CN108036735A - A kind of broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve and its modeling method - Google Patents
A kind of broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve and its modeling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108036735A CN108036735A CN201711247597.XA CN201711247597A CN108036735A CN 108036735 A CN108036735 A CN 108036735A CN 201711247597 A CN201711247597 A CN 201711247597A CN 108036735 A CN108036735 A CN 108036735A
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve and its modeling method, molten bath contour curve equation is,XOY coordinate systems be by origin O of molten bath forward position midpoint, cladding scanning direction be negative direction of the x-axis establish cartesian coordinate system, y is that ordinate, x of the molten bath contour curve in XOY coordinate systems are abscissa, WmIt is molten bath center width, W0It is melt tank edge width, LmIt is molten bath total length on cladding direction.The curve is summarized by the melting pool shape testing result of broadband laser cladding engineer testing, the modeling method accuracy of the molten bath contour curve is high, using simple, effective weld pool geometry describes melting pool shape information, and theoretical foundation and data reference are provided for broadband laser cladding process monitoring and quality of cladding layer control.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of surface engineering technique, and in particular to a kind of broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve and its build
Mould method.
Background technology
Laser melting coating is to be scanned using high energy laser beam in surface of workpiece, makes cladding layer material and matrix surface thin layer
Melt at the same time, and a kind of material surface engineering technique of metallurgical binding good coat is formed after quickly solidifying.With traditional table
Surface treatment technique is compared, and laser melting coating has many advantages, such as heat affected area is small, cladding layer dilution rate is low and region is controllable.Mesh
Before, broad band laser can effectively reduce cladding layer overlap joint number, improve laser because of the characteristics of its beam energy is high, sphere of action is big
Cladding remediation efficiency, in terms of the large-scale key components and parts in the fields such as aerospace, petrochemical industry, automobile making remanufacture reparation
Have a wide range of applications.
The setting of technological parameter will directly affect the geometrical morphology in molten bath in broadband laser cladding, and the geometry of laser molten pool
Pattern being capable of reactive cladding layer quality, therefore the geometrical morphology for accurately and reliably describing molten bath joins technique to a certain extent
Number is adjusted and quantity of cladding parts control has great importance.At present, the characterization of melting pool shape information mainly using molten bath length,
Width and molten bath zone area, can describe molten bath state to a certain extent, so as to fulfill laser melting coating using these information
Automated control, but molten bath length, width and area can not uniquely determine the geometry in molten bath, therefore there is an urgent need for pass through work
The relation between molten bath key geometric parameter and contour curve is established in skill experiment, is built molten bath contour curve expression formula, is laser
The geometry description of cladding molten bath provides technical support with process monitoring.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve and its modeling method, which is logical
Cross what the melting pool shape testing result that broadband laser melting and coating process is tested was summarized, the modeling method of the molten bath contour curve is accurate
True property is high, and using simple, effective weld pool geometry describes melting pool shape information, is supervised for broadband laser cladding technical process
Control and quality of cladding layer control provide theoretical foundation and data reference.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve, on broadband laser cladding surface and vertical with Laser emission direction
In plane, molten bath contour curve equation is：
Wherein, XOY coordinate systems be by origin O of molten bath forward position midpoint, cladding scanning direction be negative direction of the x-axis establish flute
Karr coordinate system, y are that ordinate, x of the molten bath contour curve in XOY coordinate systems are abscissa, WmIt is molten bath center width, W0
It is melt tank edge width, LmIt is molten bath total length on cladding direction；
Pool width maximum is at 0 contour curve first derivative and maximum is equal to molten bath center width, right
Molten bath contour curve equation calculation first derivative, i, j value and Lm、L0It is related and each other there are relation of equal quantity,
Wherein, L0Be on cladding direction molten bath center to solidification edge distance.
A kind of modeling method for establishing above-mentioned broad band laser molten bath contour curve, comprises the following steps：
S1, according to process conditions select technological parameter carry out broadband laser cladding Central Composite design experiment, using by
CCD/CMOS, the molten bath detecting system of filter system composition gather experiment crater image in real time；
S2, cut experiment crater image and pre-processed, and by image measurement molten bath physical dimension, physical dimension includes
Molten bath center width, melt tank edge width, the distance of molten bath total length and molten bath center to solidification edge on cladding direction；
S3, derive broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve equation, and equation is as follows,
Wherein, XOY coordinate systems be by origin O of molten bath forward position midpoint, cladding scanning direction be negative direction of the x-axis establish flute
Karr coordinate system, y are that ordinate, x of the molten bath contour curve in XOY coordinate systems are abscissa, WmIt is molten bath center width, W0
It is melt tank edge width, LmIt is molten bath total length, L on cladding direction0Be on cladding direction molten bath center to solidification edge away from
From pool width maximum is at 0 contour curve first derivative and maximum is equal to molten bath center width, and molten bath is taken turns
Wide curvilinear equation calculates first derivative, i, j values and Lm、L0It is related and each other there are relation of equal quantity,
S4, verification broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve equation, randomly select one group of technique in process parameters range
Parameter carries out broadband laser cladding experiment, and the weld pool geometry of acquisition is substituted into molten bath contour curve equation, contrast molten bath wheel
The error of wide curve and the actual melt tank edge of image, verifies the accuracy of curvilinear equation.
Further, technological parameter includes laser power P, layer thickness T or powder feeding rate Vp, scan velocity V.
Further, pretreatment includes image gray processing and filtering noise reduction.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The molten bath contour curve is summarized by the melting pool shape testing result of broadband laser cladding engineer testing,
With it is existing the method for molten bath state is described using information such as molten bath length, width and areas compared with, the molten bath contour curve
Modeling method accuracy is high, and using simple, effective weld pool geometry describes melting pool shape information comprehensively；Swashed by broadband
Light cladding Central Composite design experiment, realizes the quantitative description of broadband laser cladding molten bath key geometric parameter, constructs description
The curvilinear equation of molten bath profile, available for the broadband laser cladding process monitoring instructed in actual production, improves cladding layer
The effect of quality control；Curve proposed by the present invention is versatile, especially suitable for broadband laser cladding field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is broadband laser cladding molten bath geometrical model schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the crater image (1280 pixels × 960 pixel) of broadband laser cladding experiment collection.
Fig. 3 is broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve and the comparison diagram of former crater image (500 pixels × 400 pixel).
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve, in broadband laser cladding surface and and Laser emission
In the vertical plane in direction, molten bath contour curve equation is,
Wherein, XOY coordinate systems be by origin O of molten bath forward position midpoint, cladding scanning direction be negative direction of the x-axis establish flute
Karr coordinate system, y are that ordinate, x of the molten bath contour curve in XOY coordinate systems are abscissa, WmIt is molten bath center width, W0
It is melt tank edge width, LmIt is molten bath total length, L on cladding direction0Be on cladding direction molten bath center to solidification edge away from
From；
Pool width maximum is at 0 contour curve first derivative and maximum is equal to molten bath center width, right
Molten bath contour curve equation calculation first derivative, i, j value and Lm、L0It is related and each other there are relation of equal quantity,
Wherein, L0Be on cladding direction molten bath center to solidification edge distance.
A kind of modeling method for establishing above-mentioned broad band laser molten bath contour curve, comprises the following steps：
S1. broadband laser cladding experiment is carried out, this example, as cladding matrix, selects Ni60 alloy powders using 45# steel
As cladding material, powdering mode is coaxial powder-feeding method, selects technological parameter laser power P according to the process equipment of use, send
Powder speed Vp, scan velocity V initial range, the wherein initial range P of laser power is 2.0~3.0kW, powder feeding rate Vp's
Initial range is 0.5~1.0g/s, and the initial range of scan velocity V is 3.0~6.0mm/s.The technique ginseng that the present embodiment is chosen
Number laser power P is 2.8kW, powder feeding rate VpThe broadband laser cladding molten bath figure for being 5.0mm/s for 0.6g/s, scan velocity V
Picture, picture size are the pixel of 1280 pixels × 960.
S2. experiment crater image is cut, picture size is the pixel of 500 pixels × 400, and carries out image gray processing, filtering
The pre-treatment steps such as noise reduction, by image measurement molten bath physical dimension, physical dimension include molten bath center width for 196.707,
Melt tank edge width is 20.011, on cladding direction molten bath total length be 44.162 and molten bath center to solidification edge distance
For 27.877.
S3. broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve equation is derived, equation is as follows,
Wherein, for XOY coordinate systems using molten bath forward position midpoint as origin O, cladding scanning direction is the flute card that negative direction of the x-axis is established
That coordinate system.Y is ordinate of the molten bath contour curve in XOY coordinate systems, and x is abscissa, WmIt is molten bath center width, W0It is
Melt tank edge width, LmIt is molten bath total length, L on cladding direction0Be on cladding direction molten bath center to solidification edge distance.
Pool width maximum is at 0 contour curve first derivative and maximum is equal to molten bath center width, to molten bath profile
Curvilinear equation calculates first derivative, i, j values and Lm、L0It is related and each other there are relation of equal quantity,
S4. verify broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve equation, the weld pool geometry of acquisition is substituted into molten bath profile
The error of curvilinear equation, contrast molten bath contour curve and the actual melt tank edge of image, verifies the accuracy of curvilinear equation.Experiment knot
Fruit is as shown in Figure 3, the results showed that molten bath the coincideing property of contour curve proposed is preferable.
The molten bath contour curve is summarized by the melting pool shape testing result of broadband laser cladding engineer testing,
With it is existing the method for molten bath state is described using information such as molten bath length, width and areas compared with, the molten bath contour curve
Modeling method accuracy is high, and using simple, effective weld pool geometry describes melting pool shape information comprehensively；Swashed by broadband
Light cladding Central Composite design experiment, realizes the quantitative description of broadband laser cladding molten bath key geometric parameter, constructs description
The curvilinear equation of molten bath profile, available for the broadband laser cladding process monitoring instructed in actual production, improves cladding layer
The effect of quality control.Curve proposed by the present invention is versatile, especially suitable for broadband laser cladding field.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can according to the above description be improved or converted,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve, it is characterised in that：In broadband laser cladding surface and and Laser emission In the vertical plane in direction, molten bath contour curve equation is：<mfenced open = '{' close = ''> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mo>&PlusMinus;</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>i</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>j</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&le;</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo><</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo><</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo><</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo><</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced>Wherein, XOY coordinate systems be by origin O of molten bath forward position midpoint, cladding scanning direction be negative direction of the x-axis establish Descartes Coordinate system, y are that ordinate, x of the molten bath contour curve in XOY coordinate systems are abscissa, WmIt is molten bath center width, W0It is molten Pond border width, LmIt is molten bath total length on cladding direction；Pool width maximum is at 0 contour curve first derivative and maximum is equal to molten bath center width, to molten bath Contour curve equation calculation first derivative, i, j value and Lm、L0It is related and each other there are relation of equal quantity,<mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>iL</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>i</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>j</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>j</mi> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced>Wherein, L0Be on cladding direction molten bath center to solidification edge distance.
- A kind of 2. modeling method for establishing broad band laser molten bath contour curve, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps,S1, select technological parameter progress broadband laser cladding Central Composite design experiment according to process conditions, using by CCD/ CMOS, the molten bath detecting system of filter system composition gather experiment crater image in real time；S2, cut experiment crater image and pre-processed, and by image measurement molten bath physical dimension, physical dimension includes molten bath Center width, melt tank edge width, the distance of molten bath total length and molten bath center to solidification edge on cladding direction；S3, derive broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve equation, and equation is as follows,<mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mo>&PlusMinus;</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>i</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>j</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&le;</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo><</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo><</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo><</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo><</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced>Wherein, XOY coordinate systems be by origin 0 of molten bath forward position midpoint, cladding scanning direction be negative direction of the x-axis establish Descartes Coordinate system, y are that ordinate, x of the molten bath contour curve in XOY coordinate systems are abscissa, WmIt is molten bath center width, W0It is molten Pond border width, LmIt is molten bath total length on cladding direction, pool width maximum is at 0 contour curve first derivative And maximum is equal to molten bath center width, to molten bath contour curve equation calculation first derivative, i, j values and Lm、L0Related and phase There are relation of equal quantity between mutually,<mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>iL</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>i</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>j</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>j</mi> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced>Wherein, L0Be on cladding direction molten bath center to solidification edge distance；S4, verification broadband laser cladding molten bath contour curve equation, randomly select one group of technological parameter in process parameters range Broadband laser cladding experiment is carried out, the weld pool geometry of acquisition is substituted into molten bath contour curve equation, contrast molten bath profile is bent The error of line and the actual melt tank edge of image, verifies the accuracy of curvilinear equation.
- 3. the modeling method as claimed in claim 2 for establishing broad band laser molten bath contour curve, it is characterised in that：Technological parameter Including laser power P, layer thickness T or powder feeding rate Vp, scan velocity V.
- 4. the modeling method as claimed in claim 2 for establishing broad band laser molten bath contour curve, it is characterised in that：Pretreatment bag Include image gray processing and filtering noise reduction.
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| CN110765629A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-07 | 中冶赛迪重庆信息技术有限公司 | Method, system and equipment for calculating reflow zone |
| CN110765629B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2023-07-18 | 中冶赛迪信息技术(重庆)有限公司 | Method, system and equipment for calculating soft melting belt |
| CN111168067A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-05-19 | 南京理工大学 | Pore prediction and control method based on laser directional energy deposition |
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