CN108026393B - 聚合物乳液和包含该乳液的抗微生物涂料组合物 - Google Patents
聚合物乳液和包含该乳液的抗微生物涂料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108026393B CN108026393B CN201580082912.0A CN201580082912A CN108026393B CN 108026393 B CN108026393 B CN 108026393B CN 201580082912 A CN201580082912 A CN 201580082912A CN 108026393 B CN108026393 B CN 108026393B
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- silver
- dry weight
- antimicrobial coating
- heterocyclic group
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- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 halogen acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
本发明提供一种抗微生物涂料组合物，所述组合物包含(i)聚合物乳液和(ii)以基于涂料组合物总干重的干重计20ppm至6000ppm的银，并且所述聚合物乳液包含作为聚合单元的(a)烯键式不饱和非离子单体，和(b)以基于所述聚合物乳液总干重的干重计0.01％至20％的含杂环基单体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚合物乳液和由其制成的抗微生物涂料组合物，其在暴露于热时具有改善的颜色稳定性。
背景技术
银离子或银元素用于涂料配制物以提供抗微生物性能。涂料中银含量越高，抗微生物性能越好。然而，当银含量在涂料中处于高于20ppm的浓度时，涂料在暴露于热或日光下可变黄甚至变黑。期望提供具有更好的耐变色性的含银抗微生物涂料组合物。
发明内容
本发明提供抗微生物涂料组合物，所述组合物包含(i)聚合物乳液和(ii)以基于涂料组合物总干重的干重计20ppm-6000ppm的银，其中聚合物乳液包含作为聚合单元的(a)烯键式不饱和非离子单体，和(b)以基于聚合物乳液总干重的干重计0.01％到20％的含杂环基单体。
具体实施方式
本发明提供抗微生物涂料组合物，其包含(i)聚合物乳液和(ii)以涂料组合物的总干重计，干重为20ppm至6000ppm，优选100ppm至3000ppm，更优选200ppm至1500ppm的银。
聚合物乳液
聚合物乳液包含作为聚合单元的(a)烯键式不饱和非离子单体；和(b)以基于聚合物乳液总干重的干重计0.01％到20％、优选0.05％到10％、更优选0.1％到5％的含杂环基单体。
含杂环基单体中的杂环基与银的摩尔比大于4、优选大于7、更优选大于9。
如本文所用，术语“非离子单体”是指在pH＝1-14之间不具有离子电荷的单体。烯键式不饱和非离子单体的合适实例包括：(甲基)丙烯酸的烷基酯，如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异癸酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯及其任意组合；(甲基)丙烯腈；(甲基)丙烯酰胺；氨基官能和脲基官能单体，如羟乙基乙烯脲甲基丙烯酸酯；具有乙酰乙酸酯官能团的单体，如乙酰乙酸基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(AAEM)；具有含羰基基团的单体，如双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)；具有苯环的烯属不饱和单体，如苯乙烯和取代的苯乙烯；丁二烯；α-烯烃，如乙烯、丙烯和1-癸烯；乙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、叔碳酸乙烯酯和其它乙烯基酯；乙烯基单体，如氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯；(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯；及其任何组合。
在一个优选的实施例中，烯键式不饱和非离子单体选自苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸的C2-C12烷基酯、其衍生物及其任何组合。
含杂环基单体是以下的可聚合衍生物：咪唑、噻吩、吡咯、恶唑、噻唑、四唑、吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、唑、吲唑、三唑、它们的异构体及其任何组合。含杂环基单体的合适实例包括1-乙烯基咪唑、N-乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基苯并三唑、乙烯基甲基苯并三唑、乙烯基苯并噻唑、乙烯基甲基苯并噻唑、乙烯基苯并咪唑和乙烯基甲基苯并咪唑。优选地，含杂环基单体选自1-乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基苯并三唑和乙烯基苯并咪唑。
任选地，以基于聚合物乳液总干重的干重计，聚合物乳液还包含作为聚合单元的(c)0.01％到5％、优选地0.1％到4％并且更优选地0.3％到3％的稳定剂单体。
稳定剂单体的合适实例包括苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)、乙烯基磺酸钠(SVS)、2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、衣康酸(IA)及其任何组合。
聚合物乳液的聚合可为本领域已知的任何方法，包括乳液聚合、微乳液聚合和机械分散技术。
银
在本发明中，银以银元素即Ag0或以氧化态银离子即Ag1+的形式结合到涂料组合物中，并且以银溶液的形式提供。银溶液的合适实例包括在去离子(“DI”)水中的硝酸银、乙酸银、柠檬酸银、碘化银、乳酸银、苦味酸银、硫酸银及其任何组合。银溶液的优选实例是硝酸银和碘化银。除去离子水外，也可使用其它液体介质，如水、含水缓冲溶液和有机溶液如聚醚或醇。以基于如本发明中涂料组合物总干重的干重计，在这些溶液中银的浓度可从将已知量(即20ppm到6000ppm、优选100ppm到3000ppm并且更优选200ppm到1500ppm)银添加到抗微生物涂料组合物所需的浓度到饱和银溶液所需的浓度之间变化。可商购的银溶液包括来自陶氏化学公司(The Dow Chemical Company)的SILVADURTM 900、SILVADUR 930、SILVADUR961和SILVADUR ET，以及来自巴斯夫公司(BASF Company)的IRGAGUARDTM B 5000、IRGAGUARD B 5120，IRGAGUARD B 6000、IRGAGUARD D 1071和IRGAGUARD H 6000。
抗微生物涂料组合物
涂料组合物还可包含颜料或增量剂。
如本文所用，术语“颜料”是指能够实质上有助于涂料的不透明性或遮盖性的颗粒状无机材料。颜料通常具有等于或大于1.8的折射率，并且包括氧化锌、硫化锌、硫酸钡和碳酸钡。为了清楚起见，本发明的二氧化钛颗粒不包括在本发明的“颜料”中。
术语“增量剂”是指折射率小于或等于1.8并且大于1.3的颗粒状无机材料，并且包括碳酸钙、氧化铝(Al2O3)、粘土、硫酸钙、铝硅酸盐、硅酸盐、沸石、云母、硅藻土、实心或空心玻璃以及瓷珠。
如下计算涂料组合物的PVC(颜料体积浓度)：
PVC(％)＝[一种或多种颜料的体积+一种或多种增量剂的体积]/涂料的总干燥体积。
在一个优选的实施例中，涂料组合物的PVC为10％到75％，并且优选20％到70％。
任选地，以基于涂料组合物总干重的干重计，本发明的涂料组合物还包含0.004％到10％、优选地0.05％到2％并且更优选地0.1％到2％的氧化剂。
氧化剂的合适实例包括过氧化物，如过氧化氢、过氧化苯甲酰、叔丁基过氧化氢、二叔丁基过氧化氢、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯和过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯；卤酸如氯酸、溴酸和碘酸；次卤酸如次氯酸、次溴酸和次碘酸；亚卤酸如亚氯酸；全卤酸如高氯酸、高溴酸和高碘酸；和它们的锂盐、钠盐和钙盐，如高氯酸锂、氯酸钾、亚氯酸钠、溴酸钾、碘酸钠、次氯酸钠、氯酸钙和碘酸钙；及其任何组合。
涂料组合物的制备
涂料组合物的制备涉及以下过程：以正确比例选择和混合适当的涂料成分，以提供具有特定加工和处理性质的涂料，以及具有期望性质的最终干涂料膜。
涂料组合物的施涂
涂料组合物可通过常规施涂方法施涂，如刷涂、辊涂和喷涂法如空气雾化喷涂、空气辅助喷涂、无空气喷涂、高容量低压喷涂和空气辅助无空气喷涂。
用于涂料施涂的合适基材包括混凝土、水泥板、中等密度纤维板(MDF)以及颗粒板、石膏板、木材、石材、金属、塑料、壁纸以及纺织品等。优选地，所有基材由水性底漆和溶剂性底漆预先漆过。
实例
I.原材料
| 化学品 | 供应商 |
| RHODAFAC<sup>TM</sup> RS-610/A25表面活性剂 | 索尔维化学公司(Solvay Chemical Company) |
| DISPONIL<sup>TM</sup>FES 32表面活性剂 | 巴斯夫公司 |
II.测试方法
1.热稳定性测试
将100mL的每种涂料组合物加入到200mL热稳定塑料容器中，并且置于50℃烘箱中至少10天。通过观察和比较加热前后涂料组合物的外观来评价热稳定性。根据以下规则，将每种涂料组合物的外观变化评分为4级至1级：
| 外观变化 | 等级分数 |
| 没有可见变化 | 4 |
| 轻微变色 | 3 |
| 明显变色 | 2 |
| 重度变色 | 1 |
III.实例
1.聚合物乳液3(粘合剂3)的制备
通过将336.04g去离子水、7.50g AM、30.48g MAA、693.89g BA、767.00g MMA、7.58g VI和93.76g RHODAFACTM RS-610/A25表面活性剂混合来制备单体混合物。然后，将818g去离子水在130rpm的搅拌速度下加入装有回流冷凝器和搅拌器的1加仑容器中。将反应温度升至83℃，并且将7.26g DISPONILTM FES 32表面活性剂引入到反应容器中。此后，将27.78g去离子水中的3.02g Na2CO3，82.40g单体混合物和在24.08g去离子水中的3.01g APS引发剂溶液注入反应容器中。反应混合物在76-86℃的温度下保持5分钟。此后，将剩余的单体混合物和1.37g APS在148.17g去离子水中的溶液在85℃下在120分钟的时间内加入到反应容器中。然后，将反应容器的内容物冷却至室温，并且当温度降至70℃时将在40.75g去离子水中的0.84g IAA的还原剂溶液和在38.89g去离子水中的0.91g t-BHP和0.40g H2O2的引发剂溶液注入反应容器。然后当温度降至55℃时，将5.56g去离子水中的2.69g H2O2溶液加入到反应容器中。制备的粘合剂3具有47.5％的固体、125nm的粒度和6.01的pH。
2.聚合物乳液1-2和4-5(粘合剂1-2和4-5)的制备
根据如上所述用于制备聚合物乳液1的相同程序，以如表1中所述不同VI单体浓度来制备聚合物乳液1-2和4-5。
表1
| VI％* | |
| 粘合剂1 | 1.96％ |
| 粘合剂2 | 0.98％ |
| 粘合剂3 | 0.49％ |
| 粘合剂4 | 0.10％ |
| 粘合剂5 | - |
*以基于聚合物乳液总干重的干重计
3.涂料组合物1的制备
通过将2.40g硝酸银在45.65g去离子水中的溶液加入到1000g粘合剂1中来制备涂料组合物1。以基于涂料组合物总干重的干重计，银浓度为3229ppm。含杂环基单体中的杂环基与银的摩尔比为7。
4.涂料组合物2、4-6和8(涂料)和比较涂料组合物3、7和9(比较涂料)的制备
根据制备涂料组合物1的类似程序，以如表2中所述不同粘合剂和银剂量来制备涂料组合物2、4-6和8以及比较涂料组合物3、7和9。
表2
| 粘合剂 | VI* | EDTA* | 银(ppm) | VI/EDTA：银(以摩尔计) | |
| 涂料1 | 粘合剂1 | 1.96％ | - | 3229 | 7 |
| 涂料2 | 粘合剂2 | 0.98％ | - | 2821 | 4 |
| 比较涂料3 | 粘合剂3 | 0.49％ | - | 2796 | 2 |
| 涂料4 | 粘合剂2 | 0.98％ | - | 1612 | 7 |
| 涂料5 | 粘合剂3 | 0.49％ | - | 1398 | 4 |
| 涂料6 | 粘合剂3 | 0.49％ | - | 621 | 9 |
| 比较涂料7 | 粘合剂4 | 0.1％ | - | 577 | 2 |
| 涂料8 | 粘合剂4 | 0.1％ | - | 200 | 5.8 |
| 比较涂料9 | 粘合剂5 | - | - | 200 | 1 |
| 比较涂料10 | 粘合剂5 | - | 0.35％ | 200 | 5 |
| 比较涂料11 | 粘合剂5 | - | 0.70％ | 200 | 10 |
*以基于聚合物乳液总干重的干重计
IV.结果
表3
| 热稳定性等级评分 | |
| 涂料1 | 4 |
| 涂料2 | 4 |
| 比较涂料3 | 2 |
| 涂料4 | 4 |
| 涂料5 | 3 |
| 涂料6 | 4 |
| 比较涂料7 | 2 |
| 涂料8 | 4 |
| 比较涂料9 | 1 |
| 比较涂料10 | 1 |
| 比较涂料11 | 1 |
如表3所示，涂料组合物8和比较涂料组合物9均包含以基于涂料组合物总干重的干重计200ppm的银。以基于聚合物乳液总干重的干重计，涂料组合物8还包含0.1％的含杂环基单体，即VI；并且涂料组合物8的在含杂环基单体中的杂环基与银的摩尔比为5.8。涂料组合物8的热稳定性比比较涂料组合物9的热稳定性好得多。这表明含杂环基单体在涂料热稳定性中发挥显著作用。
涂料组合物1至2、4至6和8包含不同的和所需的银和VI剂量，并且示出与涂料热稳定性相似的益处。
当以基于涂料组合物总干重的干重计银剂量为2796ppm时，比较涂料组合物3包含不足的VI单体(含杂环基单体中的杂环基与银的摩尔比为2，其小于所需的4)，并且热稳定性较差。这表明含杂环基单体中的杂环基与银的摩尔比在涂料热稳定性上起的重要作用。
EDTA是可结合金属离子(如本发明中的银)的分子。但是EDTA不是可聚合的。以基于涂料组合物总干重的干重计，比较涂料组合物10和11分别包含0.35％和0.70％EDTA，并且EDTA与银的摩尔比分别为5和10。涂料组合物10和11都示出差的涂料热稳定性。这表明虽然EDTA可与金属离子结合，但不能为涂料热稳定性带来益处。
Claims (13)
1.一种抗微生物涂料组合物，包含(i)聚合物乳液和(ii)以基于所述涂料组合物总干重的干重计20ppm至6000ppm的银，其中所述聚合物乳液包含作为聚合单元的(a)烯键式不饱和非离子单体，和(b)以基于所述聚合物乳液总干重的干重计0.01％至20％的含杂环基单体，其中所述含杂环基单体中的所述杂环基与所述银的摩尔比至少为4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述含杂环基单体中的所述杂环基与所述银的摩尔比大于4。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述烯键式不饱和非离子单体选自苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸的C2-C12烷基酯、其衍生物及其任何组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述含杂环基单体是咪唑、噻吩、吡咯、恶唑、噻唑、四唑、吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、唑、吲唑、三唑、它们的异构体以及它们的组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述聚合物乳液还包含以基于所述聚合物乳液总干重的干重计作为聚合单元的(c)0.01％至5％的稳定剂单体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述银是银溶液并且选自硝酸银、碘化银及其组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述抗微生物涂料组合物还包含以基于所述涂料组合物总干重的干重计0.004％至10％的氧化剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述氧化剂选自过氧化物、卤酸、次卤酸、亚卤酸、全卤酸、它们的锂盐、钠盐和钙盐，以及它们的任何组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中以基于所述聚合物乳液总干重的干重计，所述含杂环基单体的量为0.01％至5％。
10.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述含杂环基单体中的所述杂环基与所述银的摩尔比至少为7。
11.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述含杂环基单体中的所述杂环基与所述银的摩尔比至少为9。
12.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述含杂环基单体中的所述杂环基与所述银的摩尔比大于7。
13.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物涂料组合物，其中所述含杂环基单体中的所述杂环基与所述银的摩尔比大于9。
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