CN108037143A - The measuring method and device of a kind of gas refracting index - Google Patents
The measuring method and device of a kind of gas refracting index Download PDFInfo
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- CN108037143A CN108037143A CN201711320790.1A CN201711320790A CN108037143A CN 108037143 A CN108037143 A CN 108037143A CN 201711320790 A CN201711320790 A CN 201711320790A CN 108037143 A CN108037143 A CN 108037143A
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Abstract
The invention discloses the measuring method and device of a kind of gas refracting index, method includes：Under test gas is filled with gasmetry pond；Optical frequency comb is entered into the first photodetector behind the gasmetry pond；The electric signal of first photodetector output is measured by frequency spectrograph and gathers the measurement result of frequency spectrograph；The refractive index of under test gas is calculated, refractive index formula is：Wherein, c is the light velocity, and Δ f is the frequency interval between adjacent two wave crest of electric signal or trough that the frequency spectrograph obtains, and d is length of the light Jing Guo under test gas in gasmetry pond.The present invention realizes the measurement of gas refracting index using optical frequency comb, refractive index information is transformed into microwave signal by phase, the measurement of under test gas refractive index is realized using ripe microwave apparatus, has the characteristics that measurement sensitivity is adjustable, system stabilization with optical measurement means compared with.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of optical measurements, the measuring method and device of especially a kind of gas refracting index.
Background technology
Refractive index is to characterize the fundamental physical quantity of optical characteristic of substance, which is to determine material synthesis, manufacture and each
The essential condition applied in field.
At present the measuring method of gas refracting index have optical interferometry, surface plasmon resonance, optical fiber sensing method and
Critical angle method.Either result is not accurate enough or operating process is complicated for these measuring methods.
The gas refracting index measuring method accurate and easy to operate therefore, it is necessary to a kind of measurement result and device.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of accurate and easy to operate gas refracting index measuring method of measurement result and device.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of measuring method of gas refracting index, including：Under test gas is filled with gasmetry pond；Optical frequency comb is just being entered
Enter the first photodetector after injecting the gasmetry pond；The telecommunications of the first photodetector output is measured by frequency spectrograph
Number and gather the measurement result of frequency spectrograph；The refractive index of under test gas is calculated, refractive index formula is：
Wherein, c is the light velocity, and frequency intervals of the Δ f between adjacent two wave crest of the electric signal or trough, d is gas survey
Measure length of the light Jing Guo under test gas in pond.
In a wherein embodiment, the forming method of the optical frequency comb includes：The narrow linewidth laser that frequency is f exports
Continuous light wave；The light wave is divided into two ways of optical signals by polarization-maintaining fiber coupler；The light of light path 1 is modulated by first phase
Device, the frequency of the modulated signal applied on the first phase modulator is fm, then the first phase modulator output spectrum will go out
Now using modulating frequency as fmA series of sidebands of integral multiple；The light of light path 2 passes through second phase modulator, second phase modulation
The frequency of the modulated signal applied on device is fm+f0, then the second phase modulator output spectrum will appear from modulating frequency fm+
f0For a series of sidebands of integral multiple；The light of second phase modulator output passes through acousto-optic frequency shifters again, is loaded on frequency shifter
The frequency of modulated signal is fAOM, then after frequency shifter, the frequency of 2 light carrier of light path is f+fAOM；Light path 1 and light path 2 are passed through
Beat signal will be produced after single-mode optical-fibre coupler and forms optical frequency comb, and the frequency interval of optical frequency comb is f0。
In a wherein embodiment, the optical frequency comb is divided into two-beam, light beam warp after single-mode optical-fibre coupler
Enter after crossing gasmetry pond in the first photodetector, another light beam is directly entered in the second photodetector and is used as with reference to letter
Number.
The present invention also provides a kind of measuring device of gas refracting index, including optical frequency comb generation module, gasmetry pond,
First photodetector, frequency spectrograph, Signal sampling and processing module, the optical frequency comb that the optical frequency comb generation module produces,
Normal incidence enters the first photodetector into being filled with behind the gasmetry pond of under test gas, and the first photodetector produces telecommunications
Number, frequency spectrograph measures the electric signal of the first photodetector output and the survey of frequency spectrograph is gathered by Signal sampling and processing module
As a result, calculating the refractive index of under test gas, refractive index formula is amount：
Wherein, c is the light velocity, and frequency intervals of the Δ f between adjacent two wave crest of the electric signal or trough, d is gas survey
Measure length of the light Jing Guo under test gas in pond.
In a wherein embodiment, the optical frequency comb generation module include narrow linewidth laser, polarization-maintaining fiber coupler,
First phase modulator, second phase modulator, frequency shifter, single-mode optical-fibre coupler, the narrow linewidth laser that frequency is f export
Continuous light wave；The light wave is divided into two ways of optical signals by polarization-maintaining fiber coupler；The light of light path 1 is modulated by first phase
Device, the frequency of the modulated signal applied on the first phase modulator is fm, then the first phase modulator output spectrum will go out
Now using modulating frequency as fmA series of sidebands of integral multiple；The light of light path 2 passes through second phase modulator, second phase modulation
The frequency of the modulated signal applied on device is fm+f0, then the second phase modulator output spectrum will appear from modulating frequency fm+
f0For a series of sidebands of integral multiple；The light of second phase modulator output passes through acousto-optic frequency shifters again, is loaded on frequency shifter
The frequency of modulated signal is fAOM, then after frequency shifter, the frequency of 2 light carrier of light path is f+fAOM；Light path 1 and light path 2 are passed through
Beat signal will be produced after single-mode optical-fibre coupler and forms optical frequency comb, and the frequency interval of optical frequency comb is f0, the light frequency
Comb can form electric frequency comb signal after photodetector.
In a wherein embodiment, polarization beat length device is also in series with the light path 1, to adjust the polarization of light path 1
The interference contrast that state produces light path 1 and light path 2 is optimal.
In a wherein embodiment, the measuring device further includes the second photodetector, and the optical frequency comb is by single
It is divided into two-beam after mode fiber coupler, light beam enters in the first photodetector behind gasmetry pond, another light beam
It is directly entered in the second photodetector as signal is referred to, its effect is the frequency interval of monitoring frequency comb, is to adjust
The measurement accuracy of system.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention realizes the measurement of gas refracting index using optical frequency comb, by refractive index
Information is transformed into microwave signal by phase, and the measurement of under test gas refractive index is realized using ripe microwave apparatus, with
Optical measurement means are compared to having the characteristics that measurement sensitivity is adjustable, system stabilization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure, 101：Narrow linewidth laser；102：Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler；103：First phase modulator；104：Polarization
State controller；105：Second phase modulator；106：Acousto-optic frequency shifters；107：Single-mode optical-fibre coupler；108：Gasmetry pond；
109：First photodetector；201：Second photodetector；202：RF switch；203：Frequency spectrograph；204：Signal acquisition and
Processing module；205：First microwave signal generator；206：Second microwave signal generator；207：3rd microwave signal occurs
Device.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and example, the present invention will be further described.
The embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of measurement that gas refracting index is realized using optical frequency comb, and this method will reflect
Rate information is transformed into microwave signal by phase, and the measurement of under test gas refractive index is realized using ripe microwave apparatus,
Have the characteristics that measurement sensitivity is adjustable, system is stablized compared with optical measurement means.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the measuring device of gas refracting index includes optical frequency comb generation module, gas is surveyed
Measure pond 108, the first photodetector 109, the second photodetector 201, RF switch 202, frequency spectrograph 203, signal acquisition and
Processing module 204.Optical frequency comb generation module includes narrow linewidth laser, polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, first phase modulator, the
Two phase modulator, frequency shifter, single-mode optical-fibre coupler.
The continuous wave that the narrow linewidth laser 101 that frequency is f exports is divided into two-way light by polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 102 to be believed
Number.The light of light path 1 passes through first phase modulator 103, and the frequency of the modulated signal applied on the phase-modulator is fm, then should
Phase-modulator output spectrum will appear from using modulating frequency as fmA series of sidebands of integral multiple.Likewise, the light of light path 2 passes through
Second phase modulator 105, the frequency of the modulated signal applied on the phase-modulator is fm+f0, then phase-modulator output
Spectrum will appear from modulating frequency fm+f0For a series of sidebands of integral multiple.The light that second phase modulator 105 exports passes through again
Acousto-optic frequency shifters 106, the frequency of the modulated signal loaded on frequency shifter is fAOM, then after frequency shifter, 2 light carrier of light path
Frequency is f+fAOM.Light path 1 and light path 2 will produce beat signal after single-mode optical-fibre coupler 107 and form optical frequency comb,
The frequency interval of optical frequency comb is f0.If the optical frequency comb passes through high-speed photodetector direct detection, seen on frequency spectrograph
What is observed is exactly rf frequency comb.The effect of polarization beat length device 104 in light path 1 is that the polarization state for adjusting light path 1 makes light path 1
The interference contrast produced with light path 2 most preferably improves the effect of two paths of signals beat frequency.First phase modulator in measuring system
103 and 105 modulating signal source is respectively the first microwave signal generator 205 and the second microwave signal generator 206, and acousto-optic moves
The modulating signal source of frequency device is the 3rd microwave signal generator 207.The forming process of radio frequency comb is as shown in Figure 2.
The frequency comb of generation is divided into two-beam after single-mode optical-fibre coupler 107, and light beam passes through gasmetry pond 108
Enter afterwards in the first photodetector 109, another light beam, which is directly entered to be used as in the second photodetector 201, refers to signal.Two
The electric signal of a photodetector output enters frequency spectrograph 203 after RF switch 202 to carry out signal measurement and passes through signal
Collection and processing module 204 carry out signal acquisition and the results show that the module 204 by analyzing the electric signal collected
And calculate the refractive index of under test gas.Gasmetry pond 108 can use common cuvette, in two thang-kngs of cuvette
Surface needs to be coated with reflectance coating, so that the cuvette becomes a Fabry-Perot interferometer.
The measuring principle of the present invention is similar with Fabry-Perot measure spectrum.The optical frequency comb for having many frequency contents passes through
Certain thickness cuvette is crossed, a quasi-monochromatic light is equivalent to or white light passes through an etalon.Optical frequency comb passes through gas
Output intensity after absorption cell is represented by：
I in above formula0For incident intensity, F is Fresnel coefficient, and phase differences of the φ (f) between adjacent two interfering beam can
It is expressed as：
D is length of the light Jing Guo under test gas in gasmetry pond in above formula, and n is the refractive index of under test gas, and c is light
Speed, θ are refraction angle of the light under test gas.If optical frequency comb be normal incidence into gasmetry pond, connect with photodetector
The light of getter bulk measurement pond output is simultaneously converted into electric signal, observes the electric signal with frequency spectrograph 203, can obtain a cosine microwave
Signal, the frequency interval between adjacent two wave crests or trough of the signal are Δ f：
Then the refractive index of under test gas is represented by：
From above formula, according to light velocity constant c, length d and frequency spectrograph of the light Jing Guo under test gas are obtained in gasmetry pond
Signal frequency range Δ f in a cycle arrived, it is possible to obtain the refractive index of under test gas.If gasmetry pond be than
Color ware, the thang-kng length between two inner wall of cuvette is 5mm, when in gasmetry pond being air, then passes through photodetector
Frequency interval between adjacent two wave crest of microwave signal of output is 30GHz.When d is constant, the modulation of phase-modulator is reduced
Frequency can reduce the repetition rate of optical frequency comb, make rf frequency in optical frequency comb interval smaller, so that frequency spectrograph obtains
A cycle in significant figure strong point it is more, the precision of measurement result can be improved.If d is very big, it is necessary to improves phase
The modulating frequency of modulator.Equally, the present invention may also be used for the thickness of the transparent substance of one known refractive index of measurement.
The second photodetector 201 in the present invention is the frequency interval for monitoring optical frequency comb, real-time regulation system
Accuracy of measurement.
The workflow of gas refracting index measuring system proposed by the present invention is simple, and after system electrification, under test gas is filled
Enter into gasmetry pond, the frequency interval Δ f in record frequency spectrograph output signal a cycle, can obtain according to formula (4)
To result to be measured.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. measuring method of gas refracting index, it is characterised in that including：Under test gas is filled with gasmetry pond；By light Frequency comb normal incidence is into entering the first photodetector behind the gasmetry pond；First photodetector is measured by frequency spectrograph The electric signal of output and the measurement result for gathering frequency spectrograph；The refractive index of under test gas is calculated, refractive index formula is：<mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>Wherein, c is the light velocity, and Δ f is the frequency interval between adjacent two wave crest of electric signal or trough that the frequency spectrograph obtains, d Length of the light Jing Guo under test gas in gasmetry pond.
- 2. measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the forming method of the optical frequency comb includes：Frequency Continuous light wave is exported for the narrow linewidth laser of f；The light wave is divided into two ways of optical signals by polarization-maintaining fiber coupler；Light path 1 Light pass through first phase modulator, the frequency of the modulated signal applied on the first phase modulator is fm, then first phase Position modulator output spectrum will appear from using modulating frequency as fmA series of sidebands of integral multiple；The light of light path 2 passes through second phase Modulator, the frequency of the modulated signal applied on the second phase modulator is fm+f0, then the second phase modulator output light Spectrum will appear from modulating frequency fm+f0For a series of sidebands of integral multiple；The light of second phase modulator output is moved by acousto-optic again Frequency device, the frequency of the modulated signal loaded on frequency shifter is fAOM, then after frequency shifter, the frequency of 2 light carrier of light path is f+ fAOM；Light path 1 and light path 2 will produce beat signal after single-mode optical-fibre coupler and form optical frequency comb, the frequency of optical frequency comb Rate is at intervals of f0。
- 3. measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the optical frequency comb is after single-mode optical-fibre coupler It is divided into two-beam, light beam enters in the first photodetector behind gasmetry pond, and another light beam is directly entered the second light It is used as in electric explorer and refers to signal.
- 4. a kind of measuring device of gas refracting index, it is characterised in that including optical frequency comb generation module, gasmetry pond, One photodetector, frequency spectrograph, Signal sampling and processing module, the optical frequency comb that the optical frequency comb generation module produces, just Enter the first photodetector after entering to inject the gasmetry pond for being filled with test gas, the first photodetector produces telecommunications Number, frequency spectrograph measures the electric signal of the first photodetector output and the survey of frequency spectrograph is gathered by Signal sampling and processing module As a result, calculating the refractive index of under test gas, refractive index formula is amount：<mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>Wherein, c is the light velocity, and frequency intervals of the Δ f between adjacent two wave crest of the electric signal or trough, d is gasmetry pond Length of the middle light Jing Guo under test gas.
- 5. measuring device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the optical frequency comb generation module swashs including narrow linewidth Light device, polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, first phase modulator, second phase modulator, frequency shifter, single-mode optical-fibre coupler, frequency Continuous light wave is exported for the narrow linewidth laser of f；The light wave is divided into two ways of optical signals by polarization-maintaining fiber coupler；Light path 1 Light pass through first phase modulator, the frequency of the modulated signal applied on the first phase modulator is fm, then first phase Position modulator output spectrum will appear from using modulating frequency as fmA series of sidebands of integral multiple；The light of light path 2 passes through second phase Modulator, the frequency of the modulated signal applied on the second phase modulator is fm+f0, then the second phase modulator output light Spectrum will appear from modulating frequency fm+f0For a series of sidebands of integral multiple；The light of second phase modulator output is moved by acousto-optic again Frequency device, the frequency of the modulated signal loaded on frequency shifter is fAOM, then after frequency shifter, the frequency of 2 light carrier of light path is f+ fAOM；Light path 1 and light path 2 will produce beat signal after single-mode optical-fibre coupler and form optical frequency comb, the frequency of optical frequency comb Rate is at intervals of f0, which can form electric frequency comb signal after photodetector.
- 6. measuring device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that polarization beat length device is also in series with the light path 1, Make light path 1 and the interference contrast of the generation of light path 2 optimal to adjust the polarization state of light path 1.
- 7. measuring device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the measuring device further includes the second photodetection Device, the optical frequency comb are divided into two-beam after single-mode optical-fibre coupler, and light beam enters first behind gasmetry pond In photodetector, another light beam is directly entered in the second photodetector as signal is referred to, and it is monitoring frequency comb that it, which is acted on, Frequency interval, to the measurement accuracy of regulating system.
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| CN201711320790.1A CN108037143B (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2017-12-12 | Method and device for measuring refractive index of gas |
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| CN109683169A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-26 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of distance measurement method and system |
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