CN1080128C - 柔软吸液片和其制造方法 - Google Patents

柔软吸液片和其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1080128C
CN1080128C CN92108690A CN92108690A CN1080128C CN 1080128 C CN1080128 C CN 1080128C CN 92108690 A CN92108690 A CN 92108690A CN 92108690 A CN92108690 A CN 92108690A CN 1080128 C CN1080128 C CN 1080128C
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G·肖韦
P·拉马西埃里
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Abstract

一种有高吸液性,柔性及弹性的片体,其中有纤维不分离纤维浆纸板,纸板中含有效量的舒解剂及交键纤维素纤维;适合用作一次用吸液制品的吸液组件,制品诸如卫生巾,尿布,失禁垫,成人三角裤,伤口敷裹料等。发明还延伸到吸液片制造方法,延伸到用吸液片的一次用吸液制品,并延伸到纤维不分离纤维素浆纸板素提高弹性,吸液性及柔性的方法。

Description

柔软吸液片和其制造方法
本发明与人体排出液吸收结构的制造技艺有关。本发明具体有关一种高吸液性,柔软而有弹性的纤维不分离纤维素纸浆材料,制作一种柔软吸液组件,极适宜用于一次用吸液制品,诸如卫生、尿布、失禁垫,成人三角裤,伤口敷裹料等等。本发明还延伸到吸液纤维素纸浆材料的制造方法,延伸到使用吸液纤维素材料的一次用吸液制品,并延伸到提高纤维不分离的纤维素纸浆材料的弹性,吸液性能及柔性等的方法。
许多一次用吸水物件使用纤维素纸浆蓬松材料作吸液芯。这种芯料一般很柔软,可弯曲并吸水,但倾向于臃肿肥厚,且毛细渗湿(wicking)性能差。并且纤维浆蓬松芯的结构稳定性差,潮湿后易压扁。
毛细渗湿性差的吸液结构,可能增高液制品储存体液的性能遭破坏的可能性。体液集中在毛细渗湿性不良的吸液芯的某一区域,造成这种区域的饱和现象,从而过多的体液可能通过吸液制品的外表面溢出。这种溢流可能接触使用人的衣服,造成污迹,或接触使用人的身体,造成腌渍或皮疹。因此按理想能提出一种一次用吸液物件的吸液芯,可将和吸液芯接触的接触点上的体液芯吸并将其通过吸液芯扩散,更有效利用吸液芯的全部表面。这种吸液芯毛细作用吸水性能的提高,提供液体在吸液芯全部表面面积上通过毛细作用散布。因为有较大的吸液容积,供这种毛细作用吸收体液因此可用较薄的芯。吸液芯较薄可证明使用者较舒适,用于衣服内时,较雅观而不显眼。
毛细渗湿性优良的吸液芯中有泥炭苔绒及木浆的复合材料,例如在美国专利4,170,515;4,226,237;4,215691;4,507,112;4,676,871;4,473,440等号中有叙述。以上专利中描述了,用泥炭苔绒作主要吸液芯组件的吸液芯结构,通过将纤维用气流成网或湿法成网形成片体,将片体辊压至相当薄,即厚度约0.01至0.1英寸,并相当紧密,即密度约0.2至1.0克/立方厘米的结构。可通过机械柔化(mechanical tende-rizing),诸如通过美国专利4,596,567号所述的刺孔轧纹法(perfembossing),美国专利第4,605,402号所述的微楞法(micro-corrugating),将吸水泥炭苔绒片加工,以提高其柔性。
这样形成的泥炭苔绒片,有大比例的极小的孔和毛细管,使之有吸收并大量保持液体的性能。泥炭苔绒微孔吸收液体时膨胀,然而这膨胀不使进一步吸液的能力下降。相反,膨胀有助于片体保持液体的能力,而一般能保持使用中的吸液芯的结构完整性。
上述泥炭苔绒片的毛细渗湿性能,使片体有高吸液性能而体薄。上述的刺孔轧纹法和/或微楞法可提高泥炭苔绒的柔性。
虽然可用泥炭苔绒片制作一次用吸液物件的优良吸水性的吸液芯,但有局限性。泥炭苔绒并非随处可得其在重要原料缺乏的地区,即缺乏有理想生长龄,结构和含水量的泥炭苔藓或水藓的地区。泥炭苔绒片还有相当深的颜色,不一定在任何吸液制品中都在美学方面适合。
鉴于以上所述,按理想应提出一种一次用吸液物件的薄的、吸液性好的吸液芯,可以取代泥炭苔绒片,或纤维素浆蓬松片。
试图使用其他纤维素纸浆材料,诸如牛皮木浆纸板作吸液芯未获成功,因为吸液性能倾向于不及泥炭苔绒复合片,但更重要的是牛皮木浆纸板不够柔软,不能达到使用目的。虽然这种牛皮木浆纸板的柔性及其它性能,可用刺孔轧纹和/或微楞技术改善,这种制品仍不能提供吸液芯与渗液性的理想结构,芯吸速率,和在一次用吸液制品最佳化使用中重要的柔软度,吸液制品包括包装材料,止血垫,尤其如卫生巾等。
因此,本发明的一个目的,是提出一种吸液纤维素浆片,结构中不使用泥炭苔绒,但有足够的吸湿性性能,和相当短的液体吸收时间,有良好的柔性和弹性,供在一次用吸液物件中使用。这种制品的最佳化柔性,要求制品舒适柔软,对佩用人柔顺,但在干与湿状态下承受应力时,有足够的硬度和强度,足以抵抗成团或断裂。
本发明的另一目的,是提出这种吸液纤维素浆片的一种制造方法。
本发明的又一目的,是提出使用这种纤维素浆片作吸液组件的一次用吸液制品。
本发明的的又一目的,是提出一种提高纤维不分离的纤维素纸浆材料的柔软性,弹性及吸液性等的方法。
在传统上,纤维素纸浆蓬松体的制作,通过将高密度的纤维素浆纸板,用磨机研磨,对纤维间的自然粘合作机械性破坏,产生纤维网络结构,即所谓的“蓬松体”,使其有非常高的空穴体积。在将纤维素浆纸板制成蓬松材料的任何方法中,一个重要的经济因素为研磨机运转的能源费用。一般认为无论使用任何制造设备,能源费用是总制造支出中的一个重要成分。
为降低研磨机的能源消耗,通常在纤维浆纸板中加舒解剂,造成位阻现象起降低纤维素纤维结合力的作用。结果,纤维素浆纸板纤维分离需要的能源减少。最常用的纤维舒解剂,可从各种来源购买,以季铵化合物为主要成分。1983年8月30日授与Kimberly-Clark公司的加拿大专利第1,152,710号,叙述了一种这类舒解剂。美国专利第4,482,429号说明书第四栏,8-36行;美国专利第3,972,855号,4,144,122号;和4,432,833号中,都对舒解剂有说明和揭示。全部这些文献本文引述以作参考。曾有建议提出用舒解剂处理纤维素浆纸板,然后将舒解的纸浆板刺孔轧纹,将其硬度降低到可用于作一次用吸液制品吸液芯的水平。将舒解法与刺孔轧纹法结合,使可提高纤维浆纸板的吸液性及柔性。
作为化学舒解剂的取代,有建议在纤维浆纸板中加交键纤维素纤维,形成高蓬松度的弹性结构,作用为保持纤维浆纸板的纤维间的某一间距,降低纤维网络的内聚性。举例如1989年8月1日颁发威尔豪塞尔公司的美国专利第4,853,086号,叙述了一种制造这种交键纤维素纤维的方法。这方法主要包括用有乙二醇和二醛水溶液的纤维素纤维,喷成一个湿的或半湿纤维网。
本发明人等在纤维素浆纸板中加了一种舒解剂,和交键纤维素纤维,获得意料未及的发现,产生了协同效果,大为提高纸板的弹性,柔性和吸液性(在本说明书中,“吸液性”仅指吸取一个物体吸取液体的能力,无论物体的持液性能如何。例如,为计量进入蓄液层的液体而设的复合吸液结构的传液层,下文中将叙述为吸液能力,虽然其持液性很差),形成一种吸液性强的软片,可用以作一次用吸液制品的纤维不分解形式的吸液组件,制品有如卫生巾,尿布,成人三角裤,失禁垫,伤口敷料等等。这种吸液结构的一个特别重要的优点,在于不要求有纤维分离的作用,可很大降低吸液结构的制造成本。
舒解剂(在本说明书中,应认为“舒解剂”包括任何对纤维素纤维起化学作用的介质,由于的位阻现象作用可减少纤维间的氢键键合)与交键纤维素纤维配合,提供使纤维素材料纤维网络松弛所需的重要成分。具体而言,舒解剂使纤维间结合弱化,而交键纤维素纤维,由于其内在弹性,提供膨胀力,使纤维互相推离。造成的纤维网络的空穴体积,足以提供优良的吸液能力,和高吸液率(fluid acceptance rate),而使时,保持吸液结构的整体性不被损坏的水平。纤维间距的增大,还使纤维网络可不用大力便可弯曲,停止加变形力时即恢复原状。这些性能有潜在的舒适性,使纤维不分离的纤维素吸液片,可用于贴身的一次用吸液制品的吸液组件。
重要的是:在湿态下,吸液纤维素片特别稳定,吸液后仅显示有限的压扁。这种现象归功于交键纤维素纤维在有液体介质存在时,可保持吸液纤维素片纤维的分离关系。
本发明因此提出用于一次用吸液制品的弹性柔软吸液片,其中有纤维不分离纤维素浆板,板中含有效量的舒解剂及交键纤维素纤维,而该纤维素浆纸板含交键纤维素纤维,含量在该浆板的纤维素干燥重量中,在占约1至约99%的范围内,并该舒解剂在该纤维素浆纸板中,占该浆板的纤维素的干燥重量,在约0.05%至约10%范围内,
用刺孔压印或轧纹法等,将吸液纤维素片作机械性柔化,提高其柔性,以进一步提高潜在舒适性有利。
制造吸液芯纤维素片的原料,最好选自包括硫酸盐,亚硫酸盐,舒解的,漂白,或不漂白等的牛皮木纸浆;预热法机械木浆;预热法木片化学磨木浆;氯漂白木浆;过氧化氢漂白木浆等的一个组合。
如按本发明所实施,并如本文所概略叙述,本发明又包括制造一种纤维不分离的吸液片的方法,包括有步骤在纤维素纸板中,掺入有效量的交键纤维素纤维和舒解剂,以提高该纤维素浆纸板的弹性,柔性及吸液性。
在一个理想实施例中,将交键纤维素纤维,掺入用于制造纤维素浆纸板的纤维素浆液中。然后将浆液制成纤维网,脱水后成为有高弹性和柔性的吸水纤维片。可将舒解剂掺入浆液中,或通过喷雾,浸渍或接触的方法(Kissing),将干燥或半干燥状态的舒解剂布覆在纤维网上。
如本发明所实施,并如本文概略叙述,本发明还提出一种提高纤维不分离的纤维素浆纸板的弹性,柔性及吸液性的方法,其中包括有步骤,将有效量的舒解剂及交键纤维素纤维,掺入该纤维浆纸板中。
如按本发明所实施,并如本文概述,本发明还涉及一种一次用层叠吸液制品,诸如卫生巾,尿巾,成人三角裤,失禁垫,伤口敷裹料等等,其中有下列各项:
a)渗液覆盖面层;
b)不渗液衬底层,与该渗液面层有基本平行面分离的关系;
c)该两层间的吸液组件,该吸液组件中有纤维不分离的纤维素浆纸板,其中含有效量的舒解剂和交键纤维素纤维,以提高该纸浆板的弹性,柔性和吸水性。
本发明的吸液纤维素片还可用于其他吸液制品,诸如止血塞的插条,或作包装材料的干燥剂,运输或贮存时保持货物干燥。
图1为纤维素浆纸板原始形式的纤维水平的理想形态下的透视图,即纤维素纤维间不含氢键键合阻滞剂;
图2示出图1中纤维素浆纸板网络,其中已掺入交键纤维素纤维;
图3为图2所示纤维网络的理想形态视图,其中已掺入舒解剂;
图4为有本发明吸液纤维素片的卫生巾分解透视图。
图1为原始形式的纤维素浆纸板纤维网络10,示出高度放大比例理想形态下的透视图。应理解图示仅为解说,并不一定与纤维素浆纸板的实际材料结构一致。
纤维素网络10包括分别的纤维素纤维12,按任意方向放置,互相通过氢键键合。纤维12形成高密度内聚网络,互相间仅有有限的空穴体积。这样便成为吸液芯性能低,并且相对不舒适的刚性结构,使纤维素浆纸板不适宜用作一次用吸水制品的吸水层。
为降低纤维网络10的内聚性,主要为了便于作机械性纤维分离,先有技术公开了在纤维网络10中掺入交键纤维素纤维,形成高蓬松性弹性结构,起纤维12互相间有形的分离作用。
图2概示含交键纤维素纤维16的纤维素纤维网络14。交键纤维16形成三向框架形结构,其中均匀散布纤维12,并且由于其内在弹性,将纤维12互相推离。但是,据信纤维12间的氢键键合仍然非常牢固,远远超过交键纤维素纤维16抗变形的能力。于是,三向框架形结构基本处于压扁状态,纤维网络14的内聚性仅有限减小。纤维网络14的结构整体性的减少,很大地减少了纤维机械性分离的能源消耗,然而,不足以改进吸液性,弹性及柔性,使纤维网络14可有利用于一次用吸液制品中的吸液组件。
本文将不叙述交键纤维素16的制造方法,因为这技术在专利文献中有详细记载。例如,美国专利第4,853,086号揭示了一种制造交键纤维素纤维的方法,通过喷雾形成含有乙二醇和二醛水溶液的潮湿或半湿的纤维素纤维网。这专利文献的全部揭示内容,本文引述以作参考。
图3所示经用舒解剂处理的纤维素浆纸板其含交键纤维素纤维16。显然纤维网络18比纤维网络14松弛很多,显现有较大的纤维间距,转变为空穴体积较大,并提高总蓬松度。与图2所示纤维网络14比较,蓬松度的很大提高,归功于舒解剂抑制纤维间的氢键键合,减小将交键纤维素纤维16形成的三向框架形结构压扁的力。于是,由于三向框架形结构能在变形后回弹或恢复原形,故可将整个纤维网络18膨胀。
纤维网络18用于一次用吸液制品的纤维不分离形式的吸液组件有利,制品有如卫生巾,尿布,失禁垫,成人三角裤,伤口敷裹料等等。可提供优异的吸液性能,诸如良好容量,高吸液率,和良好的芯吸性能。并且,因为柔软故有良好的潜在舒适性,形成的吸液制品使身体的使用部位非常舒适,从而提供了良好的密封垫性质,即可服贴身体表面。此外,纤维网络18可在干湿状态下都保持完整。并且,吸液后,压扁的程度相当小,有液体介质时仍可提供良好的结构完整性。
通过将纤维网络18的密度变化,便可按照用途的要求,特别规定纤维网络18的各种吸液特点。例如,通过减小纤维网络18的密度,便可以降低持液能力及容量作代价,提高吸液率。这种结构在复合吸液组件中适宜作输液层,测量输入蓄液层的液体。与之相反,增大密度便对蓄液层的吸液能力有利。对单层的吸液结构,密度被选定来在各吸液特性间提供必要的平衡。
本发明的吸液纤维素浆片,其制造通过在纤维浆材料的浆液中,掺入按美国专利第4,853,086号一般叙述的方法制作的交键纤维素纤维。交键纤维素纤维在浆液中占据的比例,约在纤维干燥重量的1%至99%范围内。
又将适宜的舒解剂加入纤维素材料的浆液,约占纤维素干燥重量的0.05%至10%。据发现有一种亲水性舒解剂较理想。(“亲水性舒解剂”所指,为可保持纤维素材料的亲水性质)。美国专利第4,432,833号揭示各种亲水性季铵舒解剂,国专利第3,972,855号及4,144,122号揭示的各种舒解剂,包括市售的BEROCELL 584舒解剂,特别适合用作本发明的舒解剂。对这些专利中揭示的各种舒解剂,本文引述以作参考。
将浆液形成纤维网,脱水后形成吸液纤维素片。
在一个改型中,可在浆液形成纤维网后,加入纤维素材料。例如,可在纤维网的一侧或两侧喷涂舒解剂,或将纤维网在舒解剂溶液中浸渍,作较深的渗透。此外,也可使用接触(Kissing)技术,如1960年4月26日颁发美国Chicopee制造公司的加拿大专利第596,894号所述。该文献的全部揭示内容,本文引述以作参考。
制作纤维素材料浆液的原料,选自包括硫酸盐,亚硫酸盐,舒解的,漂白或不漂白等的牛皮木浆;预热法机械木浆;预热法木片化学磨木浆;氯漂白木浆;过氧化氢漂白木浆以及其混合物的一个组合。
为将吸水纤维素片进一步柔软化,并提高其弯折性,可通过刺孔轧纹法或微楞法使之接受机械柔化,如1986年6月24日及1985年12月17日颁发个人用品公司的专利第4,596,567及4,559,050号中一般叙述(本文引述以作对照)。
概括而言,刺孔轧纹法包括用剪切动作刺孔,在吸液纤维素片的许多地点,通过将纤维网络18的整体性在局部上破坏,将结构开敞。然后将吸液纤维素片在有交织槽道的辊子间通过,在吸液纤维素片上加纵横压纹。制作的压纹线构成铰链,可很大提高纤维素片的可弯曲性。
微楞法操作与刺孔轧纹法相似,仅不作刺孔。吸液纤维素片仅经过横向轧纹过程,制作密集的铰链线。
图4示出本发明吸液纤维素片卫生巾。用标图号20标志的卫生巾,有一个套22,围成内空间,容纳吸液组件24。套22有用非织造织物或任何其他适当的多孔纤维网制作的渗液面层25,和用诸如聚乙烯薄膜制作的不渗液底层26。面层25及底层26沿边部互相热封。
吸液组件24可有单层或双层的构形。单层的如图4所示,吸液组件24为用本发明吸液纤维素片构成的垫件。双层的(图未示)吸液组件有上层,称为传液层,及下层,称为蓄液层。吸液纤维素片特别适合用作传液层,因为有高吸液率,加以与用任何适当的高吸液持液材料制作的蓄液层有密切的传液关系。在一种改型中,可用吸液纤维素片改作蓄液层,或将其密度增大使用,如上文所述。
为将卫生巾20在使用人的衬裤上粘附,可在不渗液的底层26上设一粘剂区,上面覆盖可剥去的衬片(图未示)。
扭知按本发明制作的卫生巾,有非常高的吸液性能,和比较高的吸液率,有大量液体突然在卫生巾上释放时,失误的可能性降低。并且,卫生巾的质地薄而柔软,使用者舒适,伏贴用者身体,贴在身体上时可获良好的密封垫效果。
本发明的范围,可以本文说明,举例,及文中的使用方法作限制,因可作修改而不脱离发明的精神。本发明制品及方法在卫生及其他护理方面的应用,可通过熟悉本领域者当前已知或预期可知的任何关于卫生,失禁处理,医疗及吸液的方法及技术等实现。例如,本发明的吸液制品及方法可应用于伤口裹料或其他可用的吸液制品。因此,本申请的目的,要求包括属于文后权利要求书及与之相当的范围内的对发明所作的修改和变化。

Claims (8)

1.用于一次用吸液制品的弹性柔软吸液片,其中有纤维不分离纤维素浆板,板中含有效量的舒解剂及交键纤维素纤维,而该纤维素浆纸板含交键纤维素纤维,含量在该浆板的纤维素干燥重量中,在占约1至约99%的范围内,并该舒解剂在该纤维素浆纸板中,占该浆板的纤维素的干燥重量,在约0.05%至约10%范围内。
2.如权利要求1所界定的吸液片,其特征为将该吸液片用机械法柔化,以提高柔性。
3.如权利要求2所界定的吸液片,其特征为在刺孔轧纹法与微楞法中选用一种方法,将该吸液片用机械法柔化。
4.如权利要求1所界定的吸液片,其特征为该交键纤维素纤维中的纤维素,为经用乙二醇及二醛水溶液处理过的纤维素纤维。
5.如权利要求1所界定的吸液片,其特征为该舒解剂有亲水性。
6.如权利要求1所界定的吸液片,其特征为该纤维素浆纸板含有的材料,选自包括硫酸盐,亚硫酸盐,舒解的,漂白或不漂白等的牛皮木浆;预热法机械木浆;预热法木片化学磨木浆;氯漂白木浆;过氧化氢漂白木浆,以及其混合物等的一个组合。
7.制造纤维不分离吸液片的一种方法,步骤中包括在纤维素浆纸板中掺入有效量的交键纤维素纤维,和舒解剂,以增高该纤维素浆纸板的弹性,柔性及吸液性。
8.如权利要求7所界定的方法,而另有步骤,对该纤维素浆纸板用机械法柔化,以提高其柔性。
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