CN108020326A - A kind of single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit with the high suppression ratio of spike - Google Patents
A kind of single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit with the high suppression ratio of spike Download PDFInfo
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- CN108020326A CN108020326A CN201711476457.XA CN201711476457A CN108020326A CN 108020326 A CN108020326 A CN 108020326A CN 201711476457 A CN201711476457 A CN 201711476457A CN 108020326 A CN108020326 A CN 108020326A
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Abstract
A kind of single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit with the high suppression ratio of spike, including avalanche diode, autodyne parallel circuit, N roads compensation circuit, the N roads compensation circuit is arranged in parallel, and each output terminal of N roads compensation circuit is together connected the input terminal of N+1 roads power combiner with the output terminal of No. 2 power combiners；Avalanche diode connects autodyne parallel circuit, and the output terminal of N+1 roads power combiner is connected to avalanche signal output terminal.Present invention incorporates self difference and single-frequency point compensation two ways to suppress spike, the suppression ratio of spike is significantly improved, the threshold value that avalanche signal is screened is reduced, greatly reduces the afterpulse probability of high-speed single photon detector (being not limited to 1GHz)；The power of 1,2,3 times of frequency point of spike is suppressed using compensation circuit at the same time, compares trap circuit, the amplitude that it is compensated is adjustable, amplitude loss and signal distortion so as to avoid avalanche signal, reduces the afterpulse probability of single-photon detector.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the high speed analog signal modulate circuit technical field of single-photon detector, more particularly to one kind has
The high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike.
Background technology
In quantum key distribution system (QKD), the single-photon detector based on avalanche diode is key modules, especially
(more than 1GHz) in high speed QKD system, the afterpulse probability of single-photon detector becomes the safe key into code check of limitation and refers to
Mark.Afterpulse probability is reduced, then is required to screen out sufficiently small avalanche signal, and under gating patterns, gate-control signal
It is coupled to by the junction capacity of avalanche diode in signal path, produces spike, its amplitude is tens times of avalanche signal；
The modulate circuit of avalanche signal is while avalanche signal is amplified, it is necessary to suppress to spike, to ensure back-end circuit
Examination to sufficiently small avalanche signal.
Spike is suppressed although existing self difference technology can be realized, is limited to the balance of device,
Whether the amplitude and phase unbalance degree of power combiner, or delay line length, all cause the suppression ratio to spike
It is not high enough, so that relatively small avalanche signal cannot be screened, so that afterpulse probability deteriorates.And sinusoidal door is used to believe
Number, and not only gate-width is too wide for the mode being filtered, and the loss of avalanche signal can be caused in its filtering again, equally not
Single-photon detector can be made to reach sufficiently small afterpulse probability.
The content of the invention
It is a kind of with the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike present invention aims at providing, with
Solve in the prior art single photon detection to the suppression of spike than relatively low and single photon detection cannot be made to reach sufficiently small
Afterpulse probability technical problem.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit with the high suppression ratio of spike, including：
Avalanche diode, the anode of the avalanche diode divide two-way, have bias voltage units by resistor loaded all the way,
There is door pulse signal generator by capacitive load all the way；
Autodyne parallel circuit, the autodyne parallel circuit include sequentially connected balun, Length discrepancy delay line and 2 road power
Synthesizer；
N roads compensation circuit, the N roads compensation circuit are arranged in parallel, and each output terminal of N roads compensation circuit and 2 road power
The output terminal of synthesizer together connects the input terminal of N+1 roads power combiner；
Low-pass filter circuit；
Low-noise amplification circuit；
The cathode of the avalanche diode divides two-way, connects the balun of autodyne parallel circuit all the way, passes through pull down resistor all the way
Ground connection, the output terminal of N+1 roads power combiner pass sequentially through connection low-pass filter circuit, low-noise amplification circuit to snowslide letter
Number output terminal.
Preferably, N roads compensation circuit is 1 tunnel compensation circuit, and 1 tunnel compensation circuit is that can produce spike 1
The compensation circuit of single frequency point signal at frequency multiplication.
Preferably, N roads compensation circuit is 3 tunnel compensation circuits, and 3 tunnel compensation circuit is that can produce spike arteries and veins respectively
Rush at 1 frequency multiplication, at 2 frequencys multiplication and at 3 frequencys multiplication single frequency point signal compensation circuit.
Preferably, sequentially connected sine signal source, shifting are included in each compensation circuit of N roads compensation circuit respectively
The output terminal of phase device and variable gain amplifier, the output terminal of the variable gain amplifier and No. 2 power combiners is together
Connect the input terminal of N+1 roads power combiner.
Preferably, the balun uses high bandwidth transmission wire type of the type for BALH-0003.
Preferably, the Length discrepancy delay line, is realized by PCB trace.
Preferably, No. 2 power combiner uses high bandwidth synthesizer of the type for PBR-0003SMG.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect：
The present invention's has the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike, combines self difference and list
Frequency point compensation two ways suppresses spike, compares and removes spike mode using single self difference, to point
The suppression ratio of peak pulse significantly improves, and reduces the threshold value that avalanche signal is screened, it is (unlimited to greatly reduce high-speed single photon detector
In 1GHz) afterpulse probability；Multiple times of frequency point power of spike are suppressed using compensation circuit at the same time, are compared sunken
Wave circuit, the amplitude that it is compensated is adjustable, the amplitude for being filtered out and producing in the energy of these frequency points so as to avoid avalanche signal
Loss and signal distortion, further increase the examination effect of avalanche signal, reduce the afterpulse probability of single-photon detector.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram that the present invention has the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike；
Fig. 2 a are signal output oscillogram at X in Fig. 1；
Fig. 2 b are signal output oscillogram at Y in Fig. 1；
Fig. 2 c are signal output oscillogram at Z in Fig. 1.
In figure：Avalanche diode 100, bias voltage units 200, door pulse signal generator 300, autodyne parallel circuit 400,
Balun 401,402, No. 2 power combiner 403 of Length discrepancy delay line, N roads compensation circuit 500, sine signal source 501, phase shift
Device 502, variable gain amplifier 503, N+1 roads power combiner 600, low-pass filter circuit 700, low-noise amplification circuit 800,
Avalanche signal output terminal 900.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is clearly and completely described.
As shown in Figure 1, it is a kind of with the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike, including：
Avalanche diode 100, the anode of the avalanche diode 100 divide two-way, are loaded with biasing by resistance R1 all the way
Voltage cell 200, is loaded with door pulse signal generator 300 by capacitance C1 all the way；
Autodyne parallel circuit 400, the autodyne parallel circuit 400 include sequentially connected balun 401, Length discrepancy delay line
402 and No. 2 power combiners 403；
N roads compensation circuit 500, which is arranged in parallel, and each output terminal of N roads compensation circuit 500
The input terminal of N+1 roads power combiner 600 is together connected with the output terminal of No. 2 power combiners 403；
Low-pass filter circuit 700；
Low-noise amplification circuit 800；
The cathode of the avalanche diode 100 divides two-way, connects the balun 401 of autodyne parallel circuit 400 all the way, passes through all the way
Pull down resistor R2 is grounded, and uneven end connection 100 anode of avalanche diode of balun 401, balance end connects Length discrepancy respectively
Delay line 402, the output terminal of N+1 roads power combiner 600 pass sequentially through connection low-pass filter circuit 700, low noise
Big circuit 800 is to avalanche signal output terminal 900.
N roads compensation circuit 500 is 1 tunnel compensation circuit, and 1 tunnel compensation circuit 500 is that can produce 1 times of spike
The compensation circuit of single frequency point signal at frequency.
In another embodiment, N roads compensation circuit 500 is 3 tunnel compensation circuits, and 3 tunnel compensation circuit is difference
Can produce at 1 frequency multiplication of spike, at 2 frequencys multiplication and at 3 frequencys multiplication single frequency point signal compensation circuit.
Include sequentially connected sine signal source 501 in each compensation circuit of N roads compensation circuit 500 respectively, move
Phase device 502 and variable gain amplifier 503, the output terminal of the variable gain amplifier 503 and No. 2 power combiners 403
Output terminal together connect the input terminal of N+1 roads power combiner 600.
The balun 401 uses the BALH-0003 models of high bandwidth transmission wire type, which can effectively reduce avalanche signal
Decay, amplitude is extremely low with phase unbalance degree, amplitude imbalance degree 0.1dB, 1 ° of phase unbalance degree, resulting common mode
It is 45dB to suppress ratio, ensure that and suppresses ratio to the high of spike.
The Length discrepancy delay line, is realized by PCB trace, the Length discrepancy delay line, real by PCB cablings
Existing, the difference L of the wherein track lengths of two paths of signals (signal A, signal B) is
Wherein T is the signal period, and C is vacuum light speed, and ε be averaged relative dielectric constant, thus, signal A and signal B for PCB
Compare, postpone a cycle.Two delay line characteristic impedances at the same time are 50 ohm.
No. 2 power combiner 403 is high bandwidth synthesizer, adoptable model PBR-0003SMG, the model 2
For 403 bandwidth of road power combiner from 10MHz to 3GHz, its amplitude is extremely low with phase unbalance degree, ensure that to spike
Height suppresses ratio.
The low-pass filter circuit 700 obtains low-pass filter for 4GHz by high-frequency cut-off frequency and realizes.
The low-noise amplification circuit 800 by noise factor it is low (<2), low noise amplifier of the gain not less than 20bB is realized.
Embodiment
It is cyclical signal according to gate-control signal, as shown in Figure 2 a, its spike being coupled in path is also the cycle
Property signal, which is divided into two-way after balun, and phase differs 180 °, then by postponing the two of difference a cycle
After the delay line ingoing power synthesizer of road, you can property performance period signal surveys self difference, is influenced by amplitude and phase unbalance degree,
Suppression of the autodyne parallel circuit of the present invention to spike is compared not less than 35dB.After spike is suppressed, as shown in Figure 2 b, snowslide
Signal can be screened.
As shown in Figure 2 c, compensation circuit produces single frequency point signal, is adjusted by phase and amplitude, is supported in power combiner
Disappear power of the spike at 1,2 and 3 frequencys multiplication, further eliminates spike so that the avalanche signal of smaller be able to by
Screen.Compensation circuit suppresses ratio to spike and is not less than 15dB.
Low-pass filter further filters out high-frequency noise, since avalanche signal energy is concentrated mainly on below 4GHz, into one
Step improves signal-to-noise ratio.
Three-level circuit synthesis suppresses ratio to spike and is not less than 54dB.
Low-noise amplification circuit gain is 20dB, and avalanche signal is amplified, so that late-class circuit is screened.
The present invention's has the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike, combines self difference and list
Frequency point compensation two ways suppresses spike, compares and removes spike mode using single self difference, to point
The suppression ratio of peak pulse significantly improves, and reduces the threshold value that avalanche signal is screened, it is (unlimited to greatly reduce high-speed single photon detector
In 1GHz) afterpulse probability；The power of 1,2,3 times of frequency point of spike is suppressed using compensation circuit at the same time, phase
Compared with trap circuit, the amplitude that it is compensated is adjustable, is filtered out and produces in the energy of these frequency points so as to avoid avalanche signal
Amplitude loss and signal distortion, further increase the examination effect of avalanche signal, reduce the afterpulse of single-photon detector
Probability.
Claims (7)
- It is 1. a kind of with the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike, it is characterised in that including：Avalanche diode, the anode of the avalanche diode divide two-way, have bias voltage units by resistor loaded all the way, all the way There is door pulse signal generator by capacitive load；Autodyne parallel circuit, the autodyne parallel circuit include sequentially connected balun, Length discrepancy delay line and 2 road power combings Device；N roads compensation circuit, the N roads compensation circuit are arranged in parallel, and each output terminal of N roads compensation circuit and 2 road power combings The output terminal of device together connects the input terminal of N+1 roads power combiner；Low-pass filter circuit；Low-noise amplification circuit；The cathode of the avalanche diode divides two-way, connects the balun of autodyne parallel circuit all the way, is grounded all the way by pull down resistor, It is defeated to avalanche signal that the output terminal of N+1 roads power combiner passes sequentially through connection low-pass filter circuit, low-noise amplification circuit Outlet.
- 2. exist as claimed in claim 1 with the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike, its feature In N roads compensation circuit is 1 tunnel compensation circuit, and 1 tunnel compensation circuit is that can produce single-frequency point at 1 frequency multiplication of spike The compensation circuit of signal.
- 3. exist as claimed in claim 1 with the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike, its feature It is 3 tunnel compensation circuits in, N roads compensation circuit, 3 tunnel compensation circuit is can produce at 1 frequency multiplication of spike respectively, 2 The compensation circuit of single frequency point signal at frequency multiplication and at 3 frequencys multiplication.
- 4. as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 with the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike, its feature It is, includes sequentially connected sine signal source, phase shifter and can in each compensation circuit of N roads compensation circuit respectively Gain amplifier is adjusted, the output terminal of the variable gain amplifier is together connected N+1 roads work(with the output terminal of No. 2 power combiners The input terminal of rate synthesizer.
- 5. as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 with the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike, its feature It is, the balun uses high bandwidth transmission wire type of the type for BALH-0003.
- 6. as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 with the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike, its feature It is, the Length discrepancy delay line, is realized by PCB trace.
- 7. as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 with the high single-photon avalanche signal extracting circuit for suppressing ratio of spike, its feature It is, No. 2 power combiner uses high bandwidth synthesizer of the type for PBR-0003SMG.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711476457.XA CN108020326B (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2017-12-29 | Single photon avalanche signal extraction circuit with peak pulse high suppression ratio |
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| CN201711476457.XA CN108020326B (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2017-12-29 | Single photon avalanche signal extraction circuit with peak pulse high suppression ratio |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN107947571A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-20 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | A kind of DC DC Switching Power Supplies and its inductance are uttered long and high-pitched sounds removing method |
| CN108449052A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-08-24 | 成都英微特微波技术有限公司 | A kind of W-waveband High Degree Frequency Multiplier |
| CN111130652A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 南京大学 | Photon number resolution enhanced laser communication system and method |
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