CN108031438A - 一种磁性吸附剂在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用 - Google Patents

一种磁性吸附剂在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用 Download PDF

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CN108031438A
CN108031438A CN201711308217.9A CN201711308217A CN108031438A CN 108031438 A CN108031438 A CN 108031438A CN 201711308217 A CN201711308217 A CN 201711308217A CN 108031438 A CN108031438 A CN 108031438A
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黄卫剑
万文军
潘凤萍
陈华忠
欧阳春明
刘晓伟
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China Southern Power Grid Power Technology Co Ltd
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Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute
Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种磁性吸附剂在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用。该应用包括以下步骤:步骤1:将磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST‑1在烟道中与燃烧烟气进行混合;步骤2:分离出步骤1中吸附了痕量元素的磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST‑1中的痕量元素。通过向燃烧源烟气中添加磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST‑1,能有效减少燃烧过程中痕量元素的排放,且能够实现该吸附剂粉末的循环使用和痕量元素的回收。

Description

一种磁性吸附剂在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及燃烧烟气净化处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种磁性吸附剂在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用。
背景技术
煤等化石燃料中含有As、Se、Pb、Cr等有毒痕量元素。在电站锅炉等的燃煤过程中,痕量元素以气态形式释放如烟气中,并最终排放到环境空气中,对环境和人类健康构成严重威胁。As、Se等痕量元素在烟气中浓度较低,在烟气温度条件下仍以气态存在并排放,难以在常规除尘器或脱硫、脱硝等污染物净化装置中脱除。
美国犹他大学Wendt等(2000)研究指出高岭土可以捕获燃烧过程中形成的碱金属及痕量元素蒸气,减少有毒痕量元素的排放。美国亚利桑那大学Uberoi和Shadman等(1991)研究分析了石英、铝土矿、高岭石、酸性白土和石灰对痕量元素Cd的高温捕集作用,其研究结果指出铝土矿在上述实验材料中表现出最高的Cd捕集速率和捕集容量。美国拉玛尔大学Ho和Hopper等(1993)探究了利用炉内添加硝酸铝、硝酸钙、醋酸镁等矿物试剂对流化床锅炉燃烧中痕量元素Pb和Cd的捕集效果,结果显示,上述矿物试剂均有一定的痕量元素脱除效果。然而,现有各种痕量元素吸附剂多为无机矿物材料,由于比表面积有限、不能重复利用、利用率低等缺点,难以满足实际应用需求。同时,痕量元素Pb、Cd等作为一种矿物资源,实现其回收利用具有重要的工业和经济价值,而现有矿物添加剂均无法实现烟气中低浓度痕量元素的回收与资源化利用。
金属有机框架材料是一类由有机配体与金属中心经过自组装形成的具有可调节孔径的材料。与传统无机多孔材料相比,金属有机框架材料具有更大的比表面积、更高的孔隙率、更有序分散的金属活性位点和三维孔道结构等特性,因而已经被广泛应用于气体吸附与分离、传感器、药物缓释、催化反应等领域中。但将金属有机框架材料结合磁性微米Fe3O4应用在燃烧烟气领域中用来分离痕量元素的方法还未有报道。
因此,采用一种高效、环保的痕量元素吸附剂来实现燃烧烟气中有毒痕量元素的排放控制以及实现痕量元素的回收利用是目前亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种磁性吸附剂在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用,通过向燃烧源烟气中添加磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1,能有效减少燃烧过程中痕量元素的排放,且能够实现该吸附剂粉末的循环使用和痕量元素的回收。其具体技术方案如下:
本发明提供一种磁性吸附剂Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用。
优选地,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1在烟道中与燃烧烟气进行混合;
步骤2:分离出步骤1含有痕量元素的磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1中的痕量元素。
优选地,步骤1中所述将磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1在烟道中与燃烧烟气进行混合后还包括:将所述烟道中的磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1随烟气进磁分离器进行循环吸附。
优选地,所述循环吸附具体为当所述磁性吸附剂Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1吸附值小于其初始吸附值的30%时,停止循环。
优选地,步骤1所述烟道中的烟气温度为150~400℃。
优选地,步骤1所述吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1的粒径小于30μm。
优选地,所述痕量元素包括As、Se、Pb、Cr或Cd一种或两种以上。
优选地,步骤1所述磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1与所述燃烧的燃料的质量比为1:10000~1:10。
更优选的,步骤2所述磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1与所述燃烧的燃料的质量比为1:1000~1:100。
优选地,步骤1所述吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1的BET比表面积不低于800m2/g;
所述吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1的Langmuir比表面积不低于1000m2/g。
优选地,步骤1所述磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1的制备方法为:利用煅烧的方法制备粒径为5-50μm煅烧磁性Fe3O4微米球,将所述磁性Fe3O4微米球通过偶联剂制取Fe3O4@SiO2,将所述Fe3O4@SiO2分散于可溶性铜盐的水溶液中反应,制取Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2,将所述Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2与H3BTC溶液混合获得所述磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1;
所述Fe3O4@SiO2与所述可溶性铜盐的质量比为1:1.5~1.5:1;
所述Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2与H3BTC溶液中的H3BTC质量比为2-5:3。
更优选地,所述Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2与H3BTC溶液中的H3BTC质量比为3.5:3。
优选地,所述可溶性铜盐选自氯化铜、硝酸铜、硫酸铜或羧酸铜。
优选地,所述煅烧的温度为150~250℃。
优选地,所述煅烧的时间为1.5~2h。
优选地,所述煅烧的容器为马弗炉。
优选地,所述偶联剂为四乙氧基硅烷。
优选地,所述Fe3O4@SiO2的制取方法为原位转化法。
优选地,所述pH值为8-10。
优选地,所述H3BTC溶液的溶剂选自甲醇或乙醇。
优选地,所述烘干的温度为100~120℃。
从以上技术方案可以看出,本发明实施例具有以下优点:本发明提供了一种磁性吸附剂Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1在燃烧烟气中痕量元素再回收中的应用,磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1具有利于吸附反应的孔隙结构和良好的吸附能力。通过向燃烧源烟气中添加该吸附剂粉末,能有效减少各类燃烧源烟气中的痕量元素,并且,通过磁选分离可实现吸附剂的循环使用,通过脱附装置能实现痕量元素的回收。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种磁性吸附剂在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用的工作流程示意图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的添加磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1后烟气中痕量元素减排效果图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的添加磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1后烟气中NO、SO2和HCl减排效果图;
其中,附图标记如下:
1为磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1在烟道中与燃烧烟气进行混合的步骤;2为将烟道中的磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1随烟气进磁分离器进行循环吸附的步骤;3为分离出吸附了痕量元素的磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1中的痕量元素的步骤;步骤1包括1和2的步骤。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例公开了一种磁性吸附剂在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用,本领域人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明内。本发明对产品和应用已通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明提供的一种磁性吸附剂在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用中采用的原料均为市售或自制。
以下就本发明提供的一种磁性吸附剂在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用做进一步说明。
实施例一
(1)取粒径为5μm的500mg磁性Fe3O4微球于烧杯中,用去离子水冲洗3次,干燥后放在马弗炉中200℃煅烧2h,制取煅烧磁性Fe3O4微米球;
(2)将上述煅烧300mg磁性Fe3O4微米球为核,以50mg四乙氧基硅烷为偶联剂,通过原位转化的方式合成核-壳结构的Fe3O4@SiO2
(3)将上述300mg Fe3O4@SiO2分散于500mL氯化铜盐(200mg)的水溶液中,调节pH值为8,经搅拌(转速200转/分)2h、105℃加热0.5h、去离子水洗涤、105℃干燥制得Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2
(4)将步骤(3)所述300mg Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2分散于水中,450mg H3BTC的200ml75%乙醇溶液混合,经搅拌2h(转速200转/分)、去离子水洗涤、105℃干燥制备获得Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1;
(5)将上述300mg Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1样品在100℃下烘干,然后磨碎筛分至30μm以下,获得吸附剂粉末;
(6)将吸附剂粉末加入燃烧源中温烟道中并与烟气(120℃)混合,其中100mg吸附剂粉末与燃料的质量比为1:10000,则吸附剂粉末与燃烧源痕量元素吸附或反应,从而减少燃烧源痕量元素的排放;
(7)吸附或反应后的吸附剂粉末随烟气经过磁选机分离、捕集、循环使用;
(8)多次循环至吸附剂吸附能力降低至初始吸附值30%后的、富集了痕量元素的吸附剂经过磁选机分离、捕集后,经脱附处理回收各痕量元素资源;
(9)利用吸收瓶吸收烟气中痕量元素,进一步通过ICP-MS测试其含量,用以表征气态痕量元素排放程度;
(10)利用烟气分析仪检测添加吸附剂前后烟气中NO、SO2和HCl浓度,计算吸附或反应后的吸附剂的减排效率。
上述实验结果表明,上述磁性吸附剂具有发达的介孔和微孔结构,具备良好的吸附能力和反应能力(见表1样品1),如图2所示,在上述实验条件下,As、Se、Pb和Cr的质量浓度分别降低26%、33%、21%和11%,说明该吸附剂粉末能与燃烧产生的痕量元素(As、Se、Pb、Cr等)蒸汽反应,显著减少痕量元素的排放浓度和排放量,减少痕量元素的排放。
表1吸附剂的孔隙结构和比表面积表征
实施例二
(1)取粒径为25μm的500mg磁性Fe3O4微球于烧杯中,用去离子水冲洗3次,干燥后放在马弗炉中200℃煅烧2h,制取煅烧磁性Fe3O4微米球;
(2)将上述300mg煅烧磁性Fe3O4微米球为核,以50mg四乙氧基硅烷为偶联剂,通过原位转化的方式合成核-壳结构的Fe3O4@SiO2
(3)将上述300mg Fe3O4@SiO2分散于500mL氯化铜盐(200mg)的水溶液中,调节pH值为9,经搅拌(转速200转/分)2h、105℃加热0.5h、去离子水洗涤、105℃干燥制得Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2
(4)将步骤(3)所述300mg Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2分散于水中,257mg H3BTC的200ml75%乙醇溶液混合,经搅拌(200转/分)2h、去离子水洗涤、105℃干燥制备获得Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1;
(5)将上述300mg Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1样品在110℃下烘干,然后磨碎筛分至30μm以下,获得吸附剂粉末;
(6)将吸附剂粉末加入燃烧源中温烟道中并与烟气(150℃)混合,其中100mg吸附剂粉末与燃料的质量比为1:100,则吸附剂粉末与燃烧源痕量元素吸附或反应,从而减少燃烧源痕量元素的排放;
(7)吸附或反应后的吸附剂粉末随烟气经过磁选机分离、捕集、循环使用;
(8)多次循环至吸附剂吸附能力降低至初始吸附值30%后的、富集了痕量元素的吸附剂经过磁选机分离、捕集后,经脱附处理回收各痕量元素资源;
(9)利用吸收瓶吸收烟气中痕量元素,进一步通过ICP-MS测试其含量,用以表征气态痕量元素排放程度;
(10)利用烟气分析仪检测添加吸附剂前后烟气中NO、SO2和HCl浓度,计算吸附或反应后的吸附剂的减排效率。
上述实验结果表明,上述磁性吸附剂具有发达的介孔和微孔结构,具备良好的吸附能力和反应能力(见表1样品2)。如图2所示,在上述实验条件下,As、Se、Pb和Cr的质量浓度分别降低56%、53%、61%和31%。说明该吸附剂粉末能与燃烧产生的痕量元素(As、Se、Pb、Cr等)蒸汽反应,显著减少痕量元素的排放浓度和排放量,减少痕量元素的排放。
实施例三
(1)取粒径为50μm的500mg磁性Fe3O4微球于烧杯中,用去离子水冲洗3次,干燥后放在马弗炉中200℃煅烧2h,制取煅烧磁性Fe3O4微米球;
(2)将上述300mg煅烧磁性Fe3O4微米球为核,以四乙氧基硅烷为偶联剂,通过原位转化的方式合成核-壳结构的Fe3O4@SiO2
(3)将上述300mg Fe3O4@SiO2分散于500mL氯化铜盐(200mg)的水溶液中,质量比为1.5:1,调节pH值为10,经搅拌(200转/分)2h、105℃加热0.5h、去离子水洗涤、105℃干燥制得Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2
(4)将步骤(3)所述300mg Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2分散于水中,300mg H3BTC的200ml75%乙醇溶液混合,经搅拌(200转/分)2h、去离子水洗涤、105℃干燥制备获得Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1;
(5)将上述300mg Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1样品在120℃下烘干,然后磨碎筛分至30μm以下,获得吸附剂粉末;
(6)将吸附剂粉末加入燃烧源中温烟道中并与烟气(350℃)混合,其中100mg吸附剂粉末与燃料的质量比为1:10,则吸附剂粉末与燃烧源痕量元素吸附或反应,从而减少燃烧源痕量元素的排放;
(7)吸附或反应后的吸附剂粉末随烟气经过磁选机分离、捕集、循环使用;
(8)多次循环至吸附剂吸附能力降低至初始吸附值30%后的、富集了痕量元素的吸附剂经过磁选机分离、捕集后,经脱附处理回收各痕量元素资源;
(9)利用吸收瓶吸收烟气中痕量元素,进一步通过ICP-MS测试其含量,用以表征气态痕量元素排放程度;
(10)利用烟气分析仪检测添加吸附剂前后烟气中NO、SO2和HCl浓度,计算吸附或反应后的吸附剂的减排效率。
如图2所示,在上述实验条件下,As、Se、Pb和Cr的质量浓度分别降低36%、43%、51%和21%,说明该吸附剂粉末能与燃烧产生的痕量元素(As、Se、Pb、Cr等)蒸汽反应,显著减少痕量元素的排放浓度和排放量,减少痕量元素的排放。
如图3所示,实施例1~3中的吸附剂可显著减少NO、SO2和HCl的排放浓度和排放量,其中NO、SO2和HCl的质量浓度分别降低21~33%、25~37%、和15~35%。这主要是由于,上述方法制备的吸附剂具有发达的介孔和微孔结构,能与燃烧产生的NO、SO2和HCl反应,减少气态污染物的排放。
以上所述,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种磁性吸附剂Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1在燃烧烟气分离痕量元素中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1在烟道中与燃烧烟气进行混合;
步骤2:分离出步骤1中吸附了痕量元素的磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1中的痕量元素。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤1中所述将磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1在烟道中与燃烧烟气进行混合后还包括:将所述烟道中的磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1随烟气进磁分离器进行循环吸附。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述循环吸附具体为当所述磁性吸附剂Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1吸附值小于其初始吸附值的30%时,停止循环。
5.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤1所述烟道中的烟气温度为150~400℃。
6.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤1所述吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1的粒径小于30μm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述痕量元素包括As、Se、Pb、Cr或Cd一种或两种以上。
8.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤1所述磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1与所述燃烧的燃料的质量比为1:10000~1:10。
9.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤1所述吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1的BET比表面积不低于800m2/g;
所述吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1的Langmuir比表面积不低于1000m2/g。
10.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤1所述磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1的制备方法为:利用煅烧的方法制备粒径为5-50μm煅烧磁性Fe3O4微米球,将所述磁性Fe3O4微米球通过偶联剂制取Fe3O4@SiO2,将所述Fe3O4@SiO2分散于可溶性铜盐的水溶液中反应,制取Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2,将所述Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2与H3BTC溶液混合获得所述磁性吸附剂粉末Fe3O4@SiO2@HKUST-1;
所述Fe3O4@SiO2与所述可溶性铜盐的质量比为1:1.5~1.5:1;
所述Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu(OH)2与H3BTC溶液中的H3BTC质量比为2-5:3。
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