides), poly-(1,4-phenylene 1,4-dimethyl-anti-form-1,4-cyclohexylidene acid amides), poly-(1,4-phenylene 2, the 5-picolinamide), poly-(chloro-1,4-phenylene 2,5-picolinamide), poly-(3,3 '-dimethyl-4,4 '-biphenylene 2, the 5-picolinamide), poly-(1,4-phenylene 4,4 '-talan acid amides), poly-(chloro-1,4-phenylene 4,4 '-talan acid amides), poly-(1,4-phenylene 4,4 '-azobenzene acid amides), poly-(4,4 '-azobenzene 4,4 '-azobenzene acid amides), poly-(1,4-phenylene 4,4 '-azobenzene acid amides), poly-(4,4 '-azobenzene 4,4 '-azoxy benzamide), poly-(1,4-cyclohexylidene 4,4 '-azoxy benzamide), poly-(4,4 '-azobenzene terephthalamide), poly-(3,8-phenanthridone terephthalamide), poly-(4,4 '-biphenylene terephthalamide), poly-(4,4 '-biphenylene 4,4 '-biphenyl and acid amides), poly-(1,4-phenylene 4,4 '-biphenyl and acid amides), poly-(1,4-phenylene 4,4 '-to the phenylene acid amides), poly-(1,4-phenylene 2,6-naphthal acid amides), poly-(1,5-naphthalene terephthalamide), poly-(3,3 '-dimethyl-4,4-biphenylene terephthalamide), poly-(3,3 '-dimethoxy-4 ', 4-biphenylene terephthalamide), poly-(3,3 '-dimethoxy-4 ', 4-biphenylene 4,4 '-biphenyl and acid amides) etc.; Polyoxamide, as by 2,2 '-dimethyl-4,4 '-benzidine and chloro-1, the compound that the 4-phenylenediamine is derived and obtained; Polyhydrazide, as polychlorostyrene terephthalate hydrazine, 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid hydrazides, poly-(terephthalate hydrazine), poly-(to benzene two-chlorine terephthalate hydrazine) etc.; Poly-(acid amides-hydrazides), as poly-(terephthalate 1,4 amino-benzoyl hydrazine) and by the preparation of 4-aminobenzene hydrazides, oxalyl dihydrazide, to benzene two-two acyl callositys with to aromatics diacyl chlorine; Polyester, as the polyester in the following composition: in carrene-o-cresol-novolak resin, poly-(oxygen-anti-form-1, the inferior cyclohexyloxy carbonyl-anti-form-1 of 4-, 4-cyclohexylidene carbonyl-β-oxygen-1, the inferior phenoxy group terephthalate of 4-base) and gather (oxygen-cis-1, inferior cyclohexyloxy carbonyl-the anti-form-1 of 4-, 4-cyclohexylidene carbonyl-β-oxygen-1, the inferior phenoxy group terephthalate of 4-base), 1,1,2, in 2-tetrachloromethane-o-chlorophenol-phenol (60: 25: 15, volume/volume/volume) in, poly-(oxygen-anti-form-1, the inferior cyclohexyloxy carbonyl-anti-form-1 of 4-, 4-cyclohexylidene carbonyl-b-oxygen-(2-methyl isophthalic acid, the 4-phenylene) oxygen-terephthalate base), in the o-chlorobenzene, poly-[oxygen-anti-form-1, the inferior cyclohexyloxy carbonyl-anti-form-1 of 4-, 4-cyclohexylidene carbonyl-b-oxygen (2-methyl isophthalic acid, 3-phenylene) oxygen-terephthalate base] etc.; Poly methylene imine, as the compound that obtains by following compound: 4,4 '-diaminourea-benzanilide and terephthalic aldehyde, methyl isophthalic acid, 4-phenylenediamine and terephthalic aldehyde etc.; Poly-isonitrile is as poly-(phenylethyl isonitrile), poly-(n-octyl isonitrile etc.); PIC as poly-(the positive Arrcostab of isocyanic acid), for example gathers (n-butyl isocyanate), poly-(the just own ester of isocyanic acid) etc.; The lyotropic liquid crystal macromolecule that has heterocyclic units, as poly-(1,4-phenylene-2,6-benzo double thiazole) (PBT), poly-(1,4-phenylene-2, the two oxazoles of 6-benzo) (PEO), poly-(1,4-phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazoles), poly-(1,4-phenylene-2, two imidazoles of 6-benzo), poly-[2,5 (6)-benzimidazole] (AB-PBI), poly-[2,6-(1,4-phenylene-4-phenylchinoline)], poly-[1,1 '-(4,4 '-biphenylene)-6,6 '-two (4-phenylchinolines)] etc.; Poly-organic phosphine piperazine is as poly-phosphine piperazine, poly-two phenoxy group phosphine piperazines, poly-[two (2,2,2 ' three fluoro ethylidene) phosphine piperazine] etc.; Metal-containing polymer, as the metal-containing polymer that obtains by following compound condensation: trans-two (tri-n-butyl phosphine) platinous chloride and two acetylene or trans-two (tri-n-butyl phosphine) two (1, the 4-butadienyl) platinum, perhaps in the presence of cuprous iodide and acid amides, the metal-containing polymer that obtains by similar chemical combination; Cellulose and cellulose derivative, as cellulosic ester, for example cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), celluloid and sulfate cellulose, cellulose ether, for example ether cellulose, hydroxymethyl ether cellulose, hydroxypropyl ether cellulose, carboxymethyl ester cellulose, ethyl-hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, cyanoethyl ethyl cellulose, cellulose ether-esters, for example acetate ether cellulose and benzoxy propyl ether cellulose, with the urethane cellulose, euphorin cellulose for example; Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, as cellulose and derivative thereof, hydroxypropyl cellulose for example, ethyl cellulose propionyloxy propyl cellulose, the thermic copolyesters, the copolymer of 6-hydroxyl-2-naphthoic acid and P-hydroxybenzoic acid for example, 6-hydroxyl-2-naphthoic acid, the copolymer of terephthalic acid (TPA) and para-aminophenol, 6-hydroxyl-2-naphthoic acid, the copolymer of terephthalic acid (TPA) and quinhydrones, 6-hydroxyl-2-naphthoic acid, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, the copolymer of quinhydrones and terephthalic acid (TPA), 2, the 6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acids, terephthalic acid (TPA), the copolymer of M-phthalic acid and quinhydrones, 2, the copolymer of 6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acids and terephthalic acid (TPA), P-hydroxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA) and 4, the copolymer of 4 '-dihydroxybiphenyl, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), M-phthalic acid and 4,4 '-dihydroxybiphenyl, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, isophthalic acid, quinhydrones and 4, the copolymer of 4 '-dihydroxy benzophenone, the copolymer of phenyl terephthalic acid (TPA) and quinhydrones, chlorohydroquinone, terephthalic acid (TPA) and to the copolymer of acetate cinnamic acid, chlorohydroquinone, terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylidene dioxy-r, the copolymer of r '-dibenzoic acid, quinhydrones, methylnaphthohydroquinone, the copolymer of P-hydroxybenzoic acid and M-phthalic acid, (1-phenylethyl) quinhydrones, the copolymer of the copolymer of terephthalic acid (TPA) and quinhydrones and poly-(PETP) and P-hydroxybenzoic acid; With thermic polyamide and thermic copolymerization (amide-ester).

Useful organic filamentary example is the α by following chemical formula, the ultimate fibre that the elongation chain polymerization thing through the polymerization generation of β-unsaturated monomer is formed:

R ₁R ₂-C＝CH ₂

Wherein: R ₁And R ₂Identical or different, they are hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl-carbonyl, carboxyl, alkoxy carbonyl, heterocycle or alkyl or aryl, and they do not replace or replace by being selected from following one or more substituting groups: alkoxyl, cyano group, hydroxyl and aryl.Such α, the example of β-polymerization of unsaturated monomers thing is to comprise following polymer: polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-(1-vaccenic acid), polyisobutene, poly-(1-amylene), poly-(2-methyl styrene), poly-(4-methyl styrene), poly-(1-hexene), poly-(4-methoxy styrene), poly-(5-methyl isophthalic acid-hexene), poly-(4-methylpentene), poly-(1-butylene), polyvinyl chloride, polybutene, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(methylpentene-1), poly-(vinyl alcohol), poly-(vinyl acetate), poly-(vinyl butyral), poly-(vinyl chloride), poly-(vinylidene chloride), vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate chloride copolymer, poly-(vinylidene fluoride), poly-(methyl acrylate), poly-(methyl methacrylate), poly-(methacrylonitrile), poly-(acrylamide), poly-(PVF), poly-(polyvinyl formal), poly-(3-methyl-1-butene), poly-(4-methyl isophthalic acid-butylene), poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene), poly-(1-hexane), poly-(5-methyl isophthalic acid-hexene), poly-(1-vaccenic acid), poly-(ethene pentamethylene), poly-(vinyl cyclohexane), poly-(a-vinyl naphthalene), poly-(vinyl methyl ether), poly-(vinyl ethyl ether), poly-(vinyl propyl ether), poly-(VCz), poly-(vinylpyrrolidone), poly-(2-chlorostyrene), poly-(4-chlorostyrene), poly-(vinyl formate), poly-(vinyl-n-butyl ether), poly-(ethene octyl ether), poly-(hexenoic acid MIBK), poly-(methyl isopropenyl ketone), poly-(4-styryl phenyl) etc.

The most useful high strength fibre comprises elongation chain polyolefine fiber, extended chain (ECPE) fiber, poly aromatic amine fiber, polybenzoxazoles fiber, polybenzothiozole fiber, vinal, polyacrylonitrile fibre, liquid crystal copolyester fiber, Fypro, glass fibre, carbon fiber and/or its mixture particularly.Particularly preferably be polyolefin and poly aromatic amine fiber.If the use fibre blend, preferably fiber is the mixture of two kinds of fibers at least wherein in polyethylene fibre, poly aromatic amine fiber, Fypro, carbon fiber and the glass fibre.

U.S.P.4 457 985 has usually discussed such extended chain and polypropylene fibre, and the content of this patent disclosure is listed in this paper as a reference, can therefore with reference to this patent inconsistent problem not take place.If polyethylene, suitable fiber is that weight average molecular weight is at least 150,000, preferably at least 1 hundred ten thousand, and 200 ten thousand-500 ten thousand fiber more preferably.Such extended chain fiber can be produced in as U.S.P.4 137 394 or U.S.P.4 356 138 described solution, perhaps as German Off.3 004 699 and GB 2051667, as as described in the U.S.P.4 413 110,4 551 296 (all these patents are all listed this paper in list of references), can be spun into gel structure especially by solution.Just as used herein, the term polyethylene will represent it mainly is the straight linear polyethylene material, it can contain the comonomer that a small amount of side chain or per 100 backbone c atoms do not surpass 5 modification unit, it also can contain no more than about 50% (weight) one or more polymeric additives that mix with it, as alkene-1-polymer, low density polyethylene (LDPE) particularly, polypropylene or polybutene, the copolymer that contains an alkene as former monomer, the polyolefin of oxidation, graft polyolefin copolymer and polyformaldehyde, or low molecular weight additives, as antioxidant, lubricant, the ultraviolet ray sun-screening agent, colouring agents etc. are the additive (listing in this paper as a reference) of usefulness usually.Depend on technology of preparing, draw ratio and temperature and other conditions, can give these ultimate fibres many different character.Filamentary toughness is at least about 15 gram/dawn, preferably at least 20 gram/dawn, more preferably at least 25 gram/dawn, most preferably at least 30 gram/dawn.Similarly, the ultimate fibre stretch modulus of measuring with Instron tensile tester is at least about 200 gram/dawn, preferably at least 500 gram/dawn, more preferably at least 1,000 gram/dawn, most preferably at least 1,200 gram/dawn.The highest numerical value of these stretch moduluses and toughness has only usually by adopting solution growth or gel ultimate fibre method just can obtain.Many filamentary fusing points are higher than the melting point polymer of making them.Therefore, for example, molecular weight of polyethylene is up to 150,000,100 ten thousand and 200 ten thousand, and its fusing point is normally about 138 ℃.The filamentary fusing point of polyethylene of the high orientation of being made by these materials will exceed about 7-13 ℃.Therefore, the slight increase of fusing point has reflected that crystallization is perfect, compares with bulk polymer, and ultimate fibre has higher crystalline orientation.

Similarly, can use high directed elongation chain polypropylene fibre, its weight average molecular weight is at least 200,000, preferably at least 1 hundred ten thousand, more preferably at least 2 hundred ten thousand.Adopt the described technology of above-mentioned each list of references, adopt U.S.P.4 413 110,4 551 296,4 663 101 and the described technology of 4 784 820 (listing in this paper) particularly, such elongation chain polypropylene can be made the ultimate fibre of fairly good orientation with list of references.Because polypropylene is a kind of crystallization material more very different than polyethylene, and contains pending methyl group, the toughness value that obtains with polypropylene is lower than the analog value that is obtained by polyethylene usually basically.Therefore, suitable toughness is at least about 8 gram/dawn, and preferred toughness is at least about 11 gram/dawn.Polyacrylic stretch modulus is at least about 160 gram/dawn, preferably at least preferably at least about 200 gram/dawn.Adopt orientation process, polyacrylic fusing point generally can improve the several years, so that the polypropylene ultimate fibre preferably has main fusing point and is at least 168 ℃, more preferably at least 170 ℃.The special preferable range of above-mentioned parameter can advantageously be improved the performance of final products.Employing has weight average molecular weight at least about 200,000 and have the fiber of the above-mentioned parameter (modulus and toughness) of preferable range, can advantageously improve the performance of final products.

Described the high molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol with high stretch modulus in U.S.P.4 440 711, this patent is listed in this paper as a reference, and this patent application can not produce inconsistent problem.HMW PV-OH fiber should have weight average molecular weight at least about 200,000.Useful especially PV-OH fiber should have modulus at least about 300 gram/dawn, and toughness is at least about the 7 gram/dawn (preferably at least about 10 gram/dawn, more preferably about 14 gram/dawn are most preferably at least about 17 gram/dawn), and energy to failure is at least about 8 joule/gram.Have weight average molecular weight at least about 200,000, toughness is at least about 10 gram/dawn, the modulus PV-OH fiber at least about 300 gram/dawn, about 8 joule/gram of energy to failure, may be more useful in producing product of the present invention.For example, adopt the disclosed method of U.S.P.4 599 267 (listing in this paper as a reference) can produce PV-OH fiber with such character.

Under the situation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), the molecular weight that is used for PAN fiber of the present invention is at least about 400,000.Useful especially PAN fiber should have toughness at least about 10 gram/dawn, and energy to failure is at least about 8 joule/gram.Have molecular weight at least about 400,000, toughness is very useful at least about 15-20 gram/dawn and energy to failure at least about the PAN fiber of 8 joule/gram; In U.S.P.4 535027 (listing in this paper as a reference) such fiber is disclosed for example.

Under the situation of aramid fibre, in U.S.P.3 671 542 (listing in this paper as a reference), described mainly and made suitable aramid fibre by aromatic polyamides.Preferred aramid fibre should have toughness at least about 20 gram/dawn, stretch modulus at least about 400 gram/dawn and energy to failure at least about 8 joule/gram, particularly preferred aramid fibre should have toughness at least about 20 gram/dawn, modulus at least about 480 gram/dawn and energy to failure at least about 20 joule/gram.Most preferred aramid fibre should have toughness at least about 20 gram/dawn, modulus at least about 900 gram/dawn and energy to failure at least about 30 joule/gram.For example, the commodity KEVLAR by name that produces by E.I.Du Pont Company _29, poly-(paraphenylene terephthalamide's phenylenediamine) 49,129 and 149, that have suitable high-modulus and toughness value is useful especially for making product of the present invention.KEVLAR 29 and KEVLAR49 have the modulus value and the toughness value at 500 gram/dawn and 22 gram/dawn and 1000 gram/dawn and 22 gram/dawn respectively.Implement the present invention and also can use the commodity of producing by E.I.Du Pont Company NOMEX by name _Poly-(a phenyl-diformyl dimethyl phenylene diamine) fiber.

Under the situation of liquid crystal copolyester, for example in U.S.P.3 975 487,4 118 372 and 4 161 470 (listing in this paper as a reference) suitable fiber is disclosed.At about 15-30 gram/dawn of toughness, at preferably about 20-25 gram/dawn, at about 500-1500 gram/dawn of stretch modulus, preferably about 1000-1200 gram/dawn is special requirement.

If used matrix material when enforcement is of the present invention, matrix material can contain one or more thermosetting resins so, or one or more thermoplastic resins, or the admixture of such resin.The selection of matrix material depends on how band is made and used.Desired band and/or final container hardness will greatly influence the selection of matrix material.As " thermoplastic resin " used herein be can not produce basic sex change can heating for multiple times and the resin of deliquescing, cooling and hardening, " thermosetting resin " be mold pressing, extrude and cast after the resin of deliquescing and reprocessing again, concerning every kind of resin, in case when under its critical temperature, solidifying, just obtained new, irreversible character.

Depend on how band uses, the stretch modulus of the matrix material in one or more bands can very low (deformable) or very high (hard).The key request of matrix material is to introduce its any stage to system band method, and this matrix material is all pliable and tough as to be enough to process.In this respect, solidify fully or arrive the B-stage, but not completely crued thermosetting resin may can carry out qualified processing, as closing the completely crued thermosetting resin that stacks with suitable adhesive.Add heat energy in the processing high modulus thermoplastic material is processed, can not process too firmly as not heating this material; The temperature that material " runs into " must be to make material pliable and tough as to be suitable for processing with the duration that contacts, and can not produce harmful effect to impregnation of fibers again, if having also very little.

As previously mentioned, spendable thermosetting resin can comprise when enforcement is of the present invention, for instance, and BMI, alkyd resins, acrylic resin, amino resins, urethane, unsaturated polyester (UP), siloxanes, epoxy resin, vinyl esters and composition thereof.Can in U.S.P.5 330 820 (listing in this paper as a reference), find more detailed data about useful thermosetting resin.Particularly preferred thermosetting resin is epoxy resin, polyester and alicyclic vinyl, and epoxy resin is selectable thermosetting resin.

Can be used for implementing the wide range of thermoplastic resin of the present invention.The example of useful thermoplastic resin is polylactone, polyurethane, Merlon, polysulfones, polyether-ether-ketone, polyamide, polyester, poly-(oxidation arlydene), poly-((arylene sulfide)), polyvinyl, polypropylene, polyacrylate, polyolefin, ionomer, Hydrin, PEI, liquid crystalline resin and their elastomer, copolymer and mixture.Can in U.S.P.5 330 820 (listing in this paper as a reference), find more particulars about useful thermoplastic resin.On U.S.P.4 820 568 (listing in this paper as a reference) the 6th hurdle and the 7th hurdle particularly preferred low modulus thermoplastic (elastomer) resin has been described, the resin of being produced by shell (Shell) chemical company has been described these resins in bulletin " KRATON thermoplastic elastomer (KRATON ThermoplasticRubber) " SC-68-81 particularly.Particularly preferred thermoplastic resin is high density, low-density, the LLDPE as the described single or blending of U.S.P.4 820 458.Spendable elastomer is very extensive, comprising natural rubber, SB, polyisoprene, polychlorostyrene for pentadiene-hycar, ER rubber, EPDM rubber and polybutene.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, matrix comprises the polymer matrices of low modulus, and they are selected from low density polyethylene (LDPE); Polyurethane; Flexible epoxy; The filled elastomer vulcanized rubber; The nylon-6 of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and modification.

Matrix in the band is not crucial with the ratio of ultimate fibre, and its excursion is very wide.Usually, matrix material is about 10-90% (volume) of fiber, preferably about 10-80% (volume), most preferably about 10-30% (volume).

If the use matrix resin can adopt many methods that it is coated on the fiber, for example embedding, dipping, lamination, extrude the coating of coating, solution, solvent coating.Describe some otherwise effective technique in U.S.P.4 820 568 and 4 916 000 in detail, preparation is fit to the coated fiber layer of use in the present invention.

Can prepare the antiknock band according to following method step:

A. under the tension force in the space between being enough to remove successively, there is the flexible sheet material of high tensile strength fibrous material to be wound in multilayer around core with at least a;

B. multilayer material is fixed together, forms seamless basically and to the first hard band of small part; With

C. take off band from core.

The about 0.1-50 pound of the normally every linear inch of winding tension, the about 2-50 pound of more preferably every linear inch, the about 2-20 pound of most preferably every linear inch.As mentioned above, available several different methods anchoring fiber layer for example adopts heating and/or pressurized adhesion, heat shrink, adhesive, impresses and make.Most preferably fixing step comprises, fibrous material contacts with resin matrix, on core or from core fixed multilaminar high strength degree fibrous material and resin matrix.Can before the winding step, among or fibrous material is contacted with resin matrix.The certain methods that can so do is described in detail in detail below again." fixed " expression is combined into single integral layer to matrix material and fleece.Depend on the kind of matrix material and how it is coated on the fiber, can be undertaken fixedly, also can be used in combination adhesive by the combination of drying, cooling, pressure or these methods." fixed " also represented to comprise a little fixed, and wherein Dai face is by fixed, but seamed edge is not by fixed.Like this, face can be made into very hard, and seamed edge keeps flexible and maybe can be bent, and band can be amounted to or folding.To the present invention, " sheet material " expression comprises ultimate fibre or rove.

In a preferred embodiment, make flexible sheet material with following method.Provide the yarn bundle of about 30-2000 root by creel less than about 12 Denier monofilament, more preferably about 100 yarn bundles less than about 7 Denier monofilament, and just before coating, its guiding is entered the collimation comb by guider and spreader bar.The collimation comb makes the monofilament alignment also substantially parallel at grade, also is unidirectional form.Then ultimate fibre is clipped between the processing release paper, wherein one deck processing release paper is coated wet matrix resin.Allow this system by one group of pressure roller then, finish filamentary dipping.Remove the processing release paper on top, twist on the machine reel, Jin Zi filament web is passed the water back stove simultaneously, desolvates to remove, and absorbs its solvent then.Other method is, can use individual layer to scribble the processing release paper of wet matrix resin, produces the filament web of dipping.A kind of such dipping net is called as unidirectional pre-immersion material base, band or sheet, and is to produce some band of following embodiment, one of the preferred feedstock of " single band ".

In another embodiment of the invention, preferably one deck net wherein is cut into and can crosses another length continuously with the width of 0 °/90 ° orientation nets, make two so the nets of dipping intersect continuously close folded.Formed the flexible sheet material of continuous high tensile strength fibrous material like this.Referring to U.S.P.5 173138, list in this paper as a reference.This flexible sheet material (fibrage) also can the method according to this invention be used for making one or more bands with the film of discussing below then.This fibrage is enough pliable and tough, to twine according to method of the present invention; Then, if desired, perhaps twine,, can make its become very hard basically (according to drapability test) perhaps by fixing its method by huge amount.By changing the quantity and the orientation of net, can change the fibre weight percentage on the ring direction of band.A kind of method that reaches the fibre weight percentage of change on the ring direction is to close folded material and one or more layers one-way tape/material manufacturing composite sheet (referring to following examples) by intersection.For example, two unidirectional sheet materials intersect and close folded sheet material and constituted the uneven fabric with about 75% (weight) fiber on the ring direction with one.

In another embodiment, the high strength filament web of one or more dipping uncured thermoset resin has similarly been made flexible sheet material, and according to the present invention, this sheet material is wound in one or more band around core, then carries out resin solidification (or point solidifies).

Film also can be used as one or more layers of band, preferably as outer.As the case may be, thin film or plural layers can add as matrix material (lamination) with matrix material, or add after matrix material.When film adds fashionablely as matrix material, preferably on core, twine with fiber or fabric (net), then fixed; Core also can become the part of structure.The film thickness minimum is about 0.1 mil, as long as film length is still enough pliable and tough to can be made into band, its thickness just can be the thickness as needs.Preferred film thickness is the 0.1-50 mil, most preferably is the 0.35-10 mil.Because a variety of causes for example in order to change friction character, in order to increase anti-flammability, in order to improve chemical resistance, is degraded in order to increase radiation hardness, and/or in order to prevent that material is diffused in the matrix, is used film on the surface of band.The film, resin and the ultimate fibre that depend on selection, film can maybe can not adhere to and be with.Heating and/or pressure can produce desired bonding, perhaps might use temperature-sensitive or contact adhesive between film and band, to produce desired adhesive effect.The example of acceptable adhesive comprises polystyrene-poly isoprene-polystyrene block copolymer, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), thermoplasticity and heat-curable urethane, thermoplasticity and thermosetting polysulfide and common hot-melt adhesive.

Can be in the present invention as matrix material film comprise TPO film, thermoplastic elastomer thin film, crosslinked thermoplastic film, crosslinked elastomer thin film, polyester film, polyamide film, fluorine carbon film, polyurethane film, polyvinylidene chloride film, polyvinyl chloride film and plural layers.Can use the homopolymers or the copolymer of these films, these films can be not have orientation, uniaxial orientation or biaxial orientation.Film can contain pigment or plasticizer.

Useful TPO film comprises the film of the copolymer of the ethene of low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), LLDPE, polybutene and crystallization and propylene.Spendable polyester film comprises the film of PET and polybutylene terephthalate.

Can when band is heated, shrink by the inner lining material of making by the plastic sheeting wrappage and exert pressure; For this application, acceptable material for example is polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and vinyl-vinyl acetate copolymer.

For heat of solidification plastic resin or make the net bonded to each other, can also be in order to make net and at least one layer film bonding, temperature that band of the present invention bore and/or pressure change with employed special system.For example, for the extended chain ultimate fibre, depend on the matrix material kind of selection, temperature range is about 20-150 ℃, preferably about 50-145 ℃, and more preferably about 80-120 ℃.Pressure limit can be about 10 pounds/inch ²(69 kPas)-10,000 pounds/inch ²(69,000 kPas).When being lower than about 100 ℃ when cooperating with temperature, the time is less than about 1.0 minutes, and only working pressure is about 10 pounds/inch ²(69 kPas)-500 pounds/inch ²(3450 kPas) just can make adjacent ultimate fibre stick together.When the about 100-155 of temperature ℃ cooperates, about 1-5 of time minute, about 100 pounds/inch of pressure ²(690 kPas)-10,000 pounds/inch ²(69,000 kPas) can make ultimate fibre distortion and force together (shape that is similar film usually).When the about 150-155 of temperature ℃ cooperates, time 1-5 minute, about 100 pounds/inch of pressure ²(690 kPas)-10,000 pounds/inch ²(69,000 kPas) can make film become translucent or transparent.The filamentary temperature range upper limit of polypropylene is answered high about 10-20 ℃ than ECPE ultimate fibre.For the aromatic polyamides ultimate fibre, Kevlar ultimate fibre particularly, temperature range should be about 149-205 ℃ (about 300-400 a °F).

Can adopt the band application plus-pressure of several different methods on core.Above mentioned the shrink wrapped of plastic sheeting.Hot-pressing processing is the another kind of method of exerting pressure, in this case also heating simultaneously.The outside available contractile packaging material parcel of every band makes the Temperature Treatment of material shrink wrapped then, so gives the band application plus-pressure.This band can with on the ring direction on core shrink wrapped, this can fixed whole piece band, perhaps uses be placed on vertical with the ring direction of band to twine core band material on every side and crosses belt surface, band can be retracted parcel; Under latter event, the seamed edge of band can keep not concretion state, and face is fixed.

Utilize elastomer resin system, thermosetting resin system or resin system, wherein thermoplastic resin and elastomer resin or thermosetting resin are used, and can only use pressure treatment with many bands that fibrage constitutes, with fixed its band.This is the method for optimizing of fixed band.But, utilize the thermoplastic resin system, the many bands that form with continuous length/thickness can be only with heat treatment make be with fixed, or heat and pressure fitted processing make be with fixed.

In the most preferred embodiment, the about 0.05-0.15 Kilograms Per Square Meter of each fibrolaminar surface density.The surface density of each band is about 0.5-40 Kilograms Per Square Meter, preferably about 1-20 Kilograms Per Square Meter, more preferably about 2-10 Kilograms Per Square Meter.At SPECTRA SHIELD _Composite nonwoven fabric constitutes in the fibrolaminar embodiment, and these surface densities are corresponding with each band fiber number of plies, and each band fiber number of plies is about 10-400, preferably about 20-200, more preferably about 40-100.In three band cube designs of most preferred embodiment of the present invention, this cubical each face has two antiknock material bands, and the fiber number of plies of aforementioned each face of cube is doubled.When the fiber that uses is not high strength elongated chain polyethylene, and as SPECTRA _During polyethylene fibre, the number of plies may need to increase the modulus feature to reach high strength and to be provided by preferred embodiment.

" bolt " that passes ring can be soft: rope, rove, single band, protecting screen (preferably with on the length direction of bolt greater than 80% fiber), braid, belt, fabric (preferably with length direction at bolt on greater than the yarn imbalance of 50% (weight)), and combination.Single band, protecting screen and fabric rollable form cylinder.They can be sewn, tied up or heat and pressurize with belt, and are fixed to reach certain.Matrix can be with or without.The optimum fiber that uses in softness/flexible bolt is selected from following fiber: elongation chain polyolefine fiber, aramid fibre, polybenzoxazole fibers, polybenzothiozole fiber, vinal, polyacrylonitrile fibre, liquid copolymeric ester fiber, Fypro, glass fibre, carbon fiber and composition thereof.

The standard of soft bolt is as follows.Below be the relation of blocking between band/belt characteristic: (band tensile strength of fiber (the S on face _f), belt number (n _p), the terminal number (n of one deck _e), yarn (end) danier (d), bolt-bar width (b)) and soft bolt (rope) parameter: (rope fibre strength (the S on another face _r), rope danier (d _r).Rope intensity N=S _rd _r)

(S _r×2×n _e×d×n _p×b)/4?Sinα＝d _rS _r

Restriction rope makes it not move (slips) and passes the method (for example caudal knot, friction) of keyhole (hinge) and influence angle α, and in fact just with this angle, rope stops the end of being with to separate.Knot and afterbody hinge the closer to and knot tight more, angle α is just more little.Bolt causes similar trend to bigger friction between the hinge surface.The hard insert of hinge limits its cross-direction shrinkage, has also caused littler α.

Angle α should be too not little, because as α → 0, needed rope intensity N=S _rd _r→ ∞.If the angle is too big, band will can not play suitable effect, and band is too loosened, and can not participate in the process of inhibition that explodes effectively.

It below is the example that calculates the intensity of rope that requires.Think that belt is made of 14 layers of SPECTRASHIELD fabric.

S _f=30 gram/dawn, n _p=14 layers; The width b=2 inch of each bar requires the intensity of rope to be according to (1) so

The N[pound]=11,088/Sin α, (2)

This can obtain following table:

α° 5 10 15 30 45

The N[pound] 127,000 63,800 42,800 22,170 15,680

These numbers are compared (d with the intensity of the Spectra rope of diameter 0.75 _r=162,000 gram;

S _f=30 gram/dawn, i.e. N _r=106,920 pounds)

If allow α 〉=6 ° (b≤2 inch), then this rope is enough solid for the design of this band.

" bolt " that the present invention uses can be rigidity, for example metal, plastics, pottery, timber, fiber composite and combination thereof.If the use metal, it can be selected from steel, steel alloy, aluminium, aluminium alloy, titanium and titanium alloy.If use the fibre-reinforced composite of rigidity, fortifying fibre preferably is selected from aluminum fiber, aluminum alloy fiber, titanium fiber, titanium alloy fiber, steel fibre, steel alloy fiber, ceramic fibre, elongation chain polyolefine fiber, aramid fibre, polybenzoxazoles fiber; The polybenzothiozole fiber; Vinal, polyacrylonitrile fibre, liquid copolymeric ester fiber, Fypro and composition thereof.Fortifying fibre should be mainly at length direction.

The standard of rigidity bolt is as follows.Hinge for symmetry is arranged, and maximum moment of flexure equals M _Max=gb ²/ 8

By because the equation of the crooked maximum standard stress that causes:

σmax＝M _max/w _x

W in the formula _x=π d ³/ 32, for the rod with circular cross section of diameter d, we obtain with the equicohesive condition that is connected with hinge pin

σB＝qb ²32/8πd ³

With following standard: d ³〉=4qb ²/ π σ b (1)

Obtain second standard of following bolt by enough shear strength conditions

τbπd ²/4＝Q，

Work as Q=qb/4, promptly

d ²＝qb/τBπ (2)

Example: q=22000 pound; σ B=200ksi; τ B=100ksi; The b=2 inch

Standard 1:d 〉=0.824 inch

Standard 1:d 〉=0.375 inch

The check of equation (1) and (2) shows that when b reduced, desired bolt diameter reduced (for a certain size opening, the quantity of ring increases) with b and reduces.

The blast padded coaming means any material that can improve the container capability of antidetonance.The preferred blast padded coaming that uses when making container assemblies of the present invention is a polymer foam, as the vermiculite granule material; Condensable gas, preferred incombustible condensable gases; Heat sink material; Foamed glass; Micro-balloon; Balloon; Capsule; Hollow ball is preferably as the elastomer of basketball and tennis and so on; The wick fiber; And the combination of these materials.These materials are used in the antiknock container explosive or are equipped with around the luggage of explosive, and the shock wave that sent by blast of buffering.

Chemical explosion is characterised in that self propagation decomposes rapidly, and a large amount of heat is emitted in this decomposition, owing to unexpected pressure effect appears in hot effect to generation gas or ambient gas.Based on weight, evaporation of water heat and the heat similarity that discharges by explosive.If can realize the Rapid Thermal transmission, water just has the ability that reduces the blast overvoltage greatly.A kind of technology that reaches this desired effect is at explosive placed around heat sink material.Effectively heat sink material comprises the resistance aqueous foam material; Wherein contain the aqueous solution just like the antifreezing agent of glycerine, ethylene glycol and so on; Hydrated inorganic salt; Aqueous gel, the preferably aqueous gel of Zeng Qianging; The aqueous spray agent; Wet sponge, preferably elasticity wet sponge; Wet profiled filament; The fabric of temperature; Wet felt; Combination with these materials.The resistance aqueous foam material is most preferred, has the about 0.01-0.10 gram/cubic centimetre of density particularly, the resistance aqueous foam of more preferably about 0.03-0.08 gram/cubic centimetre.

Usually, the resistance aqueous foam material changes into heat energy with explosion energy by many mechanism in water.After blast, most of containers are all discharged gas, and in the time of under pressure is reduced to a certain critical value, the foamed material of depression expands again, thereby causes slowly discharging once more gas.The existence of these foamed materials has reduced energy and has transferred to the speed of surrounding environment by container, so has reduced danger.Preferably use gas (foaming agent) preparation resistance aqueous foam material used in the present invention, this gas is not supported burning and is condensable.Condensable meaning under pressure, gas will become liquid phase by gas phase, emit its condensation heat simultaneously, and this has heated the aqueous solution that closely contacts with this gas.For the gas of special application choice should depend on the pressure that room temperature and container (the inside placement gas) can bear.Preferred gas comprises hydrocarbon, as propane, butane (two kinds of isomers) and pentane (all isomers); Carbon dioxide; Inorganic gas is as ammonia, sulfur dioxide; Fluorocarbon, hydrogen ammonia fluorine carbon and hydrogen fluorine carbon particularly are for example as the GENETRON that buys from AlliedSignal Inc. _The series refrigerant, as be published in the AlliedSignalGENETRON in January nineteen ninety-five _Products Brochure (AlliedSignal GENETRON _The product brochure) described, list in this paper as a reference; And these combination of compounds.Preferred gas is iso-butane, and it can condensation under suitable pressure, pressure when room temperature about 30 pounds/inch ²Can use the condensable gases and the mixture of condensable gases not.For example, the mixture of iso-butane and tetrafluoromethane can at room temperature be used.Blast overvoltage meeting causes the iso-butane condensation, but tetrafluoromethane also keeps gaseous state.Preferred gas has the low velocity of sound.

In order to disperse rapidly the resistance aqueous foam material, require to use not can condensation in pressure measuring cylinder gas and the combination of condensed gas.When foamed material disperseed, remaining content was cooled.Therefore importantly there is permanent gas to exist, rate of dispersion can not slowed down.Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitric oxide or carbon tetrafluoride can be used as such gas.Evaporation has during dispersion been cooled off pressure measuring cylinder with the gas that the propellant effect is provided, and has slowed down and discharged the speed of gas.

The consideration that the foaming agent of selection resistance aqueous foam material is done can also be used for the gas of selection as the blast padded coaming of Foldable container (not having the resistance aqueous foam material).Such gas can be enclosed in the capsule in the container easily.

Following embodiment is convenient to more fully understand the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to some extent.Used following technical term in an embodiment:

(a) " surface density " is the construction weight in the per unit area structure of Kilograms Per Square Meter.The surface density of panel is the area of the weight of panel divided by panel.For the band with polygon cross section, the surface density of each face is the surface area of the weight of this face divided by this face.In most of the cases, the surface density of all faces is identical, can be called the surface density of structure.But in some cases, the surface density of different faces is different.For the band with circular cross section, surface density is the external surface area of the weight of band divided by band.For the cube container, surface density is each the panel surface density that constitutes six panels of chest face, does not comprise the surface density of hinge or bolt.

(b) " fiber areal densities of composite " equals the weight of the fabric reinforcement of per unit area composite.

(c) " C ₅₀", a kind of standard of measurement of antiknock, its C ₅₀Be in the explosive charge (with ounce) that makes the fracture of container/pipe 50% opportunity (C wherein ₀Not inefficacy/fracture of representative, C ₁₀₀Represented lose efficacy for 100% opportunity) measure.If lost efficacy under the amount, and do not lose efficacy, two amounts on average just can be calculated C in the lower amount of the next one ₅₀

In the following embodiments, the explosive of use is C4, and it is a 90%RDX (ring-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4, the 6-trinitramine) and 10% plasticizer (polyisobutene), it is the product of Hitech Inc., is the A explosive B B with shock velocity 8200 meter per seconds (26,900 feet per second).

The particular technology, condition, material, ratio and the report data that propose the explanation principle of the invention are exemplary, should not constitute limiting the scope of the invention.

Embodiment 1

All containers in the present embodiment all are cube shaped, are made of support shell, and three mutually perpendicular fortifying fibre/webbings are wrapped in around the support shell.The length of side is 15 inches in this cube.

Construction material is as follows.Support the cube shell and made by 0.25 inch thick glued board, glued board is followed closely on 0.75 * 0.75 inch mold pressing batten along inward flange.Heavily about 3.20 kilograms of shell.A face in six faces of cube shell stays open state, promptly without any glued board.Its band is made by single band of SPECTRA and SPECTRA SHIELD fabric, and the single band of SPECTRA is AlliedSignal, the product of the Inc. (SPECTRA 1000 that is arranged in parallel in the matrix of 20% (weight) Shell KRATON D, 1107 rubber ^TMHigh-performance extended chain fiber, about 0.0675 Kilograms Per Square Meter of surface density, 9.6 end/inch, 1300 denier fibers, every fiber is 240 ultimate fibres), SPECTRA SHIELD fabric also is AlliedSignal, Inc. product, this band contains single tape lamination material of two-layer mutually orthogonal, has about 0.135 Kilograms Per Square Meter of surface density, promptly is the double of single band.Use the SPECTRA fabric of knitting to make some band in addition separately.Fabric is by Clark-Schweble Inc.Anderson, NC 29622 braidings, and 955 types, the about 3.26 ounce/square yards of surface density, per inch 55 * 55 warp thread, the plain weave weave is used SPECTRA 1000 warp thread of 215 daniers; 1000/215/3 SPECTRA sewing thread is promptly made with the warp thread of three strand of 215 danier SPECTRA 1000 yarn, by Advance Fiber Technology Corp., and 15Industrial Rd, Fairfield, Nj 07006 makes.The KEVLAR that knitted _Fabric also is used to make some band separately.This fabric is also by Clark-Schweble Inc. braiding, 745 types, 13.6 ounce/square yards, KEVLAR 129 fibers, 3000 daniers, per inch 17 * 17 warp thread, plain weave weave.

Build three identical containers, C1-C3, wherein each bar of three bands all is continuously also removable, to obtain leading to inner inlet (referring to Fig. 8 A-8F, attention internal sizes plywood shell is not drawn).Making these containers in contrast, have one to be blocked on its length in three bands of this case, promptly is discontinuous band, and these containers can open or close by this class shutdown mechanism that bolt is inserted hinge.

Six face titles of each cube shaped chest are as follows: the face of opening=preceding, other five faces be respectively top, the end, left and right and after.For the chest C1-C3 of contrast, in be with 11 to adopt following method manufacturing.On every side around two-layer 15 inches wide continuous SPECTRASHIELD fabric strip, follow the single band of 34 layers of SPECTRA, then two-layer again SPECTRA SHIELD fabrics at preceding, top, back, the end.LLDPE (LLDPE) film with 2 mil thick covers the inside and outside of this band, is convenient to its band and slides on shell He outside the shell.If desired, with two-sided tape each layer sticked together.The centre is with 12 to be made of two parts: first, immovable part, and second portion, moveable portion.First with 12 is made by 4 layers 15 inches wide SPECTRASHIELD fabric, around top, the right side, degree and the left side of shell.Its second moveable part with 12 is made up of two-layer SPECTRA SHIELD fabric, 26 layers of single band of SPECTRA and two-layer again SPECTRASHIELD fabric.Image-tape 11 is the same, uses the LLDPE film, and covers according to the direction with 12 first's wrappages.13 make in addition preceding, left, afterwards and the right side around chest by 25 16 inches wide, the SPECTRA fabric (producing by Clark-Schwebel) of 955 types with the stitching of 100/215/3 SPECTRA line point.The weight of these three chests is as shown in table 1.

Other three containers, 1-3, except interiorly be with 11 ', 11 ", all make as stated above respectively 11 (referring to Figure 11 A-11C), they constitute a part of the present invention, it can open to lead to inner by the opening surface before the glued board shell.An important feature of these bands is that promptly any fiber around the direction of glued board shell all is not cut into discontinuous fiber on the ring direction, thus the intensity of losing.

In index zone, any fiber is all followed circular path and is wrapped in around the container.Be noted that block/zone of discontinuity in, any fiber all will be followed the path that is wrapped in around the container to arrive a given point, change direction 180 degree then, be circulated back to starting point from the other end.In order to make so band, the single band of 15 inches wide SPECTRA twines these two parallel to each other being placed in the rotating frame of pvc pipe around two parts of pvc pipe.Long 15 inches of these pipes, 1 inch of internal diameter, 1.3 inches of external diameters, separate about 0.63 inch (far away must be enough to make band can be installed in four 15 inches container faces around, and at the two ends of band the overlapping of ring arranged).Each pvc pipe has used vinyl ester resin (SILMAR) to adhere to the laminate of 4 layers of SPECTRA fabric (being of a size of 5.5 * 14.75 inches).The KEVLAR plate relative to each other.In order to obtain the surface density identical with contrasting container, twine the 17 layers 15 inches wide single band of SPECTRA around pvc pipe, then twine two-layer SPECTRASHIELD fabric.These 15 inches wide layer is separately lined up seven about 2 inches wide bars on a pipe.Get together and be bundled into 1 inch wide ring for every around pipe.On another pipe, with two inches wide bars of six centralized positionings of similar methods gathering, two one inch wide bars are put in the side.With this method, on each pipe of these two pipes, for each part that has a fibre bundle, corresponding part does not contact fiber.These parts are cut, therefore obtain two and half hinges.By bolt is inserted remaining tube portion make their the interlocking and couple together.Any fiber (except covering 2 layers of reverse fiber of SPECTRA SHIELD fabric of single band) is not cut in attention in the hinge manufacture process, therefore do not lose intensity.These three container 1-3 of the present invention are identical, except the bolt of hinge.The surface density of these three container 1-3 is identical with the surface density of contrast chest C1-C3.

In container 1, bolt is the steel bolt of rigidity, and AERMET 100, and HT 303769, NOJ-7781-01, from Carpenter Technology Corp., Carpenter SteelDivision, Reading, PA 19612,1.01 inches of diameters, 15.75 inches of length, weight 1646 grams (41.1 gram per centimeter).

In container 2, bolt is soft SPECTRA rope, Part Code 7102048SZZL, Maxibraid-Maxijacket, grey is from Yale Cordage Co, Rigging Division, 100 Fore Street, Portland, ME 04101,0.75 inch of rope diameter, 67 inches of length, weight 307 grams (1.80 gram per centimeter).This rope passes the universal joint (ring) of hinge, stays same unnecessary head at two ends.Make a call to two knots at an end of hinge, be kept perfectly.Insert the rope back the other end near as far as possible make a call to a knot.Unnecessary rope and knot push in the container.

In container 3, make bolt with following method.Aluminium bar around 0.5 inch of a diameter vertically twines the single band of SPECTRA: the aluminium bar around diameter 0.5 inch diameter twines 15 layers of single band, with the machine direction quadrature be 10 inches wide, in machine direction is 46 inches long, and 15 inches of this aluminium bars are long, and lengthwise is placed in the middle on 46 inches long single band bundles.With the insulating tape winding single band wrappage bundle is rolled together, except the arbitrary end of aluminium bar stays 2 inches place.These two inches gaps have increased the pliability of arbitrary end of rod in the band, the collapsible part near rod of therefore single band wrappage.Weight is as follows: aluminium bar 136 grams, singly be with 304 grams, insulating tape 20 grams, gross weight 460 grams (aluminium bar 3.57 gram per centimeters, single band bundle 2.60 gram per centimeters).Bolt passes the universal joint (ring) of hinge, is positioned at the center of the aluminium bar part of parcel in the universal joint of hinge." bolt " of the unnecessary length on the arbitrary end of hinge is folded near the outside on the anterior container two sides of hinge.The weight of container 1-3 is listed in the table 2.

Tested contrast container/case C1-C3 with 1.5,2.5,3.0 ounces of C4 respectively.There are all containers that explosive is housed of band all to be kept perfectly intact; The clamping plate inner casing breaks terribly.

With 2.0 ounces of C4 tested container 1-3 of the present invention (have coupling bar block/discontinuous band): container 1, the steel bolt that its uses rigidity is equipped with explosive.See that any distortion does not take place bolt.The PVC guide thimble is pulverized.Container 2, it uses the SPECTRA rope, and explosive is housed.See that rope is not subjected to any damage, but the PVC guide thimble is pulverized again.Container 3, the aluminium bar that it uses the single band parcel of SPCTRA is equipped with explosive.Bolt is a bit crooked, and the PVC guide thimble is pulverized.

Expect that 4 ounces of C4 can make the contrast case lose efficacy.Suppose it is this result, calculate C ₅₀It is 3.5 ounces.The C that has each container that blocks band ₅₀Greater than 2.0 ounces.

Embodiment 2

Referring to Figure 10 A-10E, made and tested the air baggage container that the LD3 type is reinforced.This container is a rectangular box, and inch wide * 63, about 77 inches long * 56 of size are inch high.Make inch wide * 20, about 20 inches long * 56 inch high step in the bottom of one side, be convenient to parcel.This case is made by glass fibre/honeycomb sandwics plate, and 0.5 inch thick, and 95 pounds (buy from Teklam, part N505EC has glass fibre/epoxides skin and NOMEX to the sheet material gross weight of use _Honeycomb).Structural glass fiber/honeycomb shell has an opening in front, 40 inches * 40 inches.All plates are cut into the size of face in advance, use the thermoplastic cement (#3789 Jet-Melt adhesive, the product of 3M company) of heat fusing that they are assembled into container.This shell provides the structure function of chest, and its keeps shape when chest is filled, and the mode loading or unloading that can miss potter with a kind of user.

Strengthen mutually at first by three, vertical band provides the functions that suppress blast, these bring from SPECTRA SHILD fabric (two continuous band constitute in the middle of band and in addition, one have articulated block/discontinuous band constitute in band).The band that blocks that covers shell split shed zone is made of 14 layers of SPECTRA SHIELD fabric, and 54 inches (4.5 feet) are wide, so overlapping about 7 inches of shell split shed width two ends.By the direction cutting of parallel fibers along ring, afterbody (dark to 6 inches) is divided into 2 inches bar again, connect thereby obtain hinge.These each symmetrical folds on its face get up, and use two-sided tape in folding, make bar only have 1 inch wide.The part of PVC plastic tube (1.4 inches of internal diameters, wide 1 inch) be fixed on the inside of each bar, thereby the circular open of generation rule, coupling bar (1.375 inches of diameters, AERMAT 100 hard steel bolts, long 54 inches, 27 pounds of weight, from Carpenter Technology Corp., Carpenter Steel Division, Reading, PA 19612 buys) can insert by this opening.Band separates preparation with chest in blocking.

Referring to Figure 10 A and 10C, can see the continuously time band narrower than the width of chest, form on the chest by directly being wrapped in.Each bar has the SPECTRA SHIELD fabric of 14 parcel/layers.In preceding, top, back, end direction, on the face that directly inferior band is twined opening on the chest (referring to 10A), above chest, place the interior band that blocks afterwards, tie and connect the centre of passing inlet.Bolt is horizontal level.By directly on chest, twining, make to other times with similar two extra time bands continuously.These times band also is placed on arbitrary of inlet, but twines (referring to Figure 10 C) on preceding, side, back, side direction.These times band is permanently affixed on the chest, and the preceding two-sided tape (similar to product 465,2 mil Hitact ADH Transfer Tape buy from 3M company) that passes through is fixed them.

The triangle chock of 0.125 inch thick aluminium (inch wide * 20, about 21 inches long * 56 are inch high, the end sealing) is placed in the step, and its bottom is put into the outside before the band in winding.This chock, with the chest of band step, constitute LD3 air baggage container brachymemma face.By on side, top, side, end direction, twining SPECTRA SHIELD fabric, the appropriate section (top and bottom) of band in covering, band in the middle of forming.Because middle band does not hinder chest to open, so it is permanently affixed on the chest.To mentioned above similar, it is fixed on the chest with two-sided tape.

Be made into movably in addition.By 14 layers in the SPECTRA SHIELD fabric of 54 inches of whole width is made in addition to winding along side, preceding, side, rear.Be placed on the container in addition, so it can move in vertical direction.The height of this band makes its get off wedge part of the shortening face of crossing.Use for commerce, this band should have such height, not make under its wedge part that extends to shortening face.

To mentioned above similar, by in winding process, between SPECTRA SHIELD fabric, regularly putting two-sided tape, obtain with complete.SPECTRA SHIELD fabric total amount used in the chest is 140 pounds.

With this container of following method test.In a common luggage, place 1 ounce of C4.Adorn common passenger's clothing and toilet articles in other common luggage, these luggage are in layer stacked in container, and are half-full approximately up to container.Then the luggage that the C4 explosive is housed is placed on the geometric center of container (box).Add extra which floor common luggage then, up to the chest about two-thirds full.Tighten with the interior band of strap bolt again and, container (box) is assembled in addition sliding into suitable position.C4 then ignites.Expect that this box successfully controlled blast, fabric strip comprises the interior band (door) that blocks that uses the bolt closing organ, not inefficacy.

By above description, those skilled in the art can be easy to definite essential characteristic of the present invention, and not departing under its spirit and scope condition, can make various changes and modification to the present invention, make it be fit to various application and condition.

Table 1

Band glued board shell+4 layers of shell gross weight C1 1.82 1.54 1.91 3.47 8.75 C2 1.77 1.55 1.90 3.50 8.71 C3 1.78 1.53 2.03 3.16 8.49 in the band in the middle of contrast case weight (kilogram) sample is removable in addition

Table 2

The weight of container of the present invention (kilogram) container/gross weight is glued board shell, interior and middle band assembly bolt in addition

Not (not having bolt) 1/10.71 kilogram 1.81 kilograms 7.25 kilograms 1.65 kilograms 2/9.23 kilogram 1.72 kilograms 7.20 kilograms 0.31 kilogram 3/10.00 kilogram 1.79 kilograms 7.75 kilograms 0.46 kilogram

Claims (10)

1, a kind of pressure band, it comprises:

One band, described band has length and width, at least one fleece is arranged, this net toughness is at least about 10 gram/dawn, stretch modulus is at least about 200 gram/dawn, contains along the length of the described band fiber of continuous length basically at least about the described fiber of 50 weight %, and described band is blocked in its length, thereby the generation two ends, described each end has at least one unbroken loop; With

Bolt, described bolt couples together the ring at two ends and another ring.

2, pressure band according to claim 1, wherein bolt comprises the rigid material that passes the ring insertion, and band is closed, and described material is selected from metal, plastics, pottery, timber, fibre reinforced composites and combination thereof.

3, pressure band according to claim 1, wherein bolt comprises the hard fibre reinforced composites that pass the ring insertion, band is closed, and described fortifying fibre is selected from aluminum fiber, aluminum alloy fiber, titanium fiber, titanium alloy fiber, steel fibre, steel alloy fiber, ceramic fibre, elongation chain polyolefine fiber, aramid fibre, polybenzoxazole fibers, polybenzothiozole fiber, vinal, polyacrylonitrile fibre, liquid copolymeric ester fiber, Fypro and composition thereof.

4, pressure band according to claim 1, wherein bolt comprises the flexible material that passes the ring insertion, band is closed, and described flexible material is selected from elongation chain polyolefine fiber, aramid fibre, polybenzoxazole fibers, polybenzothiozole fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyacrylonitrile fibre, liquid copolymeric ester fiber, Fypro, glass fibre, carbon fiber and composition thereof.

5, pressure band according to claim 1, wherein bolt comprises the flexible material that passes the ring insertion, and band is closed, and described flexible material is selected from rope, rove, single band, protecting screen, braid, band, fabric and combination thereof.

6, pressure band according to claim 1, wherein fleece is in resin matrix.

7, pressure band according to claim 6, wherein all basically fibrous materials are included in the fiber of the continuous length that is arranged in parallel on the ring direction of described ring in described ring.

8, a kind of container assemblies, this assembly comprise the described pressure band of claim 1 with the container combination, and described pressure band makes the chest explosion-proof round chest.

9, a kind of barrier member, this member comprises a face, described well-regulated polygon periphery, this periphery has a plurality of substantially parallel sides, each described parallel side terminates at least one and becomes whole ring with its face, and described face has at least one fleece, and its net toughness is at least about 10 gram/dawn, stretch modulus is included in the fiber of the continuous length of arranging on the direction of described ring basically at least about 200 gram/dawn at least about the described fiber of 50 weight %.

10, a kind of antiknock container assemblies, it comprises:

A. lid, the described polygon periphery that is stamped, its periphery has first and second substantially parallel side, each described parallel side terminates at least one complete ring, described at least one fleece that is stamped, and its net toughness is at least about 10 gram/dawn, stretch modulus is at least about 200 gram/dawn, comprise the fiber of continuous length basically at least about the described fiber of 50 weight %, they are substantially perpendicular to described first and second side, and arrange on the direction of described ring;

B. container, described container has a wall and an inlet is arranged in wall, and described wall has at least two complete rings on first and second side of described relatively inlet;

C. the connecting elements of the ring on first side of ring on first side of described lid and described inlet; With

D. the connecting elements of the ring on second side of ring on second of described lid side and described inlet, described lid is covered with described inlet.

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