CN108019443B - 用于混合动力车辆发动机的制动机构 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆发动机的制动机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108019443B
CN108019443B CN201711070159.0A CN201711070159A CN108019443B CN 108019443 B CN108019443 B CN 108019443B CN 201711070159 A CN201711070159 A CN 201711070159A CN 108019443 B CN108019443 B CN 108019443B
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pawl
cam gear
input shaft
ratchet mechanism
controller
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CN108019443A (zh
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伊马德·阿尔-雷吉布
罗纳德·高
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
    • F16D63/002—Brakes with direct electrical or electro-magnetic actuation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
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    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
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    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/912—Drive line clutch
    • Y10S903/914—Actuated, e.g. engaged or disengaged by electrical, hydraulic or mechanical means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/947—Characterized by control of braking, e.g. blending of regeneration, friction braking

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Abstract

公开了一种用于混合动力车辆发动机的制动机构。一种混合动力车辆动力传动系组件包括燃烧式发动机、电机、输入轴、棘轮机构和控制器。输入轴选择性地连接发动机和电机。棘轮机构包括与变速器壳体一体形成的基座、固定地连接到输入轴的凸轮齿轮、棘爪和用于使棘爪运动的致动器。控制器被配置为：响应于接收到发动机制动命令，向致动器输出接合命令以使棘爪朝向凸轮齿轮运动而接合，从而防止输入轴旋转。本文还提供了一种用于控制混合动力车辆动力传动系的方法。该方法包括：响应于接收到发动机制动命令，经由控制器输出命令以使棘轮机构接合连接到发动机的输入轴，以防止输入轴旋转。

Description

用于混合动力车辆发动机的制动机构
技术领域
本公开涉及用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系组件。
背景技术
用于电气化车辆(诸如，电池电动车辆(BEV)和插电式混合动力车辆(PHEV))的行驶里程扩展技术不断改善。然而，实现这些增加的里程通常需要牵引电池、电力电子部件和电机彼此配合以使功率分配最大化从而提高燃料效率。
发明内容
一种混合动力车辆的动力传动系组件包括燃烧式发动机的输入轴和棘轮机构。棘轮机构包括棘爪、固定地连接到输入轴的凸轮齿轮以及致动器。棘轮机构与输入轴布置为使致动器选择性地运动以引导棘爪朝向凸轮齿轮运动，从而防止输入轴的旋转以使燃烧式发动机制动。弹簧可以与致动器布置为使棘爪偏置远离凸轮，以防止棘爪无意接合到凸轮齿轮。凸轮齿轮可以安装到与输入轴旋转连通的承载面。螺线管可以与致动器机械连通并与控制器电通信。控制器可以被配置为选择性地激活螺线管，以引导致动器的运动而使棘爪与凸轮齿轮接合或分离。螺线管可以安装在棘轮机构的基座、变速器壳体和棘爪之间。棘轮机构还可以包括与变速器壳体一体形成并支撑棘轮机构的基座。棘轮机构还可以包括杆，所述杆与棘爪布置为使棘爪沿着由杆限定的轴线竖直平移。棘轮机构可以包括基座，所述基座在邻近于凸轮齿轮的位置处安装到变速器壳体以支撑棘轮机构。棘爪可以包括限定倾斜表面和竖直表面的端部。凸轮可以包括齿，所述齿成形为使得当棘爪与凸轮齿轮接合时，竖直表面防止凸轮齿轮沿第一方向旋转，并且倾斜表面允许凸轮齿轮沿第二方向旋转。
一种混合动力车辆动力传动系组件包括燃烧式发动机、电机、输入轴、棘轮机构和控制器。输入轴选择性地连接发动机和电机。棘轮机构包括与变速器壳体一体形成的基座、固定地连接到输入轴的凸轮齿轮、棘爪和用于使棘爪运动的致动器。控制器被配置为：响应于接收到发动机制动命令，向致动器输出接合命令以使棘爪朝向凸轮齿轮运动而接合，从而防止输入轴旋转。棘轮机构还可以包括弹簧，弹簧安装为使棘爪的运动偏置远离凸轮以防止棘爪无意接合到凸轮齿轮。棘轮机构还可以包括与控制器电通信的螺线管，以从控制器接收激活致动器而使棘爪与凸轮齿轮接合或分离的命令信号。螺线管可以经由支架附连到变速器壳体。凸轮齿轮可以安装到与输入轴旋转连通的承载面。棘爪可以包括限定倾斜表面和竖直表面的端部，凸轮齿轮可以包括齿，所述齿成形为使得当棘爪与凸轮齿轮接合时，竖直表面防止凸轮齿轮沿第一方向旋转，并且倾斜表面允许凸轮齿轮沿第二方向旋转。
一种用于控制混合动力车辆动力传动系的方法包括：响应于接收到发动机制动命令，经由控制器输出命令以使棘轮机构接合连接到发动机的输入轴，从而防止输入轴旋转。棘轮机构还可以包括与控制器电通信的螺线管，并且该方法还可以包括经由控制器向螺线管输出发动机制动命令以使棘轮机构和输入轴接合而使发动机制动。该方法还可以包括响应于换挡器处于倒挡位置的存在，经由控制器输出命令以使棘轮机构接合输入轴而使发动机制动。
附图说明
图1是示出车辆的示例的示意图。
图2是混合动力车辆动力传动系的一部分的示例的透视图。
图3是图2的混合动力车辆动力传动系的一部分的示例的截面侧视图。
图4是以第一构造示出的混合动力车辆动力传动系的棘轮机构的示例的侧视图。
图5是以第二构造示出的图4的棘轮机构的示例的侧视图。
图6是描绘用于控制混合动力车辆动力传动系的算法的示例的框图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而，将理解，公开的实施例仅为示例，其他实施例可采取各种替代的形式。附图无需按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以显示特定部件的细节。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不被解释为限制，而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本公开的实施例的代表性基础。如本领域的普通技术人员将理解的，参考任一附图示出和描述的各种特征可与一个或更多个其他附图中示出的特征结合，以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合为典型应用提供代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可以期望用于特定应用或实施方式。
图1示出了车辆(本文总体上称为车辆16)的示例。车辆16可包括变速器12，并且是由内燃发动机20辅助第一电机推进的电动车辆的示例。车辆16可以是可连接到外部电网的。第一电机可以是本文中称为马达18的AC电动马达。马达18接收电功率并提供用于车辆推进的扭矩。马达18还可用作发电机，以通过再生制动将机械功率转换为电功率。
变速器12可以是功率分流构造。变速器12可以包括马达18和第二电机。第二电机可以是本文中称为发电机24的AC电动马达。与马达18类似，发电机24可接收电功率并提供输出扭矩。发电机24还可将机械功率转换为电功率并优化通过变速器12的功率流动。在其他实施例中，变速器可不具有功率分流构造。
变速器12可包括行星凸轮齿轮单元(planetary camwheel unit)(未示出)，并可用作无级变速器，且没有任何固定传动比或阶梯传动比。变速器12还可包括单向离合器(O.W.C)和发电机制动器33。O.W.C可以连接到发动机20的输出轴，以控制输出轴的旋转方向。O.W.C.可以防止变速器12反向驱动发动机20。发电机制动器33可以连接到发电机24的输出轴。可以启动发电机制动器33以“制动”或防止发电机24的输出轴和中心凸轮齿轮(未示出)的输出轴的旋转。或者，O.W.C.和发动机制动器33可以通过实施用于发动机20和发电机24的控制策略来替代。变速器12可以连接到传动轴46。传动轴46可以通过差速器50连接到一对驱动轮48。变速器的输出凸轮齿轮(未示出)可以辅助在变速器12和驱动轮48之间传递扭矩。变速器12还可以与热交换器49或自动变速器流体冷却器(未示出)连通用于冷却变速器流体。
车辆16包括能量存储装置，诸如用于存储电能的牵引电池52。如下面进一步描述的，电池52可以是能够输出电功率来操作马达18和发电机24的高电压电池。电池52还可从马达18和发电机24接收电功率。电池52可以是由若干电池模块(未示出)组成的电池组，其中每个电池模块均包含多个电池单元(未示出)。车辆16的其他实施例设想了可补充或替代电池52的可选类型的能量存储装置(诸如，电容器和燃料电池(未示出))。
高电压总线可以将电池52电连接到马达18和发电机24。例如，车辆16可以包括用于控制电池52的电池能量控制模块(BECM)54。BECM 54可以接收指示某些车辆状况和电池状况(诸如，电池温度、电压和电流)的输入。BECM 54可以计算和估计电池52的参数，诸如电池荷电状态(BSOC)和电池功率容量(Pcap)。BECM 54可以向其他车辆系统和控制器提供指示BSOC和Pcap的输出。
车辆16可包括DC-DC转换器或可变电压转换器(VVC)10和逆变器56。VVC 10和逆变器56可以电连接在电池52和马达18与发电机24之间。VVC 10可“升压”或增加由电池52提供的电功率的电压电位。VVC 10还可“降压”或降低提供给电池52的电功率的电压电位。逆变器56可经由VVC 10将由电池52提供的DC电力逆变为AC电力，以操作马达18和发电机24中的每一个。逆变器56还可对由马达18和发电机24中的每一个提供的AC电力进行整流，以对电池52充电。在其他示例中，变速器12可以与多个逆变器(诸如，与马达18和发电机24中的每一个相关联的一个逆变器)一起操作。VVC 10包括电感器组件14(进一步参照图2进行描述)。
变速器12示出为与变速器控制模块(TCM)58通信，以控制马达18和发电机24、VVC10和逆变器56。TCM 58可以被配置为监测马达18和发电机24中的每一个的状况(诸如，位置、速度和功率消耗)。TCM 58还可以监测VVC 10和逆变器56内的各个位置处的电气参数(诸如，电压和电流)。TCM 58提供对应于该信息的输出信号以用于其他车辆系统使用。
车辆16可包括与其他车辆系统和控制器通信以协调其操作的车辆系统控制器(VCS)60。尽管示出为单个控制器，但是设想VSC 60可包括多个控制器以根据总体车辆控制逻辑或软件控制多个车辆系统和部件。
车辆控制器(诸如，VCS 60和TCM 58)可包括各种构造的微处理器、ASIC、IC、存储器(例如，FLASH、ROM、RAM、EPROM和/或EEPROM)、和软件代码，以彼此协作从而执行车辆操作。控制器还可包括从存储器可访问并且可基于计算和测试数据的预定数据或“查找表”。预定数据可由控制器使用，以便于车辆操作的控制。VCS 60可使用总线协议(诸如，CAN和LIN)通过一个或更多个有线或无线连接与其它车辆系统和控制器(例如，BECM 54和TCM58)通信。VSC 60可以接收表示变速器12的当前位置(例如，驻车挡、倒车挡、空挡或前进挡)的输入(PRND)。VSC 60还可以接收代表加速踏板位置的输入(APP)。VSC 60可以向TCM 58提供表示期望的车轮扭矩、期望的发动机转速和发电机制动指令的输出并向BECM 54提供接触器控制。
车辆16可包括用于控制发动机20的发动机控制模块(ECM)64。VSC 60可以向ECM64提供基于多个输入信号(包括APP)并且可对应于驾驶员对车辆推进请求的输出(诸如，期望的发动机扭矩)。
电池52可以经由充电端口66周期性地从外部电源或电网接收AC能量。车辆16还可以包括从充电端口66接收AC能量的车载充电器68。充电器68可以包括AC/DC转换能力，以在再充电操作期间将接收到的AC能量转换为适于对电池52充电的DC能量。虽然在PHEV的背景下进行说明和描述，但是可以设想逆变器56可以实现用于其他类型的电气化车辆(诸如，FHEV或BEV)。
图2和图3示出了用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系组件的一部分的示例。动力传动系组件可以包括变速器壳体102、ICE(未示出)的输入轴110、发电机轴114、链轮凸轮齿轮116和从动凸轮齿轮118。变速器壳体102的尺寸可以适于在壳体内保持动力传动系组件的部件，并且可以提供用于安装棘轮机构130的表面。例如，棘轮机构130可以包括基座119、棘爪132、凸轮齿轮134和螺线管136。基座119可以安装到变速器壳体102的内表面，使得棘爪132可以接合凸轮齿轮(camwheel)134。例如，基座119可以在邻近于凸轮齿轮134的位置处安装到变速器壳体102。基座119可以包括弹簧支撑件133。基座119可以与变速器壳体102形成为单个单元。例如，棘轮机构130的其它部分可以在组装过程期间安装到基座119。螺线管136可以安装到基座119以与棘爪132相互作用。例如，支架121可以从基座119延伸。壳体123可以安装到支架121并包括棘轮机构130的一部分。
图3示出了动力传动系组件的一部分的局部截面侧视图。ICE(未示出)连接到输入轴110。ICE可以是内燃发动机，诸如图1中的发动机20。承载面(carrier face)128与输入轴110旋转连通。旋转经由承载架(carrier)122在输入轴110和发电机轴114之间传递，然后在承载架122和承载面128之间传递。棘轮机构130的凸轮齿轮134经由承载架122和承载面128固定地连接到输入轴110。当螺线管136从控制器(未示出)接收发动机制动命令时，棘爪132接合凸轮齿轮134。例如，控制器可以响应于某些条件(诸如，检测到凸轮齿轮换挡器处于倒挡位置)的存在而输出发动机制动命令。与O.W.C.的使用相比，棘轮机构130的接合可以在较低阻力下操作动力传动系组件，并且产生更高的扭矩传递效率。此外，与使用O.W.C.的系统相比，使用棘轮机构130可以提供燃料经济性优势。此外，棘轮机构130可以帮助解决与较大的O.W.C.相关的封装约束。
在该示例中，棘轮机构130示出为邻近于驻车凸轮齿轮140。驻车凸轮齿轮140可以是驻车机构的一部分，以帮助防止输入轴110的运动。基于可用的封装空间，设想对于棘轮机构130而言，其它位置是可用的。例如，棘轮机构130可以位于变速器壳体102和凸轮齿轮134之间。
图4和图5示出了棘轮机构130的示例。棘轮机构130包括棘爪132、凸轮齿轮134、致动器150、第一弹簧152和第二弹簧154。致动器150可与棘爪132布置在一起以引导棘爪132沿着轴线158平移。例如，杆160可以安装到基座119，使得棘爪132可以沿轴线158平移。第一弹簧152和第二弹簧154可以定向为帮助引导棘爪132的运动。
例如，第一弹簧152和第二弹簧154可以朝向彼此偏置，以将棘爪132保持在如图4所示的第一构造中，并防止棘爪132和凸轮齿轮134的无意接合。螺线管136可接收来自控制器的命令，以在第一弹簧152的帮助下引导致动器150的运动而使棘爪132与凸轮齿轮134接合。螺线管136可以接收来自控制器的命令以引导致动器150的运动，使棘爪132与凸轮齿轮134分离。棘爪132包括限定倾斜表面165和竖直表面167的端部。凸轮齿轮134包括齿，所述齿成形为使得当棘爪132与凸轮齿轮134接合时，竖直表面167防止凸轮齿轮134沿第一方向旋转，并且倾斜表面165允许凸轮齿轮134沿第二方向旋转。
如上所述，输入轴110固定地连接到凸轮齿轮134。使棘爪132与凸轮齿轮134接合防止承载面128的旋转。承载架122和输入轴110可以增加通过输出的扭矩。例如，如果车辆处于纯电动模式，则棘爪132与凸轮齿轮134的接合可以用作发动机制动以防止输入轴110的运动。
图6示出了用于操作混合动力车辆动力传动系的控制策略的算法(本文总体上称为算法200)的示例。在操作204中，控制器可以检测一组条件中的一个是否已经发生。例如，控制器可以检测换挡器是否调整处于倒挡位置，或者混合动力车辆是否在纯电动模式下运行。在操作208中，控制器可以检测是否接收到发动机制动命令。在已经接收到发动机制动命令的情况下，在操作210中，控制器可以输出发动机制动命令以接合棘轮机构(诸如，棘轮机构130)的棘爪和凸轮齿轮来约束发动机输出轴的旋转。在该示例中，凸轮齿轮可以固定地连接到发动机输出轴。这样，算法200可以运转为选择性输出发动机制动命令。
虽然上面描述了各种实施例，但这些实施例并不意在描述了权利要求包含的所有可能的形式。在说明书中使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且将理解，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下能够进行各种改变。如前所述，各个实施例的特征可组合，以形成本公开可能没有明确描述或说明的进一步的实施例。虽然各个实施例可能已被描述为在一个或更多个期望特性方面提供优点或优于其他实施例或现有技术实施方式，但是本领域的普通技术人员认识到，根据具体应用和实施方式，一个或更多个特点或特性可被折衷，以实现期望的总体系统属性。这些属性可包括但不限于市场性、外观、一致性、鲁棒性、客户可接受度、可靠性、准确性等。这样，被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其他实施例或现有技术实施方式合意的实施例不在本公开的范围之外，且可期望用于特定应用。

Claims (18)

1.一种混合动力车辆的动力传动系组件，包括：
燃烧式发动机的输入轴；和
棘轮机构，包括棘爪、固定地连接到输入轴的凸轮齿轮、第一弹簧以及第二弹簧，其中，所述棘爪包括第一侧和第二侧以及第一端和第二端，第一弹簧位于所述第一侧并邻近于所述第一端，第二弹簧位于所述第二侧并邻近于所述第二端，
其中，棘轮机构与输入轴布置为使棘爪选择性地运动以接合凸轮齿轮，从而防止输入轴的旋转以使燃烧式发动机制动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系组件，其中，第一弹簧和第二弹簧与棘爪布置为使第一弹簧和第二弹簧朝向彼此偏置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系组件，其中，凸轮齿轮安装到与输入轴旋转连通的承载面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系组件，还包括螺线管，螺线管与致动器机械连通并与控制器电通信，其中，控制器被配置为：选择性地激活螺线管，以引导致动器的运动而使棘爪与凸轮齿轮接合或分离。
5.根据权利要求4所述的动力传动系组件，其中，螺线管安装在棘轮机构的基座、变速器壳体和棘爪之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系组件，其中，棘轮机构还包括与变速器壳体一体形成并支撑棘轮机构的基座。
7.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系组件，其中，棘轮机构还包括杆，所述杆与棘爪布置为使棘爪沿着由杆限定的轴线竖直平移。
8.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系组件，其中，棘轮机构包括基座，所述基座在邻近于凸轮齿轮的位置处安装到变速器壳体以支撑棘轮机构。
9.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系组件，其中，所述第一端包括倾斜表面和竖直表面，其中，凸轮齿轮包括齿，所述齿成形为使得当棘爪与凸轮齿轮接合时，竖直表面防止凸轮齿轮沿第一方向旋转，并且倾斜表面允许凸轮齿轮沿第二方向旋转。
10.一种混合动力车辆动力传动系组件，包括：
燃烧式发动机；
电机；
输入轴，用于选择性地连接发动机和电机；
棘轮机构，包括与变速器壳体一体形成的基座、固定地连接到输入轴的凸轮齿轮、棘爪、第一弹簧、第二弹簧和用于使棘爪运动的致动器；和
控制器，被配置为：响应于接收到发动机制动命令，向致动器输出接合命令以使棘爪朝向凸轮齿轮运动而接合，从而防止输入轴旋转，
其中，第一弹簧和第二弹簧布置在棘爪的相对两端和相反两侧并相反地偏置，使棘爪沿着由安装有棘爪的杆限定的轴线竖直平移。
11.根据权利要求10所述的组件，其中，第二弹簧安装到棘爪的下侧，使棘爪的运动偏置远离凸轮齿轮以防止棘爪无意接合到凸轮齿轮。
12.根据权利要求10所述的组件，其中，棘轮机构还包括螺线管，螺线管与控制器电通信，以从控制器接收激活致动器而使棘爪与凸轮齿轮接合或分离的命令信号。
13.根据权利要求12所述的组件，其中，螺线管经由支架附连到变速器壳体。
14.根据权利要求10所述的组件，其中，凸轮齿轮安装到与输入轴旋转连通的承载面。
15.根据权利要求10所述的组件，其中，棘爪的一端限定倾斜表面和竖直表面，其中，凸轮齿轮包括齿，所述齿成形为使得当棘爪与凸轮齿轮接合时，竖直表面防止凸轮齿轮沿第一方向旋转，并且倾斜表面允许凸轮齿轮沿第二方向旋转。
16.一种用于控制混合动力车辆动力传动系的方法，包括：
响应于接收到发动机制动命令，经由控制器输出命令以使棘轮机构接合连接到发动机的输入轴，从而防止输入轴旋转，
其中，棘轮机构包括位于棘爪的相对两端和相反两侧并相反地偏置的两个弹簧，以影响棘爪沿着由支撑棘爪进行平移的杆限定的轴线竖直平移。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中，棘轮机构进一步包括与控制器电通信的螺线管，其中，所述方法还包括：经由控制器向螺线管输出发动机制动命令以使棘轮机构和输入轴接合而使发动机制动。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，还包括：响应于换挡器处于倒挡位置的存在，经由控制器输出命令以使棘轮机构接合输入轴而使发动机制动。
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