CN108016269A - 牵引电池安装组件和固定方法 - Google Patents

牵引电池安装组件和固定方法 Download PDF

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CN108016269A
CN108016269A CN201711011688.3A CN201711011688A CN108016269A CN 108016269 A CN108016269 A CN 108016269A CN 201711011688 A CN201711011688 A CN 201711011688A CN 108016269 A CN108016269 A CN 108016269A
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traction battery
damper
vehicle frame
fixed
mounting assembly
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CN108016269B (zh
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哈里·克里希纳·阿登吉
胜宏木本
帕克斯·丹尼尔·马奎尔
凯文·A·蒙哥马利
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/3605—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by their material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
    • F16F1/3835—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type characterised by the sleeve of elastic material, e.g. having indentations or made of materials of different hardness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/48—Vibration dampers, e.g. dual mass flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B60Y2410/115—Electric wiring; Electric connectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components

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Abstract

示例性牵引电池安装组件包括牵引电池和阻尼器，阻尼器将牵引电池固定到车架上，以使得牵引电池当被固定到车架时可以相对于车架一起移动。示例性牵引电池固定方法包括将牵引电池固定在牵引电池被安装到车架上的安装位置。当处于安装位置时，牵引电池相对于车架可移动。

Description

牵引电池安装组件和固定方法
技术领域
本公开涉及将牵引电池安装到电动车辆的车架上，并且更具体地，涉及允许牵引电池相对于车架的某些移动的安装组件和固定方法。
背景技术
电动车辆与常规机动车辆不同，因为电动车辆使用由牵引电池供电的一个或多个电机被选择性地驱动。电机可以代替内燃机或附加于内燃机来驱动电动车辆。示例电动车辆包括混合动力电动车辆(HEV)、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、燃料电池车辆(FCV)和电池电动车辆(BEV)。
牵引电池可用于选择性地为电动车辆的电机和其他电负载供电。牵引电池包括多个互连的电池单元，其存储用于为这些电负载供电的能量。牵引电池可以刚性地直接固定到电动车辆的车架上，并且可以使用金属引线电接地到车架。
发明内容
根据示例性非限制性实施例的一种牵引电池安装组件，除了别的之外，包括牵引电池和将牵引电池固定到车架的阻尼器。牵引电池当被固定在车架上时可以相对于车架一起移动。
在上述组件的另一示例中，阻尼器是导电的，使得牵引电池通过阻尼器电接地到车架。
在任何上述组件的另一示例中，阻尼器的阻尼部分是导电的并且相对于固定到阻尼器的牵引电池的一部分是可压缩的。
在任何上述组件的另一示例中，阻尼部分包括分布在弹性体材料内的导电材料。
任何上述组件的另一示例包括外衬套、内衬套和阻尼器的阻尼部分。阻尼部分将外衬套固定到内衬套上。
在任何上述组件的另一示例中，外衬套或内衬套中的一个直接固定到牵引电池，并且外衬套或内衬套中的另一个直接固定到车架上。
在任何上述组件的另一示例中，引线将牵引电池电接地到车辆。
在任何上述组件的另一示例中，牵引电池的第一支架直接固定到阻尼器，并且车辆的第二支架直接固定到阻尼器。
在任何上述组件的另一示例中，第一支架与第二支架完全间隔开，使得当阻尼器将牵引电池固定到车架上时，第一支架的任何部分都不接触第二支架的任何部分。
在任何上述组件的另一示例中，阻尼器将牵引电池固定到车辆的车身底部。
一种牵引电池固定方法，除了别的之外，包括将牵引电池固定在牵引电池被安装到车架上的安装位置。当处于安装位置时，牵引电池相对于车架可移动。
上述方法的另一示例包括当牵引电池处于安装位置时阻尼牵引电池相对于车架的移动。
在任何上述方法的另一示例中，牵引电池通过阻尼器固定到车架。
任何上述方法的另一示例包括通过阻尼器将牵引电池电接地到车架。
任何上述方法的另一个示例包括用于使牵引电池接地的路径延伸穿过分布在阻尼器的弹性体材料内的金属材料。
在任何上述方法的另一示例中，固定包括将牵引电池的第一支架直接固定到阻尼器并将车架的第二支架直接固定到阻尼器。
在任何上述方法的另一示例中，阻尼器包括固定到第一支架的第一衬套、固定到第二支架的第二衬套和将第一衬套连接到第二衬套的阻尼部分。
任何上述方法的另一示例包括通过从牵引电池延伸到车架的金属引线将牵引电池电接地到车架。
根据本发明，提供一种牵引电池安装组件，包括：
牵引电池；以及
导电阻尼器，该导电阻尼器将牵引电池固定到车架，使得牵引电池当被固定到车架时可以相对于车架一起移动。
附图说明
通过详细描述，所公开的示例的各种特征和优点对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。伴随详细说明的图可以简要描述如下：
图1示出了电动车辆的示例动力传动系统的示意图；
图2示出了具有图1的动力传动系统的电动车辆的侧视图，并且该电动车辆具有剖开的并且分解出以示出电动车辆的牵引电池的选定部分；
图3示出了将图2的牵引电池固定到安装位置的车架的安装组件的特写透视图；
图4示出了图3中的线3-3处的安装组件的截面图；
图4A示出了安装组件的阻尼器中的阻尼部分的特写视图；
图5示出了来自图3的安装组件的阻尼器的透视图。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及将牵引电池安装到电动车辆的车架上。当牵引电池固定到车架上时，阻尼器允许牵引电池相对于车架的一些移动。在一些实施例中，牵引电池通过阻尼器接地到车架。这些和其他特征将在本详细描述的以下段落中更详细地讨论。
图1示意性地示出了用于电动车辆的动力传动系统10。尽管被描述为混合动力电动车辆(HEV)，但是应当理解，本文所述的概念不限于HEV，并且可以扩展到任何其他类型的电动车辆，包括但不限于插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、电池电动车辆(BEV)、燃料电池车辆等。
动力传动系统10包括具有多个电池阵列18的电池组14、内燃机20、马达22和发电机24。马达22和发电机24是电机的类型。马达22和发电机24可以是分离的或具有组合的马达-发电机的形式。
在该实施例中，动力传动系统10是采用第一驱动系统和第二驱动系统的动力分配动力传动系统。第一和第二驱动系统产生扭矩以驱动一组或多组车辆驱动轮28。第一驱动系统包括发动机20和发电机24的组合。第二驱动系统至少包括马达22、发电机24和牵引电池14。马达22和发电机24是动力传动系统10的电驱动系统的部分。
发动机20和发电机24可以通过诸如行星齿轮组的动力传递单元30连接。当然，可以使用包括其它齿轮组和变速器的其他类型的动力传递单元将发动机20连接到发电机24。在一个非限制性实施例中，动力传递单元30是包括环形齿轮32、中心齿轮34和齿轮架总成36的行星齿轮组。
发动机24可以由发动机20通过动力传递单元30驱动，以将动能转换成电能。发电机24可以替代地用作马达，以将电能转换为动能，从而向连接到动力传递单元30的轴38输出扭矩。
动力传递单元30的环形齿轮32连接到轴40，轴40通过第二动力传递单元44连接到车辆驱动轮28。第二动力传递单元44可以包括具有多个齿轮46的齿轮组。在其他示例中可以使用其他动力传递单元。
齿轮46将扭矩从发动机20传递到差速器48，以最终为车辆驱动轮28提供牵引力。差速器48可以包括能够将转矩传递到车辆驱动轮28的多个齿轮。在该示例中，第二动力传递单元44通过差速器48机械联接到车桥50，以将扭矩分配到车辆驱动轮28。
马达22可以被选择性地用于通过将扭矩输出到也连接到第二动力传递单元44的轴52来驱动车辆驱动轮28。在本实施例中，马达22和发电机24配合作为再生制动系统的一部分，其中马达22和发电机24均可用作马达以输出扭矩。例如，马达22和发电机24可以各自输出电力以对牵引电池14的电池单元再充电。
现在参考图2和图3，动力传动系统10的牵引电池14使用至少一个安装组件62固定到车辆60的车架58上。
车辆60包括动力传动系统10。车辆60是HEV。在另一示例中，车辆60可以是全电动车辆。
车架58是车辆60的底盘的一部分。当牵引电池14固定在车架58上时，牵引电池14被固定到车辆60的车身底部并且在车辆60的乘客舱外。图3示出了在牵引电池14安装到车架58的安装位置的牵引电池14。
通常，安装组件62包括牵引电池14的支架66、车架58的支架70和阻尼器74。在一些非限制性实施例中，牵引电池14通过四个单独的安装组件固定到车架78上。在这种示例中，牵引电池14可以具有大致矩形的轮廓，其中单独的安装组件设置在牵引电池14的每个拐角处。
牵引电池14将电池阵列18保持在外罩82内。在一些示例中，外罩82是金属材料。在其他示例中，外罩82是聚合物材料。
支架66刚性地固定到牵引电池14的外罩82上。在一个非限制性实施例中，支架66和外壳82是金属的，并且支架66和外罩82彼此焊接。在另一个非限制性实施例中，外罩82是聚合物材料，并且支架66使用一个或多个机械紧固件(例如螺纹紧固件)固定到外罩82。
包括支架70的支架58是金属的。例如，支架70可以通过焊接点与车架58的其余部分刚性连接。在另一非限制性实施例中，支架70使用一个或多个机械紧固件(例如螺纹紧固件)固定到车架58。
安装组件62的阻尼器74将牵引电池14与从车架78施加到牵引电池14上的至少一些力隔离。如果例如由于车辆60在不平坦的地形上行驶而使车架78振动，则由于阻尼器74，牵引电池14上的振动负载将被阻尼。阻尼延长了传递的冲击力的时间，从而降低了负载的峰值力。
现在参考图4-5，继续参考图2和图3，在示例性非限制性实施例中，阻尼器74包括外衬套84、内衬套88以及外衬套84和内衬套88之间的阻尼部分92。在该示例中，外衬套84和内衬套88各自为圆柱形。阻尼部分92将外衬套84固定到内衬套88上。
外衬套84的径向外表面96刚性地固定到牵引电池14的支架66上，并且外衬套84的径向内表面98附着到阻尼部分92上。例如，支架66可以用焊接点102焊接到径向外表面96。
内衬套88的径向外表面106附着到阻尼部分92，并且径向内表面108提供孔112。机械紧固件116延伸穿过孔112以与支架70的焊接螺母120接合。焊接螺母120例如用焊接点122刚性地固定到支架70的其余部分。
机械紧固件116被向下扭转以将阻尼器74固定到支架70。当固定时，内衬套88直接接触支架70。当固定时，外衬套84和阻尼部分92与支架70间隔开。
在示例性非限制性实施例中，阻尼部分92是导电的。阻尼部分92可以是例如弹性体和导电性的高碳橡胶。
在其它非限制性实施例中，阻尼部分92是导电的，因为阻尼部分92包括弹性体材料100和嵌入弹性体材料100内的导电材料104。在这种示例中，弹性体材料100可以是聚硅氧烷100A，并且导电材料104可以是分布在硅氧烷(图4A)内的定向金属线104A。其它示例性的阻尼部分92可以包括金属化填充的聚硅氧烷或嵌入有丝网的聚硅氧烷。
阻尼部分92相对于外衬套84和内衬套88是可压缩的。弹性体材料100允许外衬套84相对于内衬套88移动和弯曲。当外衬套84和支架66刚性地连接时，外衬套84与支架66一起移动。当内衬套88和支架70刚性地连接时，内衬套88与支架70一起移动。
阻尼部分92可以允许外衬套84相对于内衬套88围绕孔112的轴线A转动。阻尼部分92可以允许外衬套84相对于内衬套88和轴线A倾斜。
如果阻尼部分92是导电的，则阻尼部分92可以提供牵引电池14和车架78之间的电接地路径的一部分。电接地路径可以从牵引电池14的支架66穿过外衬套84、穿过阻尼部分92的导电材料104、穿过内衬套88延伸到车架78的支架70。因此，当阻尼部分92导电时，牵引电池14通过阻尼器74与车架78电接地。
支架66与第二支架70间隔开，使得当阻尼器74将牵引电池14固定到车架58时，支架66的任何部分都不接触支架70的任何部分。通过阻尼部分92的电接地允许支架66和支架70之间的间隔，而不需要单独的接地结构。
如果阻尼部分92不是导电的，则可以使用单独的结构，例如引线110(图3所示)，以将牵引电池14电接地到车架78。引线110可以是例如编织线。如果阻尼部分92是导电的，则可以省略引线110。
一些所公开的示例的特征包括使用将牵引电池与至少一些车辆负载隔离的安装组件将牵引电池安装到车架。在一些实施例中，隔离牵引电池的阻尼器提供用于将牵引电池电接地到车架的接地部分。当阻尼器用于接地时，可能不需要单独的接地线。
值得注意的是，安装组件将牵引电池与车架负载隔离。将例如内燃机固定到车架上的安装组件可保护车架免受发动机负载的影响。
本公开的教导可以特别适用于经历高负载和振动的车辆，例如卡车。
前面的描述本质上是示例性的而不是限制性的。对所公开的示例的变化和修改可以对于本领域技术人员来说变得显而易见，这些变化和修改不一定偏离本公开的实质。因此，给予本公开的法律保护的范围只能通过研究权利要求来确定。

Claims (15)

1.一种牵引电池安装组件，包括：
牵引电池；以及
阻尼器，所述阻尼器将所述牵引电池固定到车架，以使得所述牵引电池当被固定到所述车架时可以相对于所述车架一起移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池安装组件，其中所述阻尼器是导电的，使得所述牵引电池通过所述阻尼器电接地到所述车架。
3.根据权利要求2所述的牵引电池安装组件，其中所述阻尼器的阻尼部分是导电的并且相对于固定到所述阻尼器的所述牵引电池的一部分是可压缩的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的牵引电池安装组件，其中所述阻尼部分包括分布在弹性体材料内的导电材料。
5.根据权利要求2所述的牵引电池安装组件，还包括外衬套、内衬套和所述阻尼器的阻尼部分，所述阻尼部分将所述外衬套固定到所述内衬套。
6.根据权利要求5所述的牵引电池安装组件，其中所述外衬套或所述内衬套中的一个直接固定到所述牵引电池，并且所述外衬套或所述内衬套中的另一个直接固定到所述车架。
7.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池安装组件，还包括将所述牵引电池电接地到所述车辆的引线。
8.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池安装组件，还包括所述牵引电池上的直接固定到所述阻尼器的第一支架和所述车辆上的直接固定到所述阻尼器的第二支架，并且可选地，其中所述第一支架与所述第二支架完全间隔开，使得当所述阻尼器将所述牵引电池固定到所述车架时，所述第一支架的任何部分都不接触所述第二支架的任何部分。
9.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池安装组件，其中所述阻尼器将所述牵引电池固定到所述车辆的车身底部。
10.一种牵引电池固定方法，包括：
将牵引电池固定在所述牵引电池安装到车架上的安装位置，当处于所述安装位置时，所述牵引电池相对于所述车架可移动。
11.根据权利要求10所述的牵引电池固定方法，还包括当所述牵引电池处于所述安装位置时，阻尼所述牵引电池相对于所述车架的移动。
12.根据权利要求10所述的牵引电池固定方法，其中所述牵引电池通过阻尼器固定到所述车架，并且可选地，还包括通过所述阻尼器将所述牵引电池电接地到所述车架。
13.根据权利要求12所述的牵引电池固定方法，其中用于使所述牵引电池接地的路径延伸穿过分布在所述阻尼器的弹性体材料内的金属材料。
14.根据权利要求12所述的牵引电池固定方法，其中所述固定包括将所述牵引电池的第一支架直接固定到所述阻尼器并将所述车架的第二支架直接固定到所述阻尼器，并且可选地，其中所述阻尼器包括固定到所述第一支架的第一衬套、固定到所述第二支架的第二衬套和将所述第一衬套连接到所述第二衬套的阻尼部分。
15.根据权利要求10所述的牵引电池固定方法，还包括通过从所述牵引电池延伸到所述车架的金属引线将所述牵引电池电接地到所述车架。
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