CN108034840A - A kind of thick bismuth automation rectification systems and its operating method - Google Patents

A kind of thick bismuth automation rectification systems and its operating method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108034840A
CN108034840A CN201711242960.9A CN201711242960A CN108034840A CN 108034840 A CN108034840 A CN 108034840A CN 201711242960 A CN201711242960 A CN 201711242960A CN 108034840 A CN108034840 A CN 108034840A
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China
Prior art keywords
furnace body
air
bismuth
automation
dumper
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CN201711242960.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
蒋小元
王进中
曹遗春
张巧凡
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Anhui Hengwei Bismuth Industry Co Ltd
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Anhui Hengwei Bismuth Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201711242960.9A priority Critical patent/CN108034840A/en
Publication of CN108034840A publication Critical patent/CN108034840A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B30/00Obtaining antimony, arsenic or bismuth
    • C22B30/06Obtaining bismuth
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/05Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • C22B9/103Methods of introduction of solid or liquid refining or fluxing agents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of thick bismuth automation rectification systems, including furnace body, the bottom of furnace body is provided with air brick, multiple air accumulators are equipped with outside furnace body, air brick is connected to the outlet of air accumulator by gas-guide tube, and bottom of furnace body is equipped with heating part, multiple storage tanks are equipped with outside furnace body, connected between furnace body and storage tank by track, be equipped with moveable dumper in track, further include controller.The invention also discloses a kind of operating method of thick bismuth automation rectification systems.The present invention realizes charging in thick bismuth refining procedure, stirs, drags for the automation processes such as slag, sampling and thermometric, improves production efficiency, alleviates the work burden of staff.The design of dumper, realizes the auto feed of refining process, additionally by the design of the air brick of bottom of furnace body, realizes the air blowing stirring of refining process, instead of traditional mechanical agitator.

Description

A kind of thick bismuth automation rectification systems and its operating method
Technical field
The present invention relates to thick bismuth refining equipment technical field, specifically a kind of thick bismuth automation rectification systems, in addition The invention further relates to a kind of operating method of thick bismuth automation rectification systems.
Background technology
Bismuth can low-melting alloy processed, in safety shutoff or type metal;Bismuthyl carbonate and novismuth are used as medicine Thing;Bismuth oxide is used in glass, china and pottery industry;Bismuth compound is as bleaching agent and pearling agent addition in cosmetics.Thick bismuth General method of refining, is known as compared with strict requirements the impure member of thick bismuth, therefore has higher want for the purifier of thick bismuth Ask.
During traditional thick bismuth refining, stretched into refining furnace and be stirred using mechanical agitation instrument, thrown using artificial The mode entered adds materials, and the mode of production is backward, extensive, bad environments, is unfavorable for the health of worker, and is unfavorable for producing The accurate control of link, the purity of product bismuth are limited.
The content of the invention
According to above the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of thick bismuth automation rectification systems and its operation side Method, is directed to solving the technical problem in aforementioned background art.
The present invention is solved its technical problem and is realized using following technical scheme:
A kind of thick bismuth automation rectification systems, including furnace body, the bottom of furnace body are provided with air brick, are equipped with outside furnace body more A air accumulator, air brick are connected to the outlet of air accumulator by gas-guide tube, and gas-guide tube is equipped with air pump, and bottom of furnace body is equipped with heating Portion, furnace body outside are equipped with multiple storage tanks, are connected between furnace body and storage tank by track, and moveable haul is equipped with track Car, dumper can be fixed on the first position for accepting material and the second place for toppling over material, further include controller, Dumper, storage tank, air accumulator, air pump and heating part are electrically connected with controller respectively.
Further as the present invention is improved, and the quantity of the air accumulator is three, stores inert gas, compression respectively Air and chlorine.
Further as the present invention is improved, and the heating part is wound flat helical ring using gas pipeline Shape, the side of gas pipeline towards bottom of furnace body are evenly distributed with multiple through holes.
Further as the present invention is improved, and the dumper includes bottom plate, and the bottom of bottom plate is provided with electric roller, Bottom plate is equipped with hopper, and one end and the bottom plate of hopper are hinged, and is equipped with hydraulic cylinder between hopper and bottom plate, and the two of hydraulic stem End is respectively hinged on the other end and bottom plate of hopper, and hopper can be fixed on the third place for accepting material and topple over 4th position of material.
Further as the present invention is improved, and is further included and is useful for thermometric and the mechanical arm one sampled and for dragging for slag Mechanical arm two, mechanical arm one and mechanical arm two are respectively positioned on the outside of furnace body, and the top of mechanical arm one is provided with temperature probe or takes Sample device, the top of mechanical arm two are provided with strainer.
A kind of operating method of thick bismuth automation rectification systems, includes the following steps:
Step 1:The thick bismuth for needing to refine is put into furnace body, heating part is started to work, and is heated up and is melted thick bismuth, periodically The temperature in furnace body is measured, compressed air is blasted into furnace body by air brick, after thick bismuth is completely melt, drags for fusing slag;
Step 2:Inert gas is passed through into furnace body by air brick, the Cosan of predetermined amount is added furnace body by dumper It is interior, after stirring preset time, the throughput of air brick is turned down or closed, after liquid level is steady, bits are pulled out;
Step 3:After liquid bismuth is warming up to preset temperature in furnace body, compressed air is blasted into furnace body by air brick, It is in SO to make residual sulphur oxidation2Gaseous state escapes;
Step 4:Inert gas is passed through to furnace body by air brick, dumper adds the zinc ingot metal of predetermined amount in furnace body, protects Temperature treats that zinc ingot metal is completely melt, then the throughput of air brick is turned down or closed, and silver-colored slag is pulled out.
Step 5:Chlorine is passed through into furnace body by air brick, after preset time, the throughput of air brick is turned down, by liquid The chlorination cadmia of state is scooped out, and then tunes up the throughput of air brick, is carried out removing Lead exposed, when closing on except lead terminal, is turned down ventilative The throughput of brick, pulls scum silica frost out, continues certain time of ventilating, it is ensured that the reaction was complete;
Step 6:Compressed air is passed through into furnace body, after adding the caustic soda of bismuth liquid weight 1-2%, after preset time, then is added Enter a small amount of piece alkali fusion and be covered in bismuth liquid level, then drag for slag, that is, the bismuth liquid refined.
Further as the present invention is improved, and the charging process of the dumper is:
(1) storage tank equipped with Cosan is opened, and the Cosan of predetermined amount enters in the hopper of dumper;
(2) dumper is moved to the second place from first position;
(3) hopper is turned to the 4th position from the third place, and Cosan is added into furnace body.
Further as the present invention is improved, it is described drag for removing dross process be:
The top of mechanical arm two is provided with strainer, and mechanical arm two is stretched into furnace body, and the scum silica frost in furnace body is pulled out.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The present invention realizes charging in thick bismuth refining procedure, stirs, drags for the automation processes such as slag, sampling and thermometric, carries High production efficiency, alleviates the work burden of staff.The design of dumper, realizes the auto feed of refining process, Additionally by the design of the air brick of bottom of furnace body, the air blowing stirring of refining process is realized, instead of traditional mechanical agitation Device.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial schematic diagram of the air brick of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the detail drawing of the heating part of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the main detail drawing of the dumper of the present invention.
In figure, 1- furnace bodies, 2- air accumulators, 3- gas-guide tubes, 4- air pumps, 5- heating parts, 5a- through holes, 6- storage tanks, 7- hauls Car, 7a- bottom plates, 7b- electric rollers, 7c- hydraulic cylinders, 7d- hoppers, 8- tracks, 9- mechanical arms one, 10- mechanical arms two, 11- Air brick.
Embodiment
Below by the description to embodiment, the shape of for example involved each component of embodiment of the invention, structure Make, the mutual alignment between each several part and connection relation, the effect of each several part and operation principle, manufacturing process and the side of operating with Method etc., is described in further detail, completeer to help those skilled in the art to have inventive concept of the invention, technical solution Whole, accurate and deep understanding.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, a kind of thick bismuth automation rectification systems, including furnace body 1, the bottom of furnace body 1 are provided with ventilative Brick 11, the outside of furnace body 1 are equipped with multiple air accumulators 2, and air brick 11 is connected to the outlet of air accumulator 2,1 bottom of furnace body by gas-guide tube 3 Portion is equipped with heating part 5.
The quantity of air accumulator 2 is preferably three, and respectively marked as No.1 tank, No. two tanks and No. three tanks, No.1 tank is used to store up The inert gases such as nitrogen or argon gas are deposited, No. two tanks are used for storing compressed air, and No. three tanks are used to store chlorine.Air accumulator 2 goes out Valve is equipped with mouthful, gas-guide tube 3 is equipped with air pump 4.
Heating part 5 is wound flat spiral ring, side of the gas pipeline towards 1 bottom of furnace body using gas pipeline Multiple through hole 5a are evenly distributed with, the fuel gas such as coal gas or natural gas are passed through in gas pipeline, fuel gas is from through hole 5a Burning is overflowed, so as to be heated to furnace body 1.
The outside of furnace body 1 is equipped with multiple storage tanks 6, and storage tank 6 is used to store the various solid-states needed in thick bismuth refining procedure Material, such as sulphur powder, zinc ingot metal or caustic soda etc., the bottom of storage tank 6 are equipped with solenoid valve.
Connected between furnace body 1 and storage tank 6 by track 8, one end of track 8 passes through the lower section of storage tank 6, track 8 The other end is located at the top of furnace body 1.
The thick bismuth automation rectification systems further include dumper 7, and dumper 7 is moveably mounted in track 8, dumper 7 can be fixed on first position and the second place, and first position is located at the lower section of storage tank 6 and is used to accept the material in storage tank 6, the Two positions are located at the top of furnace body 1 and are used for discharging, and dumper 7 is equipped with turnover hopper 7d, and hopper 7d can be fixed on use In the third place for accepting material and topple over the 4th position of material.
Dumper 7 includes bottom plate 7a, and the bottom of bottom plate 7a is provided with electric roller 7b, and bottom plate 7a is equipped with hopper 7d, One end of hopper 7d is hinged with bottom plate 7a, and hydraulic cylinder 7c, the both ends difference of hydraulic stem are equipped between hopper 7d and bottom plate 7a It is hinged on the other end and bottom plate 7a of hopper 7d.When hydraulic cylinder 7c is shunk, hopper 7d is located at the third place, Neng Goucheng Material is connect and transports, when hydraulic cylinder 7c is opened, hopper 7d is located at the 4th position, can fall the material in hopper 7d Go out.
The outside of furnace body 1 is equipped with mechanical arm 1 and mechanical arm 2 10, and the top of mechanical arm 1 is provided with sampler or survey Temperature probe, can realize automatic sampling and automatic temperature measurement, the top of mechanical arm 2 10 is provided with strainer, can be by furnace body 1 Scum silica frost is pulled out.
Thick bismuth automation rectification systems further include controller (not shown), dumper 7, storage tank 6, air accumulator 2, Air pump 4, mechanical arm one 9 and two and heating part 5 are electrically connected with controller respectively.
The operation principle of the invention is:
1st, sulphur copper removal is added
The thick bismuth for needing to refine is put into furnace body 1, heating part 5 is started to work, and is heated up and is melted thick bismuth, uses mechanical arm Temperature in one 9 periodic measurement furnace bodies 1, temperature about rise to 550-650 DEG C, and booster air pump 4, opens No. two tanks, pass through air brick 11 blast air into furnace body 1, and gas floats in furnace body 1, plays the stirring action to the solution in furnace body 1, make in furnace body 1 Temperature it is uniform, shorten the thawing time of thick bismuth, after thick bismuth is completely melt, mechanical arm 2 10 is stretched into furnace body 1, uses strainer Drag for fusing slag;
After dragging for slag, No. two tanks are closed, No.1 tank is opened, is passed through inert gas into furnace body 1, the storage tank equipped with Cosan 6 open, and the Cosan of predetermined amount enters in the hopper 7d of dumper 7, and dumper 7 is moved to the second place from first position, Then hopper 7d is turned to the 4th position from the third place, and Cosan is added into furnace body 1, and Cosan is added in furnace body 1 The most active place of liquid level, while control the temperature of liquid bismuth in furnace body 1 to prevent the excessive scaling loss of sulphur, at the same time at 250-350 DEG C In order to react fully, it can suitably increase the throughput of air brick 11.
Main reaction equation is:
2Bi+3S=Bi2S3
Bi2S3+ 6Cu=2Bi+3Cu2S(S)
Add sulphur and be progressively warming up to 500-550 DEG C, increase 4 power of air pump, will after air volume stirs 20~30min The throughput of air brick 11 is turned down or closed, after liquid level is steady, by Cu2S solid powders or bits are pulled out;
Contain remaining sulphur in thick bismuth liquation due to dragging in the bismuth liquid after slag, bismuth liquid is warming up to 500-600 DEG C, closing No.1 tank, No. two tanks are opened, and oxygen or air are passed through into furnace body 1 by air brick 11, and it is in SO to make residual sulphur oxidation2Gaseous state escapes Go out, the gas that air brick 11 is blasted into furnace body 1 at this time not only plays stirring action, but also is reactive material, can be by furnace body 1 Residual sulphur all remove.
Main reaction equation is:
S+O2=SO2(g)
2nd, zincification desilver
No. two tanks are closed, and No.1 tank is opened, and has been passed through argon gas or nitrogen of stirring action etc. to furnace body 1 by air brick 11 Inert gas, the storage tank 6 equipped with zinc ingot metal are opened, and the zinc ingot metal of predetermined amount enters in the hopper 7d of dumper 7, dumper 7 from First position is moved to the second place, and then hopper 7d is turned to the 4th position from the third place, and zinc is added into furnace body 1 Ingot, in 500 DEG C or so insulations, insulation treats that zinc ingot metal is completely melt, compound between zinc and a series of silver-colored Ag-Zn that can generate infusibilities, Then the throughput of air brick 11 is turned down or closed, then pulled out silver-colored slag using mechanical arm 2 10.
Key reaction formula:
Ag+ α Zn=AgZnα
3rd, chlorine is led to except zinc, lead
11 temperature of furnace body is down to 300-400 DEG C, closes No.1 tank, No. three tanks are opened, by air brick 11 into furnace body 1 Chlorine is passed through, chlorine first can tune up the throughput of air brick 11 respectively at zinc, lead reaction generation zinc chloride and lead chloride, Make fully react in furnace body 1, after preset time, turn the throughput of air brick 11 down, the chlorination cadmia of liquid is scooped out, so The throughput of air brick 11 is tuned up afterwards, carries out removing Lead exposed, and during being somebody's turn to do, temperature can be gradually risen to more than 500 DEG C.
After preset time, mechanical arm 1 gos deep into furnace body 1, and sampler extraction sample, operating personnel, which estimate, to be judged: Surface blackening as samples, does not emit button, the fine and close vertical stripes shape crystallization of sample section perforation, metal luster, then this When close on the throughput for except lead terminal, then turning air brick 11 down, pull scum silica frost out using mechanical arm 2 10, continue ventilation one timing Between, it is ensured that the reaction was complete.
Key reaction formula:
Zn+Cl2=ZnCl2
Pb+Cl2=PbCl2
2BiCl3+ 3Zn=3ZnCl2+2Bi
2BiCl3+ 3Pb=3PbCl2+2Bi
4th, refinement oxide
By temperature control at 650-750 DEG C, No. three tanks are closed, open No. two tanks, compressed air progress is passed through into furnace body 1 Stirring, after adding the caustic soda of bismuth liquid weight 1-2%, stirring after a certain period of time, then drags for slag, takes bismuth sample analysis lead, silver, chlorine, extremely Pb≤0.001%, Ag≤0.004%, Cl≤0.0015% are qualification.Add a small amount of piece alkali fusion and be covered in bismuth liquid level, drop After warm to 330-450 DEG C, drag for slag, take the batch products sample to carry out complete analysis in pot, sample composition is after analysis is qualified, to obtain the final product To the bismuth liquid of refining.
The present invention realizes charging in thick bismuth refining procedure, stirs, drags for the automation processes such as slag, sampling and thermometric, carries High production efficiency, alleviates the work burden of staff.And the design of dumper 7, realize the automatic of refining process and add Material, additionally by the design of the air brick 11 of 1 bottom of furnace body, realizes the air blowing stirring of refining process, instead of traditional machine Tool blender.
The present invention is exemplarily described above, it is clear that present invention specific implementation is not subject to the restrictions described above, As long as employing the improvement of the various unsubstantialities of inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention progress, or not improved this is sent out Bright design and technical solution directly applies to other occasions, within protection scope of the present invention.The protection of the present invention Scope should be determined by the scope of protection defined in the claims.

Claims (8)

  1. A kind of 1. thick bismuth automation rectification systems, it is characterised in that:Including furnace body, the bottom of furnace body is provided with air brick, furnace body Outside is equipped with multiple air accumulators, and air brick is connected to the outlet of air accumulator by gas-guide tube, and gas-guide tube is equipped with air pump, furnace body bottom Portion is equipped with heating part, is equipped with multiple storage tanks outside furnace body, is connected between furnace body and storage tank by track, and being equipped with track can Mobile dumper, dumper can be fixed on the first position for accepting material and the second place for toppling over material, also Including controller, dumper, storage tank, air accumulator, air pump and heating part are electrically connected with controller respectively.
  2. 2. thick bismuth automation rectification systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The quantity of the air accumulator is three It is a, inert gas, compressed air and chlorine are stored respectively.
  3. 3. thick bismuth automation rectification systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The heating part uses gas pipeline Flat spiral ring is wound, the side of gas pipeline towards bottom of furnace body is evenly distributed with multiple through holes.
  4. 4. thick bismuth automation rectification systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The dumper includes bottom plate, bottom The bottom of plate is provided with electric roller, and bottom plate is equipped with hopper, and one end and the bottom plate of hopper are hinged, hopper and bottom plate it Between be equipped with hydraulic cylinder, the both ends of hydraulic stem are respectively hinged on the other end and bottom plate of hopper, and hopper, which can be fixed on, to be used for Accept the third place of material and topple over the 4th position of material.
  5. 5. thick bismuth automation rectification systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Further include and be useful for thermometric and sampling Mechanical arm one and mechanical arm two for dragging for slag, mechanical arm one and mechanical arm two be respectively positioned on the outside of furnace body, mechanical arm one Top is provided with temperature probe or sampler, and the top of mechanical arm two is provided with strainer.
  6. 6. the operating method of the thick bismuth automation rectification systems according to claim 1-5 any one, it is characterised in that bag Include following steps:
    Step 1:The thick bismuth for needing to refine is put into furnace body, heating part is started to work, and is heated up and is melted thick bismuth, periodic measurement Temperature in furnace body, compressed air is blasted into furnace body by air brick, after thick bismuth is completely melt, drags for fusing slag;
    Step 2:Inert gas is passed through into furnace body by air brick, the Cosan of predetermined amount is added in furnace body, stirred by dumper After mixing preset time, the throughput of air brick is turned down or closed, after liquid level is steady, bits are pulled out;
    Step 3:After liquid bismuth is warming up to preset temperature in furnace body, compressed air is blasted into furnace body by air brick, is made residual Sulphur oxidation is in SO2Gaseous state escapes;
    Step 4:Inert gas is passed through to furnace body by air brick, dumper adds the zinc ingot metal of predetermined amount in furnace body, and insulation is treated Zinc ingot metal is completely melt, then the throughput of air brick is turned down or closed, and silver-colored slag is pulled out.
    Step 5:Chlorine is passed through into furnace body by air brick, after preset time, the throughput of air brick is turned down, by liquid Chlorination cadmia is scooped out, and then tunes up the throughput of air brick, is carried out removing Lead exposed, when closing on except lead terminal, is turned air brick down Throughput, pulls scum silica frost out, continues certain time of ventilating, it is ensured that the reaction was complete;
    Step 6:Compressed air is passed through into furnace body, after adding the caustic soda of bismuth liquid weight 1-2%, after preset time, is added few Amount piece alkali fusion is covered in bismuth liquid level, then drags for slag, that is, the bismuth liquid refined.
  7. 7. the operating method of thick bismuth automation rectification systems according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:The dumper Charging process is:
    (1) storage tank equipped with Cosan is opened, and the Cosan of predetermined amount enters in the hopper of dumper;
    (2) dumper is moved to the second place from first position;
    (3) hopper is turned to the 4th position from the third place, and Cosan is added into furnace body.
  8. 8. the operating method of the thick bismuth automation rectification systems according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that:It is described to drag for The process of scum silica frost is:
    The top of mechanical arm two is provided with strainer, and mechanical arm two is stretched into furnace body, and the scum silica frost in furnace body is pulled out.
CN201711242960.9A 2017-11-30 2017-11-30 A kind of thick bismuth automation rectification systems and its operating method Pending CN108034840A (en)

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CN113701499A (en) * 2021-09-14 2021-11-26 山东建筑大学 Movable mechanical arm system for detecting temperature of smelting furnace and working method

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Application publication date: 20180515