CN108036532A - 一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108036532A
CN108036532A CN201711151329.8A CN201711151329A CN108036532A CN 108036532 A CN108036532 A CN 108036532A CN 201711151329 A CN201711151329 A CN 201711151329A CN 108036532 A CN108036532 A CN 108036532A
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邢作新
钱启伟
刘长城
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SHANDONG LONGGUANG TIANXU SOLAR ENERGY CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:一、钛酸四丁酯和溶剂A按照比例溶于乙醇,记为A溶液;二、将有机酸和水按照比例混合,记为B溶液,并将溶液B缓慢滴入A溶液中,得到前驱体溶胶C;三、向溶胶C中加入引发剂;四、将螯合剂溶于乙醇中,记为溶液D,将溶液D缓慢滴入溶胶C中,得到混合液E;五、然后将壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶于乙醇中,记为溶液F,将溶液F缓慢滴入混合液E中,得到混合液F;六、向混合液F中加入TiO2‑BaCl2‑H2O纳米流体和稳定剂;本发明作为一种能够旋涂在太阳能集热管上的光谱选择性吸收涂层,具有良好的太阳光谱吸收率和红外辐射率,并且具有较强的耐低温能力,能够在‑35℃的温度下保持完整。

Description

一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能集热管技术领域,具体是一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能热水器是将太阳光能转化为热能的加热装置,将水从低温加热到高温,以满足人们在生活、生产中的热水使用。太阳能热水器按结构形式分为真空管式太阳能热水器和平板式太阳能热水器,主要以真空管式太阳能热水器为主,占据国内95%的市场份额。真空管式家用太阳能热水器是由集热管、储水箱及支架等相关零配件组成,把太阳能转换成热能主要依靠真空集热管,真空集热管利用热水上浮冷水下沉的原理,使水产生微循环而得到所需热水。
我国幅员广大,有着十分丰富的太阳能资源,除了局部地区(如四川、贵州等地)不适合太阳能利用外,我国大部分地区都适合利用太阳能。据估算,每年中国陆地接收的太阳能辐射总量相当于24000亿吨标准煤,年均辐射量约为5900兆焦耳/平方米。我国太阳能资源分布的主要特点有:太阳能的高值中心和低值中心都处在北纬22~35°这一带,青藏高原是高值中心,四川盆地是低值中心。青藏高原平均海拔高度在4000m以上,大气层稀薄而清洁,透明度好,纬度低,日照时间长。例如被人们称为“日光城”的拉萨市,1961年至1970年的平均值,年平均日照时间为3005.7h,相对日照为68%,太阳总辐射为8160MJ/m2·a,比全国其它省区和同纬度的地区都高。四川盆地雨多、雾多,晴天较少。例如素有“雾都”之称的成都市,年平均日照时数仅为1152.2h,相对日照为26%。太阳年辐射总量,西部地区高于东部地区,而且除西藏和新疆两个自治区外,基本上是南部低于北部;由于南方多数地区云雾雨多,在北纬30°~40°地区,太阳能的分布情况与一般的太阳能随纬度而变化的规律相反,太阳能不是随着纬度的增加而减少,而是随着纬度的增加而增长。“八五”期间,我国有关的研究将我国的太阳能资源划分为五类地区。一、二、三类地区,年日照时数大于2000h,辐射总5000MJ/m2·a,我国幅员广大,有着十分丰富的太阳能资源,除了局部地区(如四川、贵州等地)不适合太阳能利用外,我国大部分地区都适合利用太阳能。
太阳能热水器的集热管是其集热的主要部件,在一些部分时段气温较低的地区容易出现太阳能集热管光谱选择性吸收涂层破裂的现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐低温的太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、钛酸四丁酯和溶剂A按照比例溶于乙醇,记为A溶液;
二、将有机酸和水按照比例混合,记为B溶液,并将溶液B缓慢滴入A溶液中,得到二氧化钛的前驱体溶胶C;
三、向溶胶C中加入引发剂;
四、将螯合剂溶于乙醇中,记为溶液D,将溶液D缓慢滴入溶胶C中,得到混合液E;
五、然后将壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶于乙醇中,记为溶液F,将溶液F缓慢滴入混合液E中,得到混合液F;
六、向混合液F中加入TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体和稳定剂,置于冰水混合物中搅拌30min直到混合均匀即得到溶胶,之后即可进行旋转涂膜。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤一中的溶剂A为过氧化苯甲酰。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤二中的有机酸为水杨酸;
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤三中的引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰;
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤四中的螯合剂为乙酰丙酮;
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤六中的稳定剂为二乙醇胺。
所述TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体作为低温相变蓄冷材料,实验证明,在相同的时间内,TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体的蓄冷量也比BaCl2-H2O共晶盐水溶液多得多,蓄冷量高出BaCl2-H2O共晶盐水溶液 45%。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明作为一种能够旋涂在太阳能集热管上的光谱选择性吸收涂层,具有良好的太阳光谱吸收率和红外辐射率,特别是通过加入TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体作为低温相变蓄冷材料,提高了耐低温能力,能够在-35℃的温度下保持完整。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例一
一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、钛酸四丁酯和溶剂A按照1:2的比例溶于乙醇,记为A溶液;
二、将有机酸和水按照1:1的比例混合,记为B溶液,并将溶液B缓慢滴入A溶液中,得到二氧化钛的前驱体溶胶C;
三、向溶胶C中加入0.5g的引发剂;
四、将螯合剂溶于乙醇中,记为溶液D,将溶液D缓慢滴入溶胶C中,得到混合液E;
五、然后将壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶于一定体积的乙醇中,记为溶液F,将溶液F缓慢滴入混合液E中,得到混合液F;
六、向混合液F中加入0.3g的TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体和0.5g的稳定剂,置于冰水混合物中搅拌30min直到混合均匀即得到溶胶,之后即可进行旋转涂膜。
优选的,步骤一中的溶剂A为过氧化苯甲酰。
优选的,步骤二中的有机酸为水杨酸。
优选的,步骤三中的引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰。
优选的,步骤四中的螯合剂为乙酰丙酮。
优选的,步骤六中的稳定剂为二乙醇胺。
实施例二
一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、钛酸四丁酯和溶剂A按照1:2的比例溶于乙醇,记为A溶液;
二、将有机酸和水按照1:1的比例混合,记为B溶液,并将溶液B缓慢滴入A溶液中,得到二氧化钛的前驱体溶胶C;
三、向溶胶C中加入0.4g的引发剂;
四、将螯合剂溶于乙醇中,记为溶液D,将溶液D缓慢滴入溶胶C中,得到混合液E;
五、然后将壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶于一定体积的乙醇中,记为溶液F,将溶液F缓慢滴入混合液E中,得到混合液F;
六、向混合液F中加入0.5g的TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体和0.4g的稳定剂,置于冰水混合物中搅拌30min直到混合均匀即得到溶胶,之后即可进行旋转涂膜。
实施例三
一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、钛酸四丁酯和溶剂A按照1:2的比例溶于乙醇,记为A溶液;
二、将有机酸和水按照1:1的比例混合,记为B溶液,并将溶液B缓慢滴入A溶液中,得到二氧化钛的前驱体溶胶C;
三、向溶胶C中加入0.6g的引发剂;
四、将螯合剂溶于乙醇中,记为溶液D,将溶液D缓慢滴入溶胶C中,得到混合液E;
五、然后将壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶于一定体积的乙醇中,记为溶液F,将溶液F缓慢滴入混合液E中,得到混合液F;
六、向混合液F中加入0.4g的TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体和0.5g的稳定剂,置于冰水混合物中搅拌30min直到混合均匀即得到溶胶,之后即可进行旋转涂膜。
实施例四
一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、钛酸四丁酯和溶剂A按照1:2的比例溶于乙醇,记为A溶液;
二、将有机酸和水按照1:1的比例混合,记为B溶液,并将溶液B缓慢滴入A溶液中,得到二氧化钛的前驱体溶胶C;
三、向溶胶C中加入0.6g的引发剂;
四、将螯合剂溶于乙醇中,记为溶液D,将溶液D缓慢滴入溶胶C中,得到混合液E;
五、然后将壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶于一定体积的乙醇中,记为溶液F,将溶液F缓慢滴入混合液E中,得到混合液F;
六、向混合液F中加入0.2g的TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体和0.6g的稳定剂,置于冰水混合物中搅拌30min直到混合均匀即得到溶胶,之后即可进行旋转涂膜。
实施例五
一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、钛酸四丁酯和溶剂A按照1:2的比例溶于乙醇,记为A溶液;
二、将有机酸和水按照1:1的比例混合,记为B溶液,并将溶液B缓慢滴入A溶液中,得到二氧化钛的前驱体溶胶C;
三、向溶胶C中加入0.7g的引发剂;
四、将螯合剂溶于乙醇中,记为溶液D,将溶液D缓慢滴入溶胶C中,得到混合液E;
五、然后将壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶于一定体积的乙醇中,记为溶液F,将溶液F缓慢滴入混合液E中,得到混合液F;
六、向混合液F中加入0.6g的TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体和0.4g的稳定剂,置于冰水混合物中搅拌30min直到混合均匀即得到溶胶,之后即可进行旋转涂膜。
实施例六
一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、钛酸四丁酯和溶剂A按照1:3的比例溶于乙醇,记为A溶液;
二、将有机酸和水按照1:2的比例混合,记为B溶液,并将溶液B缓慢滴入A溶液中,得到二氧化钛的前驱体溶胶C;
三、向溶胶C中加入0.5g的引发剂;
四、将螯合剂溶于乙醇中,记为溶液D,将溶液D缓慢滴入溶胶C中,得到混合液E;
五、然后将壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶于一定体积的乙醇中,记为溶液F,将溶液F缓慢滴入混合液E中,得到混合液F;
六、向混合液F中加入0.7g的TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体和0.5g的稳定剂,置于冰水混合物中搅拌30min直到混合均匀即得到溶胶,之后即可进行旋转涂膜。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明,但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。

Claims (6)

1.一种太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
一、钛酸四丁酯和溶剂A按照比例溶于乙醇,记为A溶液;
二、将有机酸和水按照比例混合,记为B溶液,并将溶液B缓慢滴入A溶液中,得到二氧化钛的前驱体溶胶C;
三、向溶胶C中加入引发剂;
四、将螯合剂溶于乙醇中,记为溶液D,将溶液D缓慢滴入溶胶C中,得到混合液E;
五、然后将壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶于乙醇中,记为溶液F,将溶液F缓慢滴入混合液E中,得到混合液F;
六、向混合液F中加入TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体和稳定剂,置于冰水混合物中搅拌30min直到混合均匀即得到溶胶,之后即可进行旋转涂膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤一中的溶剂A为过氧化苯甲酰。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中的有机酸为水杨酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三中的引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰。
5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂层的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤四中的螯合剂为乙酰丙酮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热管耐低温光谱选择性吸收涂的的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤六中的稳定剂为二乙醇胺。
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