CN1080377C - 燃料喷射器的改进流动区域的电枢 - Google Patents
燃料喷射器的改进流动区域的电枢 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
- F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0644—One-way valve
- F16K31/0655—Lift valves
- F16K31/0658—Armature and valve member being one single element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2700/00—Supplying, feeding or preparing air, fuel, fuel air mixtures or auxiliary fluids for a combustion engine; Use of exhaust gas; Compressors for piston engines
- F02M2700/07—Nozzles and injectors with controllable fuel supply
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Abstract
电枢(22)具有限定主轴向通孔的管状壁。轴向上端(100)的外径大于轴向下端(102)的外径。处于上下端之间的管状壁部分具有截头锥体外表面(104)。单独通孔(124)在截头锥体表面上穿过管状壁延伸到不与主轴向通孔(106)垂直相交的位置。针阀的上端插入主通孔(106)的轴向下端(116)中,并用焊接或压接连接这两个部件。针阀(24)的插入端不遮断穿过管状管(112)延伸的单独通孔(124),这样,进入电枢的燃料经过主通孔的敞开上端改变方向,再经过管状壁中的单独通孔(124)从电枢流出。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种电磁操作的燃料喷射器,其用于内燃机的燃料喷射系统。
发明背景
在一些电磁操作的燃料喷射器中,电枢设置在穿过燃料喷射器的内部燃料通道中,并与阀元件相连,使这两个元件组成整体部件。由于电枢形成磁回路的一部分,因此,设计中必须考虑磁回路和在其中的燃料流动的限制。另一方面,阀元件的设计需要考虑各种因素,包括燃料流动限制,还要考虑在操作过程中反复撞击坚硬的阀座所引起的密封问题。因此,典型地,电枢和阀元件用不同材料制成,前者是用磁性较软的铁磁性材料形成,而后者是用磁性较硬的铁磁性材料形成。迄今为止,为了减少电枢对燃料流动的限制,将电枢设计成带有允许燃料流过的内部通道和/或形成围绕电枢外部的较大流动区域的外部平面或通道。
电枢中的流道通常设置在接近电枢到阀元件的连接界面处。并采用压接和/或焊接两种工艺将阀元件和电枢连接在一起,这两元件需要在连接界面处利用一定的最少量的材料,以使连接能顺利地实现。而为了改善燃料通过和/或穿过电枢的流动,趋向兼顾可以被省略的材料量。结果,现有技术的电枢结构中,使用了许多穿过底部的小孔和/或在外径上的平面或通道。这种方案可能需要许多机加工过程,但是,仍不能达到需减少要控制比较高的流速的限制。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种方案得到改善的电枢本身和与之结合的燃料喷射器的一定配合元件是与现有技术不同的电枢结构。本发明还允许利用压接和/或焊接方法连接阀元件与电枢,但流动的限制比较小。
本发明的一种用于向内燃机喷射燃料的电操作燃料喷射器的电枢,所述的燃料喷射器包括:燃料进口;具有阀座元件的喷嘴,经过该喷嘴将燃料从喷射器喷入发动机中;位于喷射器内部并用于将进入燃料进口的燃料输送到喷嘴的内部通道;有选择地开闭阀座元件的电磁操作阀机构,具有电枢和与电枢连接在一起的阀元件,在上述内部通道中轴向往复运动;电磁线圈,根据该电磁线圈有选择地通电来操作阀座元件的开闭;以及将阀元件偏压到关闭阀座元件的位置的弹簧,其特征是,所述的电枢包括:
细长元件,具有位于一端的带有第一外径的第一轴向延伸部分、位于另一端的带有第二外径的第二轴向延伸部分和将所述第一与第二轴向延伸部分连接在一起的第三轴向延伸的截头锥体部分;
从上述内部通道延伸并沿着所述细长元件的长度延伸的阶梯通孔,所述阶梯通孔具有第一扩孔、第二扩孔及将第一扩孔和第二扩孔相互连通的第三扩孔,所述第一扩孔经过轴向长度小于所述第一轴向延伸部分的一段距离轴向地延伸,所述第二扩孔从所述管状元件的上述另一端经过一段距离延伸到所述的截头锥体部分;
所述第二扩孔的内径小于所述第三扩孔的内径,所述第三扩孔的内径小于所述第一扩孔的内径;
在第一扩孔和第三扩孔连接的位置处形成的肩部,用于安装弹簧;
单独的附加的通孔,具有垂直于所述截头锥体表面的母线的轴线,并延伸到所述第三扩孔,所述通孔具有处于所述截头锥体部分的截头锥体表面上的圆周,所述截头锥体部分的表面具有位于第二扩孔和第三扩孔之间的连接处的轴向下方的一部分所述圆周;
借此,使燃料从燃料进口经过所述内部通道和所述电枢的第一扩孔流入所述第二扩孔以及所述附加通孔,再流到喷嘴。
本发明的各种特征、优点和状况通过下文伴随附图的说明和权利要求会更加清楚,这些附图揭示了根据目前的最佳设计方案来实施本发明的最佳实施例。
图1是将本发明原理具体化的一个典型燃料喷射器的纵剖面放大图。
图2是表示图1所示电枢/针阀组件中将针阀的一部分拆掉后的电枢横剖面图。
图3是图2中3-3箭头所示方向的局部透视图。
优选实施例的描述
图1所示为一种典型的燃料喷射器,其包括若干零件:燃料进口管12、调节管14、过滤器组件16、线圈组件18、螺旋弹簧20、电枢22、针阀24、非磁性套管26、阀体套管28、阀体30、塑性套管32、线圈组件壳体34、非金属覆盖模制(overmold)罩36、针导向元件38、阀座元件40、薄圆盘孔元件41、支座元件42、小O型环密封43、大O型环密封44。
在许多普通已授予专利权的诸如美国专利第5174505号公报等所揭示的那样,在喷射器10的喷嘴端部设置有由针导向元件38、阀座元件40、薄圆盘孔元件44、支座元件42及小O型环密封43所组成的层叠组件。电枢22和针阀24连接在一起构成电枢/针阀组件。在集中详述涉及本发明特征部分的电枢22之前,下文先总体叙述燃料喷射器10。
线圈组件18包括一其上绕有电磁线圈48的塑性线轴46。线圈48各个终端分别与各个端子50、52相连,以便构成用于将燃料喷射器连接到操作该燃料喷射器的电控制回路(图中未示)上的电连接器54,各端子50、52做成能与包裹层53相配合的结构,包裹层53与罩36做成整体部件。
燃料进口管12是铁磁性的,并包括位于被暴露的顶端的燃料进口56。O型环密封61围绕管12的进口端设置,用于将燃料喷射器的进口和与燃道相配合的杯或座(图中未示)之间进行密封。当燃料喷射器安装在发动机上时,下部O型环44对发动机引入进口系统(图中未示)中的开口提供了流体紧密的密封。过滤器组件16设置在调节管14的开口上端,在燃料进入调节管14之前,对于来自经过进口56进入的燃料中的大于一定尺寸的任何颗粒材料进行过滤。
在已校准的燃料喷射器中,调节管14轴向地位于向着燃料进口管12中的轴向位置,燃料进口管12按照所期望的偏压力压缩弹簧20,该所期望的偏压力推动电枢/针阀组件,使针阀24的被磨圆的尖端座落于阀座元件40上,从而将穿过阀座的中心孔闭合。最好是在调节校准完之后将调节管14和进口管12压接在一起,以保持它们的相对轴向位置。
当燃料进入燃料进口管12和经过调节管14后,会进入由进口管12和电枢22相对端部配合所形成的空间62中,弹簧20安装在该空间62中。电枢22包括有一个将空间62与阀体30中的通道65连通的通道64和带有燃料通道孔38A的导向元件38。这种作用允许燃料从空间62经过通道64、65流到阀座元件40。燃料流动径迹由图1中的一系列箭头表示。
非铁磁性套管26的上端最好通过激光焊接方法可伸缩地安装并连接到进口管12的下端。阀体套管28是铁磁性的,最好也通过激光焊接以流体密封的方式连接到非铁磁性套管26的下端。
阀体30的上端紧密地与阀体套管28的下端内部相配合,并且也最好通过激光焊接将这两个部件流体密封地连接在一起。电枢22由燃料喷射器的内壁结构、特别是借助于设置在阀体30上端的小孔67的内径导向而沿轴向往复运动。针阀24进一步由针阀24穿过其中的元件38上的中心导向孔导向。
在图1所示的闭合位置,在燃料进口管12和电枢22之间具有小工作间隙72。线圈壳体34和管12在74处相接,并构成了一个与线圈组件18结合的定子。非铁磁性套管26保证在线圈48通电时,磁通会通过包含电枢22在内的路径。磁回路从壳体34的下部轴向端开始,经过阀体套管28、阀体30并穿过小孔67向电枢22延伸,再从电枢22经过工作间隙72到进口管12,而后返回到壳体34。当线圈48通电时,克服作用在电枢22上的弹簧力,将电枢22向进口管12方向吸引,使工作间隙72减少。这使针阀24离开阀座40,打开燃料喷射器,结果,燃料从喷射器的喷嘴中喷到发动机引入进口系统。当线圈停止通电时,弹簧20将电枢/针阀紧密地压在阀座元件40上。
线轴46包括一中心通孔84,该中心通孔84的上部直径大于其下部直径,该下部是当线圈组件18组装到进口管12上时,为要插入到通孔84上端的管12(其下部外径小于上部外径)的下端设置的,在制造这一部分的过程中,形成了一个有时称作动力组的组件。管12插入到允许其下端从通孔84的下端突出来的范围,以便能够使管12的下端焊接到套管26上。之后,将线圈组件18向沿管12向下滑动,使其处于图1所示的位置,该位置为最终位置。在这期间,端子50、52是笔直的并平行于管12,还没有做成图1所示的最终形状。线圈组件18由覆盖住在图1所出现的这些零件的安装壳体34保持在该最终位置,并在例如位置74处进行焊接。从图1可以看出,壳体34的上端做成在轴向对着套管26的一个肩部把线圈组件18封在里面的形状。动力组进一步由随后的组装工艺完成:包括有关将端子50、52做成最终形状的步骤和喷射模制覆盖模制罩36的步骤。最终完成的动力组包括燃料进口管12、线圈组件18、非磁性套管26及阀体套管28。阀体30和与之结合的零件构成有时也称为阀组的组件,燃料喷射器最后组装成的组件包括将阀组和动力组组装在一起,并将各种内部零件如弹簧20、电枢22和针阀24安装在动力组和阀组内部而组装成的组件中。
下文主要叙述电枢22和与之结合的燃料喷射器10的相关零件的详细结构。电枢22由一种合适的铁磁性材料制成,并做成带有管状壁的其纵轴线99与电枢/针阀组件的往复运动的轴线同轴的形状。电枢22的外表面可以理解成包括:在组装的燃料喷射器中朝进口管12安装的纵向端部形成的外径较大的圆柱状表面构成的第一轴向延伸部分100和在另一纵向端形成的外径较小的圆柱状表面构成的第二轴向延伸部分102,第一轴向延伸部分100和第二轴向延伸部分102具有一定的轴向长度,与轴线99同轴,并由具有一定轴向长度的中间的截头锥体部分104连接成一体。
电枢22的内部包括阶梯通孔106,阶梯通孔106的轴线与轴线99同轴,并具有大圆内径表面构成的第一扩孔108,第一扩孔108从组装的燃料喷射器中朝着进口管12方向的端部向内延伸到垂直于轴线99的肩部110。阶梯通孔106从肩部110延伸,形成中间圆内径表面构成的第三扩孔112,并延续到截头锥体的肩部114。再从肩部114延伸到电枢的端部,形成小圆内径表面构成的第二扩孔116。
第二扩孔116沿着第二轴向延伸部分102的整个轴向长度形成,并且其轴向长度恰好稍大于第二轴向延伸部分102的轴向长度,电枢具有径向厚度均匀的圆柱状壁部分120。基本位于肩部110和连接处114之间的这部分电枢壁,即截头锥体表面用序号122表示,截头锥体表面122的大部分厚度基本上是不均匀的。电枢这部分壁,即截头锥体表面122包括一个穿过电枢壁的单独圆形的通孔124。用序号126表示的与第一扩孔108轴向共同延伸的电枢壁部分具有均匀的径向厚度,并且其厚度稍大于壁部分120的厚度。
通孔124的轴线128与轴线99横向相交但不垂直,而两个轴线在燃料经过电枢流动的方向上成钝角。轴线128也基本上垂直于截头锥体部分104的母线,并穿过电枢的轴线99。通孔124的直径为使通孔124不与电枢的肩部110和壁部分126相贯,并且该通孔124出口部分在截头锥体部分104上的直径小于小圆内径表面构成的第二扩孔116的入口直径。这样,肩部110和壁部分126在它们的每一圆周上互不干涉,同时也形成了弹簧20的下端座,弹簧20与该座紧密配合,使由第三扩孔112形成的阶梯通孔106部分构成一个由弹簧20的圈所限定的连续的圆柱腔。通孔124的直径基本上等于第三扩孔112的内径,这样,经过电枢的流动即不会收缩也不会分开,仅仅是改变方向。在电枢22和阀体30的通道65之间的环形区域至少与通孔124的区域一样大,以便该环形区域不限制由电枢22流出的流动,所述环形区域适于流出通孔124中的流动。第一轴向延伸部分100与铁磁性阀体30也在轴向上充分重叠,使它们交界面处的燃料喷射器磁回路的磁阻不会显著地增加,在肩部110和电枢轴向上端之间的电枢部分形成由电磁线圈产生的磁通经过电枢的主要路径。
插入到阶梯通孔106的第二扩孔116中的针阀24的一端部,在直径上与阶梯通孔106紧配合,并具有足够的插配长度,这样,在通过例如压接和/或焊接的连接操作过程中,两个元件同轴地对准到所需要的程度,并被连接和保持这种对准。针阀24的该插入端部包括导向部130和数个相互隔开并平行的圆周槽132,圆周槽132有利于装配和连接工艺。针阀24插入到电枢中的长度不会遮断通孔124。
虽然对本发明的最佳实施例进行了描述和图示,但是可以理解,本发明的原理适用于权利要求范围内的所有等同结构。例如在一些燃料喷射器中,可以采用球阀代替针阀作为阀元件。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于向内燃机喷射燃料的电操作燃料喷射器(10)的电枢(22),所述的燃料喷射器包括:燃料进口(56);具有阀座元件(40)的喷嘴,经过该喷嘴将燃料从喷射器喷入发动机中;位于喷射器内部并用于将进入燃料进口的燃料输送到喷嘴的内部通道;有选择地开闭阀座元件(40)的电磁操作阀机构,具有电枢和与电枢连接在一起的阀元件,在上述内部通道中轴向往复运动;电磁线圈(48),根据该电磁线圈有选择地通电来操作阀座元件(40)的开闭;以及将阀元件偏压到关闭阀座元件(40)的位置的弹簧,其特征是,所述的电枢包括:
细长元件,具有位于一端的带有第一外径的第一轴向延伸部分(100)、位于另一端的带有第二外径的第二轴向延伸部分(102)和将所述第一与第二轴向延伸部分连接在一起的第三轴向延伸的截头锥体部分(104);
从上述内部通道延伸并沿着所述细长元件的长度延伸的阶梯通孔(106),所述阶梯通孔(106)具有第一扩孔(108)、第二扩孔(116)及将第一扩孔(108)和第二扩孔(116)相互连通的第三扩孔(112),所述第一扩孔(108)经过轴向长度小于所述第一轴向延伸部分(100)的一段距离轴向地延伸,所述第二扩孔(116)从所述管状元件的上述另一端经过一段距离延伸到所述的截头锥体部分(104);
所述第二扩孔(116)的内径小于所述第三扩孔(112)的内径,所述第三扩孔(112)的内径小于所述第一扩孔(108)的内径;
在第一扩孔(108)和第三扩孔(112)连接的位置处形成的肩部(110),用于安装弹簧;
单独的附加的通孔(124),具有垂直于所述截头锥体表面(122)的母线的轴线,并延伸到所述第三扩孔(112),所述通孔(124)具有处于所述截头锥体部分(104)的截头锥体表面(122)上的圆周,所述截头锥体部分的表面具有位于第二扩孔(116)和第三扩孔(112)之间的连接处(114)的轴向下方的一部分所述圆周;
借此,使燃料从燃料进口经过所述内部通道和所述电枢(22)的第一扩孔(108)流入所述第二扩孔(116)以及所述附加的通孔(124),再流到喷嘴。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电操作燃料喷射器的电枢,其特征是,阀元件位于并固定到所述第二扩孔(116)中,但不遮断所述单独的附加的通孔(124)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电操作燃料喷射器的电枢,其特征是,所述单独的附加的通孔(124)具有一个小于所述截头锥体表面(122)的轴向延伸表面长度的直径。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电操作燃料喷射器的电枢,其特征是,所述单独的附加的通孔(124)不与所述电枢(22)的肩部(110)或第一扩孔(108)相贯。
5.根据权利要求3所述的电操作燃料喷射器的电枢,其特征是,所述单独的附加的通孔(124)具有当燃料经过电枢(22)时不限制燃料流动而仅是改变流动方向的直径。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电操作燃料喷射器的电枢,其特征是,所述细长元件的在所述电枢肩部(110)和其一端之间的第一轴向延伸部分(100),形成由电磁线圈所产生的磁通经过所述电枢的主要路径。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电操作燃料喷射器的电枢,其特征是,弹簧包括螺旋弹簧(20),所述第一扩孔(108)紧密配合地容纳所述弹簧,使第一扩孔(108)和所述弹簧构成由所述弹簧圈限定的燃料通道。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/292,457 | 1994-08-18 | ||
US08/292,457 US5494224A (en) | 1994-08-18 | 1994-08-18 | Flow area armature for fuel injector |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1155320A CN1155320A (zh) | 1997-07-23 |
CN1080377C true CN1080377C (zh) | 2002-03-06 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN95194650A Expired - Fee Related CN1080377C (zh) | 1994-08-18 | 1995-08-09 | 燃料喷射器的改进流动区域的电枢 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5494224A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0776418B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3625831B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100363756B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1080377C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9508619A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69505402T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996006275A1 (zh) |
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CN106460749B (zh) * | 2014-05-16 | 2019-03-12 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 燃料喷射阀 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE69505402D1 (de) | 1998-11-19 |
WO1996006275A1 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
BR9508619A (pt) | 1997-11-25 |
KR100363756B1 (ko) | 2003-02-19 |
KR970705701A (ko) | 1997-10-09 |
US5494224A (en) | 1996-02-27 |
DE69505402T2 (de) | 1999-03-25 |
CN1155320A (zh) | 1997-07-23 |
JP3625831B2 (ja) | 2005-03-02 |
JPH10504624A (ja) | 1998-05-06 |
EP0776418B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 |
EP0776418A1 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
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