CN108020504A - Optical measuring instrument and sample refractive index, optical rotatory spectrum and chiral molecules Enantiomeric excess measurement analysis method based on the weak measurement of quantum - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement and a method for measuring and analyzing sample refractive index, spin spectrum and chiral molecule enantiomer content. The invention is based on quantum weak measurement technology. Construct the first quantum weak measurement optical path between the pre-selected quantum state and the first post-selected quantum state in the reflected optical path, and construct the second quantum weak measurement optical path between the pre-selected quantum state in the incident optical path and the second post-selected quantum state in the refracted optical path The two-quantum weak measurement optical path, by adjusting the polarization state of the incident beam, reflected beam and refracted beam, can expand the spin splitting value of the reflected beam and the spin splitting value of the refracted beam by at least 10 ³ times, thereby achieving minimal changes in the refractive index of the sample, The determination of weak chiral optical signals (such as optical rotation angle) and enantiomeric content of chiral molecules is expected to realize the analysis of chiral drugs at the single molecule level; it is of great importance in biomedical engineering, life sciences, analytical chemistry and other disciplines. Value.

Description

Optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement and sample refractive index, spin spectrum and manual Analytical method for measuring the content of sexual molecules enantiomers

technical field

The invention relates to optical instrument technology, in particular to an optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement. The optical measuring instrument can simultaneously measure the refractive index and rotational spectrum of liquid, gaseous or solid transparent samples, especially those with lower concentrations and relatively low concentrations. Refractive index and rotational spectrum of a solution with few chiral molecules; with this optical measuring instrument, the determination of enantiomer content in a solution containing chiral molecular substances can also be realized. The optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement can be applied to high Accurate chiral drug analysis, chiral chemical analysis, and can be used to make high-sensitivity chiral molecular sensors, etc.

Background technique

Chemical molecules and biological macromolecules in nature, such as DNA, protein, polysaccharide, nucleic acid, etc., all have chiral characteristics, resulting in chemical and biological (biochemical) processes often accompanied by changes in molecular configuration and associated with weak chirality The light signal changes. However, the drug targets in the human body have chiral characteristics (such as various receptors, enzymes, proteins, etc. are composed of L-type amino acids), when they interact with the enantiomers of chiral drugs, the corresponding pharmacological activity, There are significant differences in metabolic process and toxicity, and even show opposite pharmacological activities. Therefore, now, after the drug is successfully developed, it must undergo strict chiral activity and toxicity tests to avoid adverse effects of another chiral molecule contained therein on human health.

In view of the full understanding of the differences in pharmacological activity, physiological effects, and metabolic processes of chiral drugs, people have increased the research and development of chiral drugs, making them flourish, accounting for more than two-thirds of the research and development of commonly used chemical drugs in the world today. . Accurate chiral drug analysis technology is an important cornerstone of chiral drug research and development, and the accurate determination of the enantiomer content of chiral molecules is the technical core and key bottleneck of chiral drug analysis and chiral chemical analysis.

At present, the determination of chiral optical signals (circular dichroism and optical rotation angle) of substances is an effective method to detect the optical activity of drug molecules and determine the absolute configuration of molecular enantiomers. However, the chiroptical optical signal (Chiroptical) is a very weak optical effect, usually only on the order of 10 ^-6 ~ 10 ^-4 of the achiral background absorption signal (for weak chiral drugs or biomolecular interactions process, the chiral optical signal is even weaker), it is difficult to directly measure with existing optical measuring equipment, and the Autopol series of polarimeters from Rudolph Company in the United States can measure the optical rotation with the highest accuracy of 0.002° through the method of polarization extinction, but due to the traditional The measurement technology based on light intensity is affected by inherent factors such as light source stability, environmental noise, temperature, etc., and its measurement accuracy is already equivalent to the noise level of the instrument, and it is difficult to further improve it. In addition, the existing optical polarimetry equipment does not yet have the function of measuring the content of different chiral enantiomers.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to firstly provide an optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement, which can not only realize the measurement and analysis of the refractive index and rotational spectrum of transparent or translucent samples, but also can realize the measurement of the enantiomer content of chiral molecules analyze.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring and analyzing the refractive index and rotational spectrum of a sample based on quantum weak measurement based on the above-mentioned optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement.

The third purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring and analyzing the enantiomer content of chiral molecules based on quantum weak measurement, aiming at the lack of technical means for accurately measuring the enantiomer content of chiral molecules in the prior art.

The idea of the present invention is to convert the refractive index and rotation spectrum of the sample to be measured into the measurement quantity related to the photon spin splitting. Since the photon spin splitting is very sensitive to the refractive index and optical rotation, it is not sensitive to the fluctuation of the light source and the environment. The noise is insensitive, so it can suppress the noise very well and improve the measurement accuracy. The spin splitting of photons can be amplified by quantum weak measurement (expressed as the moving distance of the center of mass position of the light spot on the detector after passing through the front and rear polarization states, and the position of the center of mass of the light spot is the position of the energy center of gravity of the light spot calculated according to the energy distribution). Accurate measurement, so as to obtain high-precision refractive index and rotational spectrum of the sample to be tested at the same time, and obtain the content of the enantiomer in the sample through these two parameters. Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to develop a device in which the light beam is incident on the surface of the sample medium, reflected or refracted by the surface of the sample medium, by adjusting the polarization state or phase difference of the incident light beam, reflected light beam or refracted light beam, so that the polarization state or The spin splitting value associated with the phase difference (that is, the traversing distance of the center of mass of the reflected beam or the center of mass of the refracted beam relative to the center of gravity of the beam energy at the interface of the sample medium, referred to as the traversing distance of the center of mass of the reflected beam or the traversing distance of the center of mass of the refracted beam) expands, thereby It can be accurately measured, and then the refractive index and spin spectrum of the sample can be calculated according to the spin splitting value of the measured reflected beam or refracted beam. For solutions containing chiral molecular species, the enantiomeric content of chiral molecules is related to the solution refractive index and optical rotation, which can be calculated from the spin-splitting values associated with polarization states or phase differences, The enantiomeric content of chiral molecules can thus be precisely determined based on the spin-splitting values determined by quantum weak measurement techniques.

An optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement provided by the present invention includes a light generating device, a polarization state preparation device, a prism, a sample, a first polarization state selector, a second polarization state selector, a first light receiving device, and a second polarization state selector. Two light-receiving devices; the sample is designed with a light incident surface and a light exit surface, and its light incident surface is attached to one side of the prism; the light beam emitted by the light generating device enters the light incident of the sample through the polarization state preparation device and the prism The reflected beam and the refracted beam are generated on the surface, the reflected beam is received by the first light receiving device through the first polarization state selector, and the refracted beam is received by the second light receiving device through the second polarization state selector; The polarization state of the beam is the pre-selected quantum state, the beam polarization state of the reflected beam after passing through the first polarization state selector is the first post-selection quantum state, and the beam polarization state of the refracted beam after passing through the second polarization state selector is the second post-selection state Quantum state; the pre-selected quantum state in the incident light path and the first post-selected quantum state in the reflection light path constitute the first quantum weak measurement light path part, the pre-selected quantum state in the incident light path and the second post-selection in the refraction light path The second quantum weak measurement optical path is formed between the quantum states.

The above-mentioned optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement can expand the obtained Spin-splitting value of reflected beam or spin-splitting value of refracted beam, so as to ensure the measurement accuracy of solution refractive index or optical rotation angle; when the angle between the first post-selected quantum state and the pre-selected quantum state is 90°± When △'(△' is not greater than 5°), the spin splitting value of the reflected beam can be enlarged by at least 10 ³ times relative to the spin splitting value of the incident beam; when the second post-selection quantum state and the pre-selection quantum state The included angle is 90°±△'(△' is not greater than 5°), and the spin splitting value of the refracted beam can be enlarged by at least 10 ³ times relative to the spin splitting value of the incident beam.

The above-mentioned optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement is aimed at a transparent or translucent solid, liquid or gas; when the sample is liquid or gas, it needs to be placed in a transparent or translucent container (container refractive index known).

In the above-mentioned optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement, the light generating device includes a light source generator and an energy regulator and a first beam converter arranged on the outgoing light path of the light source generator; the light source generator is used to provide a polarized light source, which can It is a laser, a laser diode, a superluminescent light emitting diode, a white light generator, and a quantum light source generator; the energy regulator is used to adjust the beam energy emitted by the light source generator, and can be a half-wave plate or a neutral attenuation plate; for a half-wave plate, the light energy can be adjusted by adjusting the angle between the vibration transmission direction and the polarization direction of the incident light; the first beam converter is used for beam convergence and can be a single lens or multiple lenses composed of lens groups.

In the aforementioned optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement, the polarization state preparer is used to construct a suitable pre-selected quantum state, the first polarization state selector and the second polarization state selector are used to construct a suitable post-selected quantum state, and The post-selected quantum state is close to perpendicular to the pre-selected quantum state, and the included angle is 90°±△', and △' is not greater than 5°, so as to ensure sufficient quantum weak value amplification effect and realize high-precision and high-sensitivity measurement; The polarization state preparation device is a combination of a polarizer or a polarizer with a quarter-wave plate and a phase compensator (such as a Babinet phase compensator), and the quarter-wave plate or phase compensator is located at the polarizer In the back; the first polarization state selector and the second polarization state selector have the same or different structures, and are in the combination of a polarizer or a polarizer and a quarter-wave plate and a phase compensator (such as a Babinet phase compensator) A quarter-wave plate or a phase compensator is located in front of the polarizer; the polarizer is a Glan laser polarizing prism or a polarizing beam splitter (such as a Wolas prism).

In the above-mentioned optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement, the prism is used to generate a suitable incident angle at the sample incident interface. In a preferred mode, the incident beam after passing through the prism produces Brewster angle reflection or total reflection at the sample incident interface. , the prism can be a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a pentaprism, etc.

In the above-mentioned optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement, the first light receiving device includes a first photodetector and a second beam converter located in front of the first photodetector; the second light receiving device includes a second photodetector device and a third beam converter located in front of the second photodetector; the first photodetector and the second photodetector are used to realize weak light detection, and the two may have the same or different structures, which are charge-coupled elements, spectrometers, One of photomultiplier tubes, position-sensitive detectors, and four-quadrant detectors; the second beam converter and the third beam converter are used to adjust the beam to a parallel beam, and the structures of the two can be the same or different, and they are a single lens or a lens group composed of multiple lenses; the equivalent focal length of the second beam converter is greater than the equivalent focal length of the first beam converter, and the first beam converter and the second beam converter form a confocal system; the second beam converter The equivalent focal length of the three beam converters is greater than that of the first beam converter, and the first beam converter and the third beam converter constitute a confocal system.

The present invention further provides a sample refractive index and rotational spectrum measurement and analysis method based on quantum weak measurement. Using the above-mentioned optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement, the measurement and analysis steps are as follows:

(1) The light emitted by the light generating device enters the incident interface of the sample through the polarization state preparation device and the prism to generate reflected light beams and refracted light beams. The reflected light beams are received by the first light receiving device through the first polarization state selector, and the refracted light beams pass through the first polarization state selector. The two polarization state selectors are received by the second light receiving device; the center of mass traversing distance of the reflected beam is recorded by the first light receiving device, which is used as the photon spin splitting value <y _r > of the reflected beam; the refraction is recorded by the second light receiving device Transverse distance of the beam center of mass, which is used as the photon spin splitting value <y _t > of the refracted beam;

(2) According to the following formula (i), the quantum state selected before the incident beam incident on the light incident surface of the sample is obtained:

in, is the transverse wave vector of the incident beam, is the wave mode function of the incident beam, i represents the incident beam, |ψ _i > is the polarization state of the incident beam after it passes through the polarization state generator;

(3) According to the following formula (ii), the first post-selected quantum state of the reflected beam after passing through the first polarization state selector and the second post-selected quantum state of the refracted beam after passing through the second polarization state selector are obtained:

Among them, v=r, t represent the reflected light path and the refracted light path respectively, |Ψ _v > is the quantum state of the reflected beam before passing through the first polarization state selector or the refracted light beam before passing through the second polarization state selector, is the transverse wave vector of the reflected beam or refracted light path, is the wave mode function of the reflected beam or the refracted beam, |ψ _v > is the polarization state of the reflected beam before passing through the first polarization state selector or the refracted beam before passing through the second polarization state selector; for the conjugate of is the polarization state of the reflected beam passing through the first polarization state selector or the refracted beam passing through the second polarization state selector, H> is the polarization state along the horizontal direction, |V> is the polarization state along the vertical direction, Δ is the optical rotation angle of the sample at the specified wavelength;

(4) |ψ _v > and |ψ _i > satisfy the following relationship:

in

The light beam emitted from the light generating device is reflected and refracted by each interface of the prism and the sample, and m=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 represent the interface corresponding to the incident angle θ _m ; Represents the refraction angle corresponding to the incident angle θ _m ; its Fresnel refraction coefficient and Respectively expressed as; k _m is the central wave vector, is the component of the beam in the y direction; is the rotation matrix, α is the angle between the optical axis set by the polarization state generator and the horizontal direction; r _p , _rs are the Fresnel reflection coefficients when the light enters the sample from the prism and is reflected on the prism and the sample surface, Sample Refractive Index

(5) According to Calculate the photon spin splitting value <y _v >:

(6) According to <y _r > and <y _t > recorded in step (1), calculate the refractive index n of the sample and the optical rotation angle Δ of the sample at the specified wavelength by combining (i) to (viii). The rotation angle at the wavelength constitutes the rotation spectrum.

In the above-mentioned sample refractive index and rotational spectrum measurement and analysis method based on quantum weak measurement, when the light emitted by the light generating device passes through the polarization state preparation device and the prism, it is incident on the incident interface of the sample medium at the Brewster angle to generate reflected beams and refracted beams, so that Optimum sensitivity to sample refractive index and rotational spectroscopic measurements is guaranteed.

In the method for measuring and analyzing sample refractive index and rotational spectrum based on quantum weak measurement, the light generating device, the prism and the sample, the first light receiving device and/or the second light receiving device are adjusted so that the propagation directions of the reflected light beam and the refracted light beam are respectively in line with the The exit surface of the reflected beam of the sample and the exit surface of the refracted beam are vertical or close to vertical, so as to achieve a large weak measurement amplification effect.

The above method for measuring and analyzing sample refractive index and rotational spectroscopy based on quantum weak measurement may further include:

(7) Prepare a series of standard samples with different concentrations, repeat steps (1) to (6), and obtain a series of standard samples of the reflected beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve and the refracted beam centroid traverse distance-optical rotation angle change curve;

(8) According to step (1), measure the reflected beam centroid traverse distance and the reflected beam centroid traverse distance of the sample to be tested, and then obtain the reflected beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve and the refracted beam centroid obtained in step (7). The concentration, refractive index and optical rotation angle of the sample to be tested can be obtained by moving the distance-optical rotation angle change curve. The optical rotation angle of the sample to be tested at different wavelengths constitutes the rotation spectrum.

On the basis of establishing the reflected beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve and the refracted beam centroid traverse distance-optical rotation angle change curve, for solutions with lower concentrations, it is only necessary to test the solution to be measured by an optical measuring instrument and record the reflected beam centroid The lateral movement distance and the lateral movement distance of the center of mass of the refracted beam can accurately obtain the solution refractive index, rotational spectrum and solution concentration, thereby realizing high-precision measurement of low-concentration solution concentration and optical properties, and improving measurement efficiency.

The present invention further provides a method for measuring and analyzing the enantiomer content of chiral molecules based on quantum weak measurement. The above-mentioned optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement is used, and the sample is a solution containing a substance containing chiral molecules. The steps are as follows :

(1) The light emitted by the light generating device enters the incident interface of the sample through the polarization state preparation device and the prism to generate reflected light beams and refracted light beams. The reflected light beams are received by the first light receiving device through the first polarization state selector, and the refracted light beams pass through the first polarization state selector. The two polarization state selectors are received by the second light receiving device; the center of mass traversing distance of the reflected beam is recorded by the first light receiving device, which is used as the photon spin splitting value <y _r > of the reflected beam; the refraction is recorded by the second light receiving device Transverse distance of the beam center of mass, which is used as the photon spin splitting value <y _t > of the refracted beam;

(2) According to the reflected beam photon spin splitting value <y _r > and the refracted beam photon spin splitting value <y _t > obtained in step (1), the spin spectrum and refraction The ratios k ₁ and k ₃ related to the rate attribute, and the ratios k ₂ and k ₄ related to the spectrum and refractive index attribute of the right-handed substance in the solution containing chiral molecules, are calculated according to the following formulas (ix) and (x) simultaneously The content x of the left-handed substance and the content y of the right-handed substance in the solution are obtained:

k ₁ xk ₂ y=<y _t > (ix)

k ₃ x+k ₄ y=<y _r > (x)

When said k ₁ is a single left-handed substance exists, the photon spin splitting value of the refracted beam varies with the concentration or optical rotation angle of the solution containing a single left-handed substance _; value with the coefficient of variation of the solution concentration or optical rotation angle containing a single dextrorotatory substance; when said k ₃ is a single levorotatory substance exists, the reflected beam photon spin splitting value follows the variation coefficient of the solution concentration or refractive index of a single dextrorotatory substance; k ₄ is the variation coefficient of the reflected beam photon spin splitting value with the concentration or refractive index of the solution containing a single right-handed substance in the presence of a single right-handed substance.

In the method for determining the enantiomer content of chiral molecules based on quantum weak measurement, the optical rotation angle and refractive index of the solution containing a single left-handed substance or a single right-handed substance are determined by the sample refractive index and rotation spectrum based on quantum weak measurement given above. The measurement and analysis method is obtained. Specifically, a series of solution standard samples containing a single levorotatory substance of different concentrations are firstly prepared, and the samples with different concentrations are measured according to steps (1) to (6) of the sample refractive index and spin spectrum measurement and analysis method based on quantum weak measurement. According to the refractive index of the sample and the optical rotation angle at the specified wavelength, and then according to the reflected beam centroid traverse distance (or refracted beam centroid traverse distance) and refractive index (optical rotation angle) under different concentration conditions, a series of reflections of the standard sample are obtained. Beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve (or refracted beam centroid traverse distance-optical rotation angle change curve), reflected beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve (or refracted beam centroid traverse distance-optical rotation angle change curve) The slope is the coefficient k ₃ (or k ₁ ); for a solution containing a single dextrorotatory substance, the operation steps are the same, and the finally obtained reflected beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve (or refracted beam centroid traverse distance-optical rotation angle Change curve) slope is the coefficient k ₄ (or k ₂ ).

^In the current existing technology, the optical properties of samples (such as refractive index, rotational spectrum, etc.) ⁴ magnitude), direct measurement is difficult, and the accuracy is low, and it is impossible to obtain the content of chiral molecular enantiomers in substances containing chiral molecules (such as chiral drugs).

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention is based on quantum weak measurement technology. In the measurement optical path, the first quantum weak measurement optical path is constructed between the pre-selected quantum state in the incident optical path and the first post-selected quantum state in the reflected optical path. By adjusting the incident light beam and The polarization state of the reflected beam can expand the spin splitting value of the reflected beam by at least 10 ³ times, so as to realize the measurement of the minimal change in the refraction of the sample, which provides a good research and development idea for the development of a high-sensitivity refractive index sensor and has a good application prospect ;

2. The present invention is based on quantum weak measurement technology. In the measurement optical path, a second quantum weak measurement optical path is constructed between the pre-selected quantum state in the incident optical path and the second post-selected quantum state in the refracted optical path. By adjusting the incident light beam and The polarization state of the refracted beam can expand the spin splitting value of the refracted beam by at least 10 ³ times, thereby realizing the measurement of the weak chiral optical signal (such as the optical rotation angle) of the sample, which can be used as an optical high-precision polarization state measurement method and has good applications prospect;

3. The present invention can not only realize the measurement of the refractive index of the sample and the chiral optical signal (such as the optical rotation angle) at the same time, but also can be based on the correlation between the content of the left-handed substance and the right-handed substance in the solution containing the chiral molecular substance and the refractive index and the rotation spectrum. Determining the enantiomer content of chiral molecules in solution by using the spin splitting caused by the change of refraction index and spin spectrum of the solution, so as to break through the bottleneck of chiral chemical analysis in this field;

4. The quantum weak measurement technology provided by the present invention is a new type of non-destructive direct quantum state measurement technology, which focuses on the quantum state change caused by the observable physical quantity (such as photon spin) itself, and is insensitive to external interference, so that The disturbance introduced in the measurement process is very small, which can achieve high-precision and high-sensitivity measurement of chiral drugs in their natural state (solution environment), and is expected to realize the analysis of chiral drugs at the single-molecule level;

5. The present invention will play an important role in the field of drug analysis and drug development, and also has important application value in multiple disciplines such as biomedical engineering, life science, and analytical chemistry.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement of the present invention; Wherein, 1, light generating device, 11, light source generator, 12, energy conditioner, 13, first light beam converter, 2, polarization state preparer , 3, prism, 4, sample, 5, the first polarization state selector, 6, the first light receiving device, 61, the second beam converter, 62, the first photodetector, 7, the second polarization state selector , 8, the second light receiving device, 81, the third beam converter, 82, the second photodetector.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the incident beam of the present invention through multiple interface reflections and refractions on the surface of the prism and the sample.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the variation curve of the center of mass of the incident beam and the reflected beam with the solution concentration or refractive index and the optical rotation angle containing chiral molecular substances, wherein (a) is a single glucose solution, the center of mass of the refracted beam moves with the glucose solution Schematic diagram of the change curve of concentration or optical rotation angle, (b) when it is a single glucose solution, the schematic diagram of the lateral movement distance of the center of mass of the reflected beam with the concentration of glucose solution or the change of the refractive index coefficient, (c) when it is a single fructose solution, the lateral movement distance of the center of mass of the refracted beam Schematic diagram of the change curve with the concentration of fructose solution or optical rotation angle, (d) is a schematic diagram of the change curve of the center of mass of the reflected beam with the concentration of fructose solution or the change of refractive index in the case of a single fructose solution.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the variation curve (a) of the optical rotation angle of the mixed solution of glucose and fructose with the distance of the center of mass of the refracted beam (a) and the change of the refractive index coefficient of the mixed solution of glucose and fructose with the distance of the center of mass of the reflected beam (b).

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described through the embodiments. Apparently, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the contents of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention

Example 1

The optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement provided in this embodiment has a structure as shown in Fig. Two polarization state selectors 7 , a first light receiving device 6 , and a second light receiving device 8 . The light generating device 1 is composed of a light source generator 11, an energy adjuster 12 and a first beam converter 13, wherein the light source generator 11 is a collimated laser, and the energy adjuster 12 is a half-wave plate. A beam converter 13 is a convex lens. The polarization state generator 2 is a Glan laser polarization prism, which is used to construct a suitable quantum state. The prism 3 is a right-angled triangular prism, which is used for incident at the Brewster angle on the surface of the solution to be measured. The sample 4 is a mixed solution of glucose and fructose to be tested, and the mixed solution is contained in a glass container. The shape of the glass container is used to ensure that the final refracted light beam is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the exit surface. The glass container of sample 4 fit together. Both the first polarization state selector 5 and the second polarization state selector 7 are composed of a phase compensator and a Glan laser polarization prism for constructing a suitable quantum state. The first light receiving device 6 is composed of a second beam converter 61 and a first photo detector 62, and the second light receiving device 8 is composed of a third beam converter 81 and a second photo detector 82. A photodetector 62 and a second photodetector 82 are both charge-coupled device CCDs for detecting weak light intensity signals, the second beam converter 61 and the third beam converter 81 are convex lenses, and the second beam converter The focal length of 61 is greater than the focal length of the first beam converter 13, the first beam converter 13 and the second beam converter 61 constitute a confocal system, the focal length of the third beam converter 81 is greater than the focal length of the first beam converter 13, the second A beam converter 13 and a third beam converter 81 form a confocal system.

The working principle of the above-mentioned optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement is as follows: the laser light emitted by the light source generator 11 is incident on the sample at the Brewster angle through the energy regulator 12, the first beam converter 13, the polarization state preparation device 2, and the prism 3 in sequence. The light incident surface of 4 generates reflected light beam and refracted light beam, and the reflected light beam reflected from the prism is received by the first light detector 62 through the first polarization state selector 5 and the second light beam converter 61 in turn, and then passes through the sample, from The refracted light beam emitted from the exit surface of the sample is received by the second photodetector 82 through the second polarization state selector 7 and the third beam converter 81 in sequence.

The polarization state of the beam incident on the light incident surface of the sample 4 is the pre-selected quantum state, the polarization state of the reflected beam after passing through the first polarization state selector 5 is the first post-selected quantum state, and the refracted beam passes through the second polarization state selector 7 The last beam polarization state is the second post-selected quantum state; the first quantum weak measurement optical path part for realizing the sample refractive index measurement is formed between the pre-selected quantum state in the incident optical path and the first post-selected quantum state in the reflected optical path, and the incident optical path The second quantum weak measurement optical path part that realizes the sample rotation spectrum measurement is formed between the pre-selected quantum state in the optical path and the second post-selected quantum state in the refracted optical path; adjust the polarization state preparation device 2, the first polarization state selector 5 and The second polarization state selector 7 makes the post-selected quantum state nearly perpendicular to the pre-selected quantum state, and the included angle is 90°±△′ (△′ is not greater than 5°).

Example 2

This embodiment is based on the quantum weak measurement technology, and the optical measuring instrument based on the quantum weak measurement provided in Example 1 is used to measure and analyze the refractive index and rotational spectrum of the glucose and fructose mixed solution sample. The steps are as follows:

(1) The laser light emitted by the light source generator 11 is incident on the light incident surface of the sample 4 at the Brewster angle through the energy conditioner 12, the first beam converter 13, the polarization state preparation device 2, and the prism 3 to generate reflected light beams and The refracted beam, the reflected beam reflected from the prism passes through the first polarization state selector 5, the second beam converter 61 and is received by the first photodetector 62, and the refracted beam transmitted through the sample and emitted from the sample exit surface sequentially passes through the second The two polarization state selectors 7 and the third beam converter 81 are received by the second photodetector 82; the light intensity is recorded by the first photodetector 62, and the distance of the center of mass of the reflected beam is read, which is used as the photon spin of the reflected beam Splitting value <y _r >; light intensity is recorded by the second photodetector 82, and the centroid traverse distance of the refracted beam is read, which is used as the photon spin splitting value <y _t > of the refracted beam.

(2) According to the following formula (i), the quantum state selected before the incident beam incident on the light incident surface of the sample is obtained:

in, is the transverse wave vector of the incident beam, is the wave type function of the incident beam, and this embodiment adopts a Gaussian beam, i represents the incident beam, and |ψ _i > is the polarization state of the incident beam passing through the polarization state preparation device. In this embodiment, |ψ _i >=|H> the polarization state of the incident beam passing through the polarization state preparation device is along the horizontal direction .

(3) According to the following formula (ii), the first post-selected quantum state of the reflected beam after passing through the first polarization state selector and the second post-selected quantum state of the refracted beam after passing through the second polarization state selector are obtained:

Among them, v=r, t represent the reflected light path and the refracted light path respectively, |Ψ _v > is the quantum state of the reflected beam before passing through the first polarization state selector or the refracted light beam before passing through the second polarization state selector, is the transverse wave vector of the reflected beam or refracted light path, Be the mode function of reflected light beam or refracted light beam, because this embodiment adopts Gaussian light beam, |ψ _v > is the polarization state of the reflected beam before passing through the first polarization state selector or the refracted beam before passing through the second polarization state selector; for the conjugate of is the polarization state of the reflected beam passing through the first polarization state selector or the refracted beam passing through the second polarization state selector, is the polarization state of the beam along the horizontal direction, |V> is the polarization state of the beam along the vertical direction, and Δ is the optical rotation angle of the sample at the specified wavelength.

(4) The beam incident from the polarization state generator 2 is incident on the sample medium interface through the prism 3 and needs to undergo multiple interface reflections and refractions, and finally the reflected beam and the refracted beam are obtained from the exit interface of the prism and the exit interface of the sample. The process is as follows As shown in Figure 2, the light beam incident on the prism interface ① is refracted and enters the prism to reach the sample medium interface ②, where the light beam is refracted and reflected, and the reflected beam reaches the prism exit interface ⑤ after refraction to form an optical path 2, and the refracted beam reaches the sample medium exit interface ③ enters the glass container medium through refraction to reach its interface ④ and forms optical path 1 through refraction; the formed optical path 2 and optical path 1 are the final reflected beam and refracted beam, and the polarization state between the two satisfies |ψ _v > and |ψ _i >Satisfy the following relationship:

in

The light beam emitted from the light generating device is reflected and refracted by each interface of the prism and the sample, and m=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 represent the interface corresponding to the incident angle θ _m ; Represents the refraction angle corresponding to the incident angle θ _m ; its Fresnel refraction coefficient and Respectively expressed as; k _m is the central wave vector, is the component of the beam in the y direction; is the rotation matrix, α is the angle between the optical axis set by the polarization state generator and the horizontal direction; r _p , _rs are the Fresnel reflection coefficients when the light enters the sample from the prism and is reflected on the prism and the sample surface, Sample Refractive Index

(5) Calculate the photon spin splitting value <y _v > according to |Ψ _fv >:

(6) According to <y _r > and <y _t > recorded in step (1), calculate the refractive index n of the sample and the optical rotation angle Δ of the sample at the specified wavelength by combining (i) to (viii). The rotation angle at the wavelength constitutes the rotation spectrum.

This embodiment prepares the mixed solution standard sample of glucose and fructose that concentration is 3mg/ml, 4mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 6mg/ml, 7mg/ml, 8mg/ml, 9mg/ml successively, according to step (1)～ (6) Obtain the reflected beam centroid traverse distance, refracted beam traverse distance, refractive index and optical rotation angle corresponding to each concentration standard sample. In order to facilitate the description that the refractive index measurement analysis method provided by the present invention realizes the measurement of minimal changes in sample refraction, in this embodiment, the refractive index of each concentration standard sample obtained is subtracted from the refractive index of deionized water (n ₀ =1.33250) Obtain the refractive index change Δn of each concentration standard sample relative to deionized water. Figure 4(a) and (b) show the experimental results of the refractive index change Δn corresponding to each concentration standard sample with the distance of the center of mass of the reflected beam and the variation of the optical rotation angle with the distance of the center of mass of the refracted beam.

Use the center of mass traversing distance of the reflected beam corresponding to each concentration standard sample and its relative refractive index relative to deionized water to draw the center of mass traversing distance of the reflected beam-refractive index change curve, and use the refraction index corresponding to the standard sample of each concentration obtained The beam centroid traversing distance and its optical rotation angle are used to draw the refracted beam centroid traversing distance-optical rotation angle change curve. On the basis of establishing the reflected beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve and the refracted beam centroid traverse distance-optical rotation angle change curve, for a mixed solution of glucose and fructose (sample to be tested) with an unknown concentration, you can first follow step (1) Measure the reflected beam centroid traverse distance <y _r > and reflected beam centroid traverse distance <y _t > of the sample to be tested, and then according to the obtained reflected beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve and refracted beam centroid traverse distance- The concentration, refractive index and optical rotation angle of the sample to be tested can be obtained from the change curve of the optical rotation angle, and the optical rotation angle of the sample to be tested at different wavelengths constitutes the rotation spectrum.

Example 3

This embodiment is based on the quantum weak measurement technology, and the optical measuring instrument based on the quantum weak measurement provided in Example 1 is used to measure and analyze the content of the left-handed substance and the right-handed substance in the glucose and fructose mixed solution sample. The steps are as follows:

(1) Prepare a series of pure glucose solution standard samples and fructose solution standard samples respectively, the concentrations of glucose solution standard samples are 1mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 3mg/ml, 4mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 6mg/ml, 7mg /ml, 8mg/ml, 9mg/ml, fructose solution standard concentration is 1mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 3mg/ml, 4mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 6mg/ml, 7mg/ml, 8mg/ml, 9mg /ml.

(2) According to steps (1) to (6) in Example 2, obtain the centroid traverse distance of the reflected beam, the traverse distance of the refracted beam, and the refractive index and optical rotation angle corresponding to each concentration standard sample. In order to facilitate the description that the refractive index measurement analysis method provided by the present invention realizes the measurement of minimal changes in sample refraction, in this embodiment, the refractive index of each concentration standard sample obtained is subtracted from the refractive index of deionized water (n ₀ =1.33250) Obtain the refractive index change Δn of each concentration standard sample relative to deionized water. Utilize the centroid traverse distance of the refracted beam corresponding to each concentration standard sample and its optical rotation angle to draw the centroid traverse distance of the refracted beam-optical rotation angle change curve [as shown in Figure 3 (a) and (c), (a) is Glucose, (c) is fructose], draw the reflected beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve by using the reflected beam centroid traverse distance corresponding to each concentration standard sample and its refractive index change Δn relative to deionized water [As shown in Figure 3(b) and (d), (b) is glucose and (d) is fructose]. The variation coefficient (curve slope) of the photon spin splitting value of the refracted beam with the optical rotation angle of the glucose solution in Fig. 3(a) is k ₁ , and the variation coefficient of the photon spin splitting value of the refracted beam with the optical rotation angle of the fructose solution in Fig. 3(c) (curve slope) is k ₂ , the variation coefficient (curve slope) of the reflected beam photon spin splitting value with the glucose solution refractive index in Figure 3(b) is k ₃ , and the reflected beam photon spin splitting value in Figure 3(d) The coefficient of variation (slope of the curve) of the refractive index with the fructose solution is k ₄ .

(3) For the mixed solution of glucose and fructose (test samples 1, 2, 3); you can first measure the reflected beam centroid traverse distance <y _r > and the reflected beam centroid of the sample to be tested according to the step (1) of embodiment 2 Traversing distance <y _t >, and then k ₁ , k ₂ , k ₃ , k ₄ obtained in step (2) according to the formula k ₁ xk ₂ y=<y _t >(ix) and k ₃ x+k ₄ y =<y _r >(x) calculates the content of left-handed substances and right-handed substances in the sample to be tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Determination of glucose and fructose content in mixed solution

Note: Samples 1, 2, and 3 to be tested are mixed solutions prepared in advance with glucose and fructose. The analysis method for measuring and analyzing the enantiomer content of chiral molecules is based on the concentration of glucose and fructose in the mixed solution (that is, the measured glucose and fructose concentrations), so that the feasibility of the method for measuring the enantiomer content of chiral molecules provided in this example is confirmed.

As can be seen from the above table, the glucose concentration and the fructose concentration in the mixed solution measured by the sample 1-3 to be tested are very close to the glucose concentration and the fructose concentration when preparing, and the error is very small. The optical measuring instrument can realize the determination of the content of left-handed substances and right-handed substances in the mixed solution of lower concentration, and by analogy, it can also realize the determination of the content of chiral molecule enantiomers in the solution of lower concentration.

_{In addition} , after _{k 1} , _{k 2} , _{k 3} , and _{k 4} are determined, any <y _r > and <y _t > corresponding to the left-handed substance content x and the right-handed substance content y, so as to obtain the center of mass traverse distance of the reflected beam in Figure 4(a) and (b)-the concentration change of the mixed solution and the refracted beam The theoretical prediction curve (solid line) of centroid traverse distance-mixed solution concentration change. Since the solution concentration corresponds to the refractive index and optical rotation angle one by one, the centroid traverse distance of the reflected beam-refractive index change and the refracted beam are also obtained. Theoretical prediction curve of centroid traverse distance-optical rotation angle change. As can be seen from the figure, the experimental results and theoretical prediction curves of the variation of the refractive index coefficient Δn corresponding to each concentration standard sample in embodiment (2) vary with the distance of the center of mass of the reflected beam and the variation of the optical rotation angle with the distance of the center of mass of the refracted beam It is very consistent, so it can be seen that the sample refractive index and rotation spectrum measurement and analysis method based on quantum weak measurement provided by the present invention can realize the measurement of a very small change in the sample refractive index and a weak chiral optical signal (such as optical rotation angle) of the sample , can be used as an optical high-precision polarization state measurement method, and has a good application prospect.

Claims (10)

1. An optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement is characterized in that comprising light generating device (1), polarization state preparation device (2), prism (3), sample (4), first polarization state selector (5) ), the second polarization state selector (7), the first light receiving device (6), the second light receiving device (8); the sample (4) is designed with a light incident surface and a light exit surface, and its light incident surface and One side of the prism (3) is attached; the light beam emitted by the light generating device (1) is incident on the light incident surface of the sample (4) through the polarization state preparation device (2) and the prism (3), resulting in reflected light beams and refraction The light beam, the reflected light beam is received by the first light receiving device (6) through the first polarization state selector (5), and the refracted light beam is received by the second light receiving device (8) through the second polarization state selector (7); The polarization state of the beam incident on the light incident surface of the sample (4) is the pre-selected quantum state, the beam polarization state of the reflected beam after passing through the first polarization state selector (5) is the first post-selected quantum state, and the refracted beam undergoes the second polarization state The beam polarization state behind the state selector (7) is the second post-selected quantum state; the first quantum weak measurement optical path part is formed between the pre-selected quantum state in the incident optical path and the first post-selected quantum state in the reflected optical path, and the incident The part of the second quantum weak measurement optical path is formed between the pre-selected quantum state in the optical path and the second post-selected quantum state in the refracted optical path. 2. The optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the first post-selected quantum state and the pre-selected quantum state is 90°±△', and △' is not greater than 5 °; the angle between the second post-selected quantum state and the pre-selected quantum state is 90°±△', and △' is not greater than 5°. 3. According to claim 1 or 2, the quantum weak measurement system with both refractive index and rotational spectrum analysis is characterized in that the light generating device (1) includes a light source generator (11) and is arranged on the light source generator to emit light Energy conditioner (12) and the first light beam converter (13) on the road; Described light source generator (11) is laser, laser diode, superluminescent light-emitting diode, white light generator, quantum light source generator; Described energy regulator The device (12) is a half-wave plate or a neutral attenuation film; the first beam converter (13) is a single lens or a lens group composed of multiple lenses. 4. The optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polarization state preparation device (2) is a polarizer or a polarizer combined with a quarter wave plate and a phase compensator The first polarization selector (5) and the second polarization selector (7) have the same or different structures, and are polarizers or polarizers combined with quarter-wave plates and phase compensators One: the polarizer is a Glan laser polarizing prism or a polarizing beam splitter. 5. According to claim 1 or 2, the quantum weak measurement system with both refractive index and rotational spectrum analysis is characterized in that the first light receiving device (6) includes a first photodetector (62) and is located at the first A second beam converter (61) in front of the photodetector; the second light receiving device (8) includes a second photodetector (82) and a third beam converter (81) positioned in front of the second photodetector ; The first photodetector (62), the second photodetector (82) are identical or different in structure, and are charge-coupled elements, spectrometers, photomultiplier tubes, position sensitive detectors, and four-quadrant detectors for realizing weak light detection One of them; the second beam converter (61) and the third beam converter (81) have the same or different structures, and are a lens group composed of a single lens or a plurality of lenses; the second beam converter (61 ) is greater than the equivalent focal length of the first beam converter (13), the first beam converter (13) and the second beam converter (61) constitute a confocal system; the third beam converter (81 ) is greater than the equivalent focal length of the first beam converter (13), and the first beam converter (13) and the third beam converter (81) constitute a confocal system. 6. A sample refractive index and rotational spectrum measurement and analysis method based on quantum weak measurement, characterized in that the optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted, and the measurement and analysis steps are as follows: (1) The light emitted by the light generating device (1) is incident on the incident interface of the sample (4) through the polarization state preparation device (2) and the prism (3) to generate reflected beams and refracted beams, and the reflected beams pass through the first polarization state selector (5) Received by the first light receiving device (6), the refracted light beam is received by the second light receiving device (8) through the second polarization state selector (7); the centroid of the reflected light beam is recorded by the first light receiving device (6) Transverse distance, take it as the photon spin splitting value of the reflected beam <y _r >; record the centroid traverse distance of the refracted beam through the second light receiving device (8), and use it as the photon spin splitting value of the refracted beam <y _t >; (2) According to the following formula (i), the quantum state selected before the incident beam incident on the light incident surface of the sample is obtained: <mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;Psi;</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&amp;Integral;</mo><mo>&amp;Integral;</mo><msub><mi>dk</mi><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><msub><mi>dk</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><mi>&amp;Phi;</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;psi;</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow> in, is the transverse wave vector of the incident beam, is the wave mode function of the incident beam, i represents the incident beam, |ψ _i > is the polarization state of the incident beam after it passes through the polarization state generator; (3) According to the following formula (ii), the first post-selected quantum state of the reflected beam after passing through the first polarization state selector and the second post-selected quantum state of the refracted beam after passing through the second polarization state selector are obtained: <mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;Psi;</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mi>msub><mo&gt;&gt;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo><</mo><msub><mi>&amp;psi;</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;Psi;</mi><mi>v</mi></msub><mo&gt;&gt;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&amp;Integral;</mo><mo>&amp;Integral;</mo><msub><mi>dk</mi><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><msub><mi>dk</mi><msub><mi>y</mi>mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mi>&amp;Phi;</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mo>></mo><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>&amp;psi;</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;psi;</mi><mi>v</mi></msub><mo>></mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow> Among them, v=r, t represent the reflected light path and the refracted light path respectively, |Ψ _v > is the quantum state of the reflected beam before passing through the first polarization state selector or the refracted light beam before passing through the second polarization state selector, is the transverse wave vector of the reflected beam or refracted light path, is the wave mode function of the reflected beam or the refracted beam, |ψ _v > is the polarization state of the reflected beam before passing through the first polarization state selector or the refracted beam before passing through the second polarization state selector; for the conjugate of is the polarization state of the reflected beam after the first polarization selector or the refracted beam after passing through the second polarization selector, |H> is the polarization state along the horizontal direction, |V> is the polarization state along the vertical direction, Δ is the optical rotation angle of the sample at the specified wavelength; (4) |ψ _v > and |ψ _i > satisfy the following relationship: <mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;psi;</mi><mi>t</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>=</mo><msub><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></msub><msub><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></msub><mover><mi>R</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>&amp;alpha;</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><msub><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub><msub><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></msub><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;psi;</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow> <mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;psi;</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>=</mo><msub><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>5</mn></msub></msub><msub><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mi>r</mi></msub><msub><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></msub><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;psi;</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>v</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow> in <mrow><msub><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><msub><mi>t</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></msub><mo>=</mo><mfenced open = "[" close = "]"><mtable><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>t</mi><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></msub></mtd><mtd><mrow><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>&amp;eta;</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><msub><mi>t</mi><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mfrac><msub><mi>cot&amp;theta;</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mrow><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>&amp;eta;</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><msub><mi>t</mi><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mfrac><msub><mi>cot&amp;theta;</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></mtd><mtd><msub><mi>t</mi><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow> <mrow><mover><mi>R</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>&amp;alpha;</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mfenced open = "[" close = "]"><mtable><mtr><mtd><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>&amp;alpha;</mi></mrow></mtd><mtd><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>&amp;alpha;</mi></mrow></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mrow><mo>-</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>&amp;alpha;</mi></mrow></mtd><mtd><mrow><mi>cos</mi><mi>&amp;alpha;</mi></mrow></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>,</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow> <mrow><msub><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>=</mo>< mfenced open = "[" close = "]"><mtable><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></mtd><mtd><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>cot&amp;theta;</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mfrac></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mrow><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>cot&amp;theta;</mi><msub><mi>i</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub></mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mfrac></mrow></mtd><mtd><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow> The light beam emitted from the light generating device is reflected and refracted by each interface of the prism and the sample, and m=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 represent the interface corresponding to the incident angle θ _m ; Represents the refraction angle corresponding to the incident angle θ _m ; its Fresnel refraction coefficient and Respectively expressed as; k _m is the central wave vector, is the component of the beam in the y direction; is the rotation matrix, α is the angle between the optical axis set by the polarization state generator and the horizontal direction; r _p , _rs are the Fresnel reflection coefficients when the light enters the sample from the prism and is reflected on the prism and the sample surface, Sample Refractive Index (5) According to Calculate the photon spin splitting value <y _v >: <mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>v</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>&amp;Psi;</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mo>|</mo><mi>i</mi><mfrac><mo>&amp;part;</mo><mrow><mo>&amp;part;</mo><msub><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;Psi;</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>&amp;Psi;</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mo>|</mo><msub><mi>&amp;Psi;</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></msub><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow></mfrac><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow> (6) According to <y _r > and <y _t > recorded in step (1), calculate the refractive index n of the sample and the optical rotation angle Δ of the sample at the specified wavelength by combining (i) to (viii). The rotation angle at the wavelength constitutes the rotation spectrum. 7. According to claim 6, the sample refractive index and rotational spectrum measurement and analysis method based on quantum weak measurement is characterized in that the light emitted by the light generating device is incident on the sample medium with the Brewster angle through the polarization state preparation device and the prism. The interface produces reflected and refracted beams. 8. according to claim 6 or 7 described sample refractive index based on quantum weak measurement and rotational spectrometry analysis method, it is characterized in that further comprising: (7) Prepare a series of standard samples with different concentrations, repeat steps (1) to (6), and obtain a series of standard samples of the reflected beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve and the refracted beam centroid traverse distance-optical rotation angle change curve; (8) According to step (1), measure the reflected beam centroid traverse distance and the reflected beam centroid traverse distance of the sample to be tested, and then obtain the reflected beam centroid traverse distance-refractive index change curve and the refracted beam centroid obtained in step (7). The concentration, refractive index and optical rotation angle of the sample to be tested can be obtained by moving the distance-optical rotation angle change curve. The optical rotation angle of the sample to be tested at different wavelengths constitutes the rotation spectrum. 9. A method for measuring and analyzing the enantiomer content of chiral molecules based on quantum weak measurement, characterized in that the optical measuring instrument based on quantum weak measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used, and the sample contains A solution of a substance with a chiral molecule, the steps are as follows: (1) The light emitted by the light generating device (1) is incident on the incident interface of the sample (4) through the polarization state preparation device (2) and the prism (3) to generate reflected beams and refracted beams, and the reflected beams pass through the first polarization state selector (5) Received by the first light receiving device (6), the refracted light beam is received by the second light receiving device (8) through the second polarization state selector (7); the centroid of the reflected light beam is recorded by the first light receiving device (6) Transverse distance, take it as the photon spin splitting value of the reflected beam <y _r >; record the centroid traverse distance of the refracted beam through the second light receiving device (8), and use it as the photon spin splitting value of the refracted beam <y _t >; (2) According to the reflected beam photon spin splitting value <y _r > and the refracted beam photon spin splitting value <y _t > obtained in step (1), the spin spectrum and refraction The ratios k ₁ and k ₃ related to the rate attribute, and the ratios k ₂ and k ₄ related to the spectrum and refractive index attribute of the right-handed substance in the solution containing chiral molecules, are calculated according to the following formulas (ix) and (x) simultaneously The content x of the left-handed substance and the content y of the right-handed substance in the solution are obtained: k ₁ xk ₂ y=<y _t > (ix) k ₃ x+k ₄ y=<y _r > (x) When said k ₁ is a single left-handed substance exists, the photon spin splitting value of the refracted beam varies with the concentration or optical rotation angle of the solution containing a single left-handed substance _; value with the coefficient of variation of the solution concentration or optical rotation angle containing a single dextrorotatory substance; when said k ₃ is a single levorotatory substance exists, the reflected beam photon spin splitting value follows the variation coefficient of the solution concentration or refractive index of a single dextrorotatory substance; k ₄ is the variation coefficient of the reflected beam photon spin splitting value with the concentration or refractive index of the solution containing a single right-handed substance in the presence of a single right-handed substance. 10. According to claim 9, the method for measuring and analyzing the enantiomer content of chiral molecules based on quantum weak measurement, is characterized in that the optical rotation angle and refractive index of the solution containing a single levorotatory substance or a single dextrorotatory substance pass through claims 6 to 10. 8 Obtained by the measurement and analysis method described in any claim.