CN108040965A - 一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,粗饲料组成多样化,根据实际情况合理搭配,保证粗饲料、青饲料和精料的供给,保证整个育肥期按照预期增重生长,及时防病免疫,并且针对生长过程中出现的各种应激给予对症处理,保证育肥期间健康的生长,减少抗生素及药物的使用,在日粮中添加的微量元素和微生态制剂,能够减少胃肠道疾病的发生率,提高健康水平,又具有明显的催肥作用,提高机体的免疫功能,加快育肥速度,提高饲料转化率,减少疾病的发生,本发明的饲养方法能够促进肉牛的快速生长,提高肉牛养殖效益,并且养殖过程中病害少,减少了药物、激素、抗生素的使用,为人们提供了绿色安全、肉质鲜美的牛肉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肉牛养殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法。
背景技术
随着我国经济发展,畜牧业不断扩大,人们生活质量水平的不断提高,市场对牛肉的需求量也随之增长。肉牛养殖效益好,但是,提升牛肉质量,确保食用安全,是确保养殖高效益的前提保障。在此,肉牛的养殖,务必用科学合理的管理措施,及时到位的防病措施,确保肉牛养殖的高质高产,但目前由于肉牛的养殖专业户对肉牛的饲养及管理技术不到位,导致畜牧业养殖的经济效益不理想,不仅浪费资源,而且对生产的牛肉质量也不高。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)肉牛挑选及饲养技术:挑选结构匀称、四肢粗壮、体长背宽、皮毛光泽好的3-6月龄的育成牛,精料供给量应随日龄的增加而逐步加大,饲养过程中,同时补给优质青干草和青绿多汁饲料,满6月龄时,精料的供给量可达2Kg,青干草微量可达1kg,青饲料可达4kg,7-13月龄,瘤胃容积逐步增大,采食量可达体重的7-9%,育肥牛可转入育肥舍进行育肥;
(2)肉牛育肥:定时饲喂,每天3次,饲料以精、青、粗适当搭配,青料以牧草为主,粗料以农作物秸秆青贮、氨化料为主,每头牛每天补盐30-50g,添加剂15-20g,在保证牛吃饱的同时,还要保证让牛饮足清洁的水,每日饮水3次,一般喂料1h后饮水,除冬季饮温水外,其他季节可饮凉水;
(3)应激调控:
a、营养调控:发生冷应激时,提高日粮的能量比,适当减少日粮中蛋白质含量,发生热应激时,要在日粮中补充矿物质,如钠、钾、钙等的浓度,同时增加供水次数,还要适当调整饲喂方法,选择较为凉爽的早上和晚上喂牛,并且增加饲喂量和采食时间,在日粮中添加一些抗应激类的添加剂;
b、饲养管理:控制好饲养环境的温度,保持适宜的温、湿度,夏季做好防暑工作,搭建凉棚,减少热辐射,注意舍内的通风,寒冷季节做好牛舍保暖工作,减少冷应激的发生,在给犊牛断奶前要先训练犊牛在断奶前采食粗颗粒,逐渐减少哺乳的次数,保证断奶工作的顺利进行;
c、加强消毒:每天定期对牛舍粪便进行清除,做好地面和空气消毒工作,肉牛饮水也要进行消毒,防止病菌传播给牛,影响健康;
(4)防疫接种及疾病预防:按照疫苗接种要求定期对肉牛注射疫苗,降低各类疫病的发生,对于疾病的防治提倡以防为主,防治结合的方针,所用兽药必须符合GMP标准,禁止使用麻醉药、镇静药、中枢兴奋药、化学保定咬及骨骼肌松弛药,禁止使用过期淘汰的药品;
(5)适时出栏:肉牛育肥3-4个月,体重达到500kg即可出栏,此时的肉牛肌肉丰满,膘情良好,是出栏及屠宰的最佳时机。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,步骤(1)中所述的进入育肥期饲养上以青干草为主,加大粗饲料供给量,限制精粮饲喂量,不得超过3kg。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,步骤(2)中所述的定时饲喂时间点为7:00-9:00,16:00-17:00,21:00-22:00。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,步骤(2)中所述的每头牛的喂量为精料2-3kg,青饲料15-20kg,粗料5-6kg,先喂粗料后精料再青料。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,步骤(2)中所述的添加剂为铁、铜、碘、钾、锰、硒、锌、生物素、烟酸、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、枯草杆菌、尿素、沸石粉和磷酸二氢钙,其质量比为0.8-1:0.9-1.2:0.1-0.2:3.7-4.2:3-3.4:0.03-0.05:2-3:0.04-0.06:18-24:0.005-0.01:0.005-0.01:0.05-0.01:22-25:14-17:5-7。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,步骤(3)a营养调控中所述的热应激时添加的抗应激类的添加剂为维生素C和小苏打。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,在育肥期肉牛每天在户外自由活动3h,上下午各1.5h。
本发明的优点是:本发明所述的粗饲料组成多样化,根据实际情况合理搭配,保证粗饲料、青饲料和精料的供给,保证整个育肥期按照预期增重生长,及时防病免疫,并且针对生长过程中出现的各种应激给予对症处理,保证育肥期间健康的生长,减少抗生素及药物的使用,在日粮中添加的微量元素和微生态制剂,能够减少胃肠道疾病的发生率,提高健康水平,又具有明显的催肥作用,提高机体的免疫功能,加快育肥速度,提高饲料转化率,减少疾病的发生,本发明的饲养方法能够促进肉牛的快速生长,提高肉牛养殖效益,并且养殖过程中病害少,减少了药物、激素、抗生素的使用,为人们提供了绿色安全、肉质鲜美的牛肉。
具体实施方式
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)肉牛挑选及饲养技术:挑选结构匀称、四肢粗壮、体长背宽、皮毛光泽好的3月龄的育成牛,精料供给量应随日龄的增加而逐步加大,饲养过程中,同时补给优质青干草和青绿多汁饲料,满6月龄时,精料的供给量可达2Kg,青干草微量可达1kg,青饲料可达4kg,7月龄,瘤胃容积逐步增大,采食量可达体重的7%,育肥牛可转入育肥舍进行育肥;
(2)肉牛育肥:定时饲喂,每天3次,饲料以精、青、粗适当搭配,青料以牧草为主,粗料以农作物秸秆青贮、氨化料为主,每头牛每天补盐30g,添加剂15g,在保证牛吃饱的同时,还要保证让牛饮足清洁的水,每日饮水3次,一般喂料1h后饮水,除冬季饮温水外,其他季节可饮凉水;
(3)应激调控:
a、营养调控:发生冷应激时,提高日粮的能量比,适当减少日粮中蛋白质含量,发生热应激时,要在日粮中补充矿物质,如钠、钾、钙等的浓度,同时增加供水次数,还要适当调整饲喂方法,选择较为凉爽的早上和晚上喂牛,并且增加饲喂量和采食时间,在日粮中添加一些抗应激类的添加剂;
b、饲养管理:控制好饲养环境的温度,保持适宜的温、湿度,夏季做好防暑工作,搭建凉棚,减少热辐射,注意舍内的通风,寒冷季节做好牛舍保暖工作,减少冷应激的发生,在给犊牛断奶前要先训练犊牛在断奶前采食粗颗粒,逐渐减少哺乳的次数,保证断奶工作的顺利进行;
c、加强消毒:每天定期对牛舍粪便进行清除,做好地面和空气消毒工作,肉牛饮水也要进行消毒,防止病菌传播给牛,影响健康;
(4)防疫接种及疾病预防:按照疫苗接种要求定期对肉牛注射疫苗,降低各类疫病的发生,对于疾病的防治提倡以防为主,防治结合的方针,所用兽药必须符合GMP标准,禁止使用麻醉药、镇静药、中枢兴奋药、化学保定咬及骨骼肌松弛药,禁止使用过期淘汰的药品;
(5)适时出栏:肉牛育肥3个月,体重达到500kg即可出栏,此时的肉牛肌肉丰满,膘情良好,是出栏及屠宰的最佳时机。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,步骤(1)中所述的进入育肥期饲养上以青干草为主,加大粗饲料供给量,限制精粮饲喂量,不得超过3kg。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,步骤(2)中所述的定时饲喂时间点为7:00:00,16:00:00,21:00:00。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,步骤(2)中所述的每头牛的喂量为精料2kg,青饲料15kg,粗料5kg,先喂粗料后精料再青料。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,步骤(2)中所述的添加剂为铁、铜、碘、钾、锰、硒、锌、生物素、烟酸、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、枯草杆菌、尿素、沸石粉和磷酸二氢钙,其质量比为0.8:0.9:0.1:3.7:3:0.03:2:0.04:18:0.005:0.005:0.05:22:14:5。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,步骤(3)a营养调控中所述的热应激时添加的抗应激类的添加剂为维生素C和小苏打。
一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,在育肥期肉牛每天在户外自由活动3h,上下午各1.5h。
Claims (7)
1.一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)肉牛挑选及饲养技术:挑选结构匀称、四肢粗壮、体长背宽、皮毛光泽好的3-6月龄的育成牛,精料供给量应随日龄的增加而逐步加大,饲养过程中,同时补给优质青干草和青绿多汁饲料,满6月龄时,精料的供给量可达2Kg,青干草微量可达1kg,青饲料可达4kg,7-13月龄,瘤胃容积逐步增大,采食量可达体重的7-9%,育肥牛可转入育肥舍进行育肥;
(2)肉牛育肥:定时饲喂,每天3次,饲料以精、青、粗适当搭配,青料以牧草为主,粗料以农作物秸秆青贮、氨化料为主,每头牛每天补盐30-50g,添加剂15-20g,在保证牛吃饱的同时,还要保证让牛饮足清洁的水,每日饮水3次,一般喂料1h后饮水,除冬季饮温水外,其他季节可饮凉水;
(3)应激调控:
a、营养调控:发生冷应激时,提高日粮的能量比,适当减少日粮中蛋白质含量,发生热应激时,要在日粮中补充矿物质,如钠、钾、钙等的浓度,同时增加供水次数,还要适当调整饲喂方法,选择较为凉爽的早上和晚上喂牛,并且增加饲喂量和采食时间,在日粮中添加一些抗应激类的添加剂;
b、饲养管理:控制好饲养环境的温度,保持适宜的温、湿度,夏季做好防暑工作,搭建凉棚,减少热辐射,注意舍内的通风,寒冷季节做好牛舍保暖工作,减少冷应激的发生,在给犊牛断奶前要先训练犊牛在断奶前采食粗颗粒,逐渐减少哺乳的次数,保证断奶工作的顺利进行;
c、加强消毒:每天定期对牛舍粪便进行清除,做好地面和空气消毒工作,肉牛饮水也要进行消毒,防止病菌传播给牛,影响健康;
(4)防疫接种及疾病预防:按照疫苗接种要求定期对肉牛注射疫苗,降低各类疫病的发生,对于疾病的防治提倡以防为主,防治结合的方针,所用兽药必须符合GMP标准,禁止使用麻醉药、镇静药、中枢兴奋药、化学保定咬及骨骼肌松弛药,禁止使用过期淘汰的药品;
(5)适时出栏:肉牛育肥3-4个月,体重达到500kg即可出栏,此时的肉牛肌肉丰满,膘情良好,是出栏及屠宰的最佳时机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的进入育肥期饲养上以青干草为主,加大粗饲料供给量,限制精粮饲喂量,不得超过3kg。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的定时饲喂时间点为7:00-9:00,16:00-17:00,21:00-22:00。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的每头牛的喂量为精料2-3kg,青饲料15-20kg,粗料5-6kg,先喂粗料后精料再青料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的添加剂为铁、铜、碘、钾、锰、硒、锌、生物素、烟酸、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、枯草杆菌、尿素、沸石粉和磷酸二氢钙,其质量比为0.8-1:0.9-1.2:0.1-0.2:3.7-4.2:3-3.4:0.03-0.05:2-3:0.04-0.06:18-24:0.005-0.01:0.005-0.01:0.05-0.01:22-25:14-17:5-7。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)a营养调控中所述的热应激时添加的抗应激类的添加剂为维生素C和小苏打。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种肉牛的育肥饲养方法,其特征在于,在育肥期肉牛每天在户外自由活动3h,上下午各1.5h。
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