CN108011159B - Rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-circular waveguide TE01Mode converter - Google Patents
Rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-circular waveguide TE01Mode converter Download PDFInfo
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- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rectangular waveguide TE10 mode-circular waveguide TE01 mode converter, and belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave transmission devices. Comprises a rectangular waveguide power distribution network, a quadrupole waveguide TE01 mode conversion structure, a quadrupole waveguide-circleA waveguide transition structure. TE of standard rectangular waveguide input10The mode is divided into four equal-amplitude TEs through a rectangular waveguide power dividing network10Molding; then simultaneously injecting into the quadrupole waveguide TE01In the mode conversion structure, the TE corresponding to the excitation01A mode; finally, a quadrupole waveguide TE01TE in mode conversion architecture01Mode gradually changed into circular waveguide TE through quadrupole waveguide-circular waveguide transition structure01Mode, realizing rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE01And (4) switching modes. The invention can effectively inhibit the generation of parasitic modes, so that the whole mode converter has the characteristics of high efficiency, high purity and wide frequency band. In addition, the waveguide mode converter has the advantages of compact and simple structure, easy processing and assembly and good engineering practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave transmission devices, and particularly relates to a rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-circular waveguide TE01A mode converter.
Background
The gyrotron traveling wave tube is a microwave millimeter wave amplifier with the characteristics of high power, wide frequency band and high gain, has great application value in the aspects of plasma heating, millimeter wave radar, electronic countermeasure and the like, and is emphasized internationally. Circular waveguide TE01The mode has the characteristics of extremely small wall loss and symmetrical field, and is a common working mode of the gyrotron traveling wave tube. In the development and application of gyrotron traveling wave tubes, low-power tests on high-frequency components, output structures, transition sections and corresponding mode converters, waveguide bends and the like are required to test the performance of the components (devices). The excitation signal output by the signal source is a coaxial TEM mode or a rectangular waveguide TE10Mode conversion into circular waveguide TE01Model of could simulateAnd (5) outputting the gyrotron traveling wave tube. Therefore, a rectangular waveguide TE of high efficiency and high purity is developed10Mode-circular waveguide TE01The mode converter is an important link for developing high-performance and high-power millimeter wave traveling wave tube parts and transmission devices thereof.
In addition, in the millimeter wave band, the device size decreases accordingly as the frequency increases. If a conventional rectangular waveguide TE is used10The mode carries out electromagnetic wave signal transmission, and waveguide ohmic loss is great, is difficult to realize long-distance high-efficient transmission. While the circular waveguide TE01The mode has the characteristic of small ohmic loss, and can ensure the efficiency of long-distance transmission of electromagnetic wave signals. Thus, a rectangular waveguide TE10Mode efficient conversion to high purity circular waveguide TE01The mode has important significance for reducing transmission loss and improving transmission efficiency.
Currently, rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-circular waveguide TE01The mode converter can be implemented with a straight-through coupling, sidewall excitation. The straight-through coupling is such as marie mode converter that first of all TE in rectangular waveguide10Conversion of mode to TE20Mode, reuse of cross-shaped structure to generate TE in cross-shaped waveguide22Mode, finally TE is gradually changed by waveguide22Mode transition to circular waveguide TE01And (5) molding. The mode generated by the conversion mode has high purity, but the structure is complex, the conversion length is long, the requirement on the processing precision is high, the mode is generally realized by an electroplating mode, and the manufacturing cost is high. The side wall excitation mode is to realize TE in a lateral direction by a symmetric or asymmetric excitation mode01The mold is generated, and the structure is compact. Zewei Wu et al use matching structures such as diaphragms and matching cavities to align TE in rectangular waveguide10Mode conversion to TE by side coupling into rectangular waveguide20Mode, reuse of waveguide continuous gradual change structure, TE rectangular waveguide20Mode step-by-step conversion to TE in circular waveguide01Model [ Zewei Wu, Hao Li, Hua Fu, et al, "A TE01-mode generator for testing high power transmission devices”,Review of Scientific Instruments 84,114702(2013)]. The mode conversion mode can realize the transmission efficiency of more than 90 percent in the range of 29.3GHz-31.8GHzAnd TE of output01The mold purity was higher than 98%. Obviously, the operating band of such a mode converter is difficult to meet the application requirements of a wide-band device. C.F. Yu et al first use Y-type power dividing network to input TE into rectangular waveguide10Equal division of the mould into four ways of TE10Modulus signal, then four TE paths generated10The mode signal is injected into the circular waveguide simultaneously in a side wall coupling mode, so that TE in the circular waveguide is excited01Model [ C.F.Yu and T.H.Chang "," High Performance Circular TE01, Mode Converter,"IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques,vol.53, no.12,Dec.2005]. The results show that: in the Ka band, this design TE10The bandwidth of the mode transmission efficiency higher than-1 dB is 5.8GHz, and the highest transmission efficiency can reach 98.5%. The conversion efficiency of the remaining modes is less than 0.01% within the operating band. Although the output performance of the mode converter has the characteristics of wide frequency band, high purity and the like, the transmission efficiency is still relatively low. To efficiently excite TE in a wider operating band01The cross waveguide structure is introduced into the bottom of the circular waveguide by Wangyansuashui et al, namely TE in the rectangular waveguide is firstly divided by a T-shaped power division network10The mode is equally divided into four signals, and the generated four signals are simultaneously injected into a cross waveguide positioned at the bottom of a circular waveguide to generate TE in the cross waveguide22Mode, TE to be produced finally through waveguide transition22TE in mode-conversion into circular waveguide01Model [ Wang Yong Shuaishuai, Chua bellan, conway, Liu Yue Ling, Zheng Gui Qiang, Xiao hong Wei. Circular waveguide TE01Mode converter [ P ]]The patent No.: CN102280676A,2011-12-14.]. The mode conversion mode is in the range of 28GHz-37GHz, the input reflection is less than-20 dB, and the output modes are all round waveguides TE01And (5) molding. Although the introduction of the cross waveguide effectively improves the working frequency band and the conversion efficiency of the waveguide mode converter, the waveguide transition structure from the cross waveguide to the circular waveguide is complex, and the requirement on the processing precision is high.
Disclosure of Invention
For the existing rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-circular waveguide TE01The mode converter has complicated structure and long conversionThe invention provides a high-purity high-efficiency broadband TE01Mode converter technical scheme.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the structure adopted by the invention is as follows:
rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-circular waveguide TE01Mode converter including rectangular waveguide power dividing network, quadrupole waveguide TE01Mode conversion structure, quadrupole waveguide-circular waveguide transition structure. Wherein:
the input end of the rectangular waveguide power distribution network is a standard rectangular waveguide, and the output end of the rectangular waveguide power distribution network is four standard rectangular waveguides with 90-degree intervals in the output direction. The waveguide comprises a two-stage waveguide branch structure, a waveguide connecting section and a waveguide transition section. The primary waveguide branch structure is a T-shaped power division structure, an input standard rectangular waveguide is divided into two primary waveguide branches with the length of the narrow side reduced by half, and a metal diaphragm is arranged at a bulge in the middle of the primary waveguide branch structure to widen the working bandwidth. Two output ports of the primary waveguide branch structure are respectively provided with a primary rectangular waveguide transition section, and two primary waveguide branches are gradually changed into standard waveguide output. The waveguide connecting section connected behind the primary rectangular waveguide transition section comprises a rectangular waveguide connecting section and two quarter arc-shaped rectangular waveguide turning structures, so that two primary waveguide branches complete 180-degree turning and are connected with the input end of the secondary waveguide branch structure; the secondary waveguide branch structure is the same as the primary waveguide branch structure, the primary waveguide branch is divided into four secondary waveguide branches, and then the four secondary waveguide branches are turned through the 135-degree arc-segment rectangular waveguide turning structures respectively, so that the output directions of the four secondary waveguide branches are separated by 90 degrees; the four secondary waveguide branches are respectively connected with the secondary waveguide transition sections, converted into standard rectangular waveguide output and finally connected with the quadrupole waveguide TE01The mode conversion structure input ports are connected.
The quadrupole waveguide TE01The mode conversion structure is a quadrupole waveguide structure with gradually changed section caliber, and the function expression of the cross section edge profile is as follows: r is0+a1cos (4t), wherein r0Is the average radius of the cross section, a1Is a perturbation factor. Wherein a is1Decreasing with increasing height. It should be noted that a1The reduction of (c) may be a linear variation or a non-linear variation. Quadrupole waveguide TE01And the four bulges at the bottom of the mode conversion structure are respectively provided with a standard rectangular waveguide input port which is connected with the output end of the rectangular power distribution network. Quadrupole waveguide TE01The bottom of the mode conversion structure is also provided with a conical multi-stage circular truncated cone structure for impedance matching so as to realize higher transmission efficiency and working bandwidth. Wherein the radius of each stage of the circular truncated cone is gradually reduced, and the total height of the matching structure does not exceed the long edge of the input standard rectangular waveguide.
The transition structure of the quadrupole waveguide-circular waveguide is a waveguide structure with gradually changed section caliber, and the input end of the transition structure is connected with the quadrupole waveguide TE01The output end of the mode conversion structure is connected. In the transition structure of the quadrupole waveguide and the circular waveguide, the functional expression of the cross section edge profile is also as follows: r is0+a1cos(4t)，a1Decreases with increasing height to 0, r0Also varies with increasing height as r1So that the output end is finally transformed to radius r1The circular waveguide of (4); it should be noted that a1And r0The variation of (c) may be linear or non-linear.
The design theory of the invention is as follows:
TE input from standard rectangular waveguide10The mode electromagnetic wave is firstly input into a rectangular waveguide power dividing network and is divided into two equal-amplitude and opposite-phase TEs through a primary waveguide branch structure10The mode enters a secondary waveguide branch structure through a waveguide connecting section and a waveguide transition section and is divided into four equal-amplitude TE10Mold in which two adjacent TE10Modes being two opposite TEs of the same phase10The mode is reversed; generated four-way TE10Mode-passing quadrupole waveguide TE01Four convex portions of the mode conversion structure are simultaneously injected into the quadrupole waveguide TE01Excitation of corresponding TE in mode-shifting structures01Mode(s). Since the interval between the respective modes is wider than that of a circular waveguide in a quadrupole waveguide, excitation can be performed efficientlyThe working mode is started, and further, the generation of other modes is effectively inhibited. Simultaneously placed in a quadrupole waveguide TE01The conical multi-stage circular truncated cone structure at the bottom of the mode conversion structure can realize better impedance matching, reduce the influence caused by a power division network and realize TE in a wide frequency band10Mode to TE01Efficient conversion of modes. Finally, a quadrupole waveguide TE01TE in mode conversion architecture01Mode gradually changed into circular waveguide TE through quadrupole waveguide-circular waveguide transition structure01Mode, realizing rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE01And (4) switching modes.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention is achieved by using a quadrupole waveguide TE01The mode conversion structure can effectively complete the rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE01Mode conversion, and can effectively suppress the generation of parasitic mode, so that the whole mode converter has the characteristics of high efficiency, high purity and wide frequency band. In addition, the waveguide mode converter has the advantages of compact and simple structure, easy processing and assembly and good engineering practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the chamber structure of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tapered multi-stage mating circular table of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the power dividing structure of the present invention inserted into a metal diaphragm
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing simulation results of transmission performance and reflection parameters of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of output mode purity of the present invention
Wherein the reference numerals are: 1-1 first-level waveguide branch structure, 1-2 first-level waveguide transition section, 1-3 first-level waveguide connecting section, 2-1 second-level waveguide branch structure, 2-2 second-level waveguide transition section, 2-3 second-level waveguide connecting section, and 3-1 quadrupole waveguide TE01The device comprises a mode conversion structure, a 3-2 multistage tapered circular table matching structure and a 4 quadrupole waveguide-circular waveguide transition structure.
Detailed Description
Based on the above theoryAnd the design point is that a rectangular waveguide TE working at the Ka wave band is designed10Mode-circular waveguide TE01The advantages of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is a rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-circular waveguide TE01Mode converter including rectangular waveguide power dividing network, quadrupole waveguide TE01Mode conversion structures, and quadrupole-circular waveguide transition structures. Four output branches of rectangular waveguide power distribution network and quadrupole waveguide TE01The input ports at the four bulges of the mode conversion structure are vertically connected; the transition structure of the quadrupole waveguide and the circular waveguide realizes the output of the circular waveguide.
The structure is as follows:
the rectangular waveguide power distribution network input is BJ320 rectangular waveguide (7.112mm 3.556mm), and comprises a two-stage waveguide branch structure, a waveguide connecting section and a waveguide transition section. The primary waveguide branch structure is a T-shaped power dividing structure, 90-degree turning is carried out through a 90-degree arc section rectangular turning waveguide with the radius of 2.6mm, and the input BJ320 rectangular waveguide is divided into two waveguide branches with opposite phases and the narrow sides of 1.778 mm; a metal diaphragm with the length (L) of 1mm and the width (W) of 0.147mm is arranged at the middle convex position of the primary waveguide branch structure so as to widen the working bandwidth. A primary rectangular waveguide transition section is respectively arranged at two output ports of the primary waveguide branch structure, and two primary waveguide branches are linearly and gradually changed into BJ320 waveguides; the rear-connected waveguide connecting section comprises two 90-degree arc section rectangular waveguide turning structures with the radius of 5.8mm, so that two primary branches complete 180-degree turning and are connected with the input port of the secondary waveguide branch structure; the secondary waveguide branch structure is the same as the primary waveguide branch structure, and the four waveguide branches are respectively turned by a 135-degree arc-segment rectangular waveguide turning structure with the radius of 2.6mm, so that the output directions of the four waveguide branches are separated by 90 degrees; the four branches are converted into BJ320 waveguide through a two-stage waveguide transition section and finally TE with a four-pole waveguide01The mode conversion structure input ports are connected.
The quadrupole waveguide TE01The mode conversion structure is a waveguide structure with gradually-changed section caliber and transverse sectionThe functional expression of the face edge profile is: r is0+a1cos (4t), wherein r0Is 6.55mm, a1Is 1.842 mm. Wherein a is1The linear decrease with increasing height is 1 mm. Quadrupole waveguide TE01Four convex parts of the mode conversion structure are provided with four BJ320 rectangular waveguide input ports which are connected with four waveguide branches of the rectangular power distribution network. The bottom of the mode conversion structure is provided with a conical three-stage circular truncated cone structure for impedance matching, wherein the radius of the first-stage circular truncated cone is 4.68mm, and the height of the first-stage circular truncated cone is 0.67 mm; the radius of the second-stage circular truncated cone is 3mm, the height of the second-stage circular truncated cone is 1.4mm, the radius of the third-stage circular truncated cone is 1.5mm, and the height of the third-stage circular truncated cone is 0.82 mm.
The transition structure of the quadrupole waveguide-circular waveguide is a waveguide structure with gradually reduced section caliber, and the input end of the transition structure is connected with the quadrupole waveguide TE01The output end of the mode conversion structure is smoothly connected, and in the transition structure, the function expression of the cross section edge profile is also as follows: r is0+a1cos(4t)，a1Decreases linearly with increasing height to 0, r0Also linearly changing with increasing height to 6.6mm so that the output end finally transforms to a circular waveguide of radius 6.6 mm.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
TE input from BJ320 rectangular waveguide10The mode electromagnetic wave is firstly input into a rectangular waveguide power dividing network and is divided into two equal-amplitude and opposite-phase TEs through a primary power dividing structure10The mode enters a secondary power division structure through a waveguide connecting section and is divided into four equal-amplitude TE through the secondary power division structure10Mold in which two adjacent TE10Modes being two opposite TEs of the same phase10The mode is reversed; generated four-way TE10Mode injection simultaneously through the four raised portions of the mode conversion structure to produce TE in the quadrupole waveguide01Mode(s). The interval between each mode in the four-level waveguide is wide, so that the generation of the rest modes is inhibited, and the output is pure TE01Mode(s). Meanwhile, the bottom of the mode conversion structure is matched with the round platform structure, so that reflection is reduced, and TE is realized in a wide frequency band10Mode to TE01Efficient conversion of modes. Finally, TE in a quadrupole waveguide01Mode-passing quadrupole waveguide-circular waveTE with gradually changed guide transition structure into circular waveguide01Mode, realizing rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE01And (4) switching modes.
FIG. 3 is a rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-circular waveguide TE01Conversion efficiency of mode converter and input port reflection thereof, TE within 32GHz-38GHz01The conversion efficiency of the die is higher than 98%, wherein the conversion efficiency reaches 99.5% to the maximum; the invention can realize the rectangular waveguide TE in a wide frequency band10Mode-circular waveguide TE01Efficient conversion of modes.
FIG. 4 is a simulated rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-circular waveguide TE01Mode converter purity, TE within 32GHz-38GHz01The purity of the mode is higher than 99.4%, which shows that the output of the invention is basically all round waveguide TE01Mode(s).
The above examples are merely for convenience of illustration of the invention, which is equally applicable to rectangular waveguides TE of other frequency bands10Mode-circular waveguide TE01Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications in the mode converter which do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. Rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-circular waveguide TE01A mode converter, characterized by: comprises a rectangular waveguide power dividing network, a quadrupole waveguide TE01A mode conversion structure and a quadrupole waveguide-circular waveguide transition structure;
the input end of the rectangular waveguide power distribution network is a standard rectangular waveguide, and the output end of the rectangular waveguide power distribution network is four standard rectangular waveguides with 90-degree intervals in the output direction; the rectangular waveguide power distribution network comprises a two-stage waveguide branch structure, a waveguide connecting section and a waveguide transition section, wherein the primary waveguide branch structure of the rectangular waveguide power distribution network is a T-shaped power distribution structure, an input standard rectangular waveguide is divided into two primary waveguide branches with the length of the narrow sides reduced by half, and a metal diaphragm is arranged at a protruding position in the middle of the primary waveguide branch structure; two output ports of the primary waveguide branch structure are respectivelyA primary rectangular waveguide transition section is arranged, and two primary waveguide branches are gradually changed into standard waveguide output; the waveguide connecting section connected behind the primary rectangular waveguide transition section comprises a rectangular waveguide connecting section and two quarter arc-shaped rectangular waveguide turning structures, so that two primary waveguide branches complete 180-degree turning and are connected with the input port of the secondary waveguide branch structure; the secondary waveguide branch structure is the same as the primary waveguide branch structure, the primary waveguide branch is divided into four secondary waveguide branches, and then the four secondary waveguide branches are turned through the 135-degree arc-segment rectangular waveguide turning structures respectively, so that the output directions of the four secondary waveguide branches are separated by 90 degrees; the four secondary waveguide branches are respectively connected with the secondary waveguide transition sections, converted into standard rectangular waveguide output and finally connected with the quadrupole waveguide TE01The mode conversion structure input ports are connected;
the quadrupole waveguide TE01The mode conversion structure is a quadrupole waveguide structure with gradually changed section caliber, and the function expression of the cross section edge profile is as follows: r is0+a1cos (4t), wherein r0Is the average radius of the cross section, a1As a disturbance factor, a1Decreases with increasing height; quadrupole waveguide TE01The four bulges at the bottom of the mode conversion structure are respectively provided with a standard rectangular waveguide input port which is connected with the output end of the rectangular power distribution network; quadrupole waveguide TE01The bottom of the mode conversion structure is also provided with a conical multi-stage circular truncated cone structure; wherein the radius of each stage of circular truncated cone decreases step by step, and the total height does not exceed the long edge of the input standard rectangular waveguide;
the transition structure of the quadrupole waveguide-circular waveguide is a waveguide structure with gradually changed section caliber, and the input end of the transition structure is connected with the quadrupole waveguide TE01The output end of the mode conversion structure is connected; in the transition structure of the quadrupole waveguide and the circular waveguide, the functional expression of the cross section edge profile is also as follows: r is0+a1cos(4t)，a1Decreases with increasing height to 0, r0Changes to r with increasing height1So that the output end is finally transformed to radius r1The circular waveguide of (1).
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| CN110534907B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-07-24 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Dual-band cross mode conversion antenna |
| CN110931920A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-27 | 电子科技大学 | Rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE02Mode converter |
| CN111326834B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-07-30 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Symmetric double-arm rectangular-circular waveguide mode converter |
| CN115458881A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-09 | 电子科技大学 | Compact rectangular waveguide-circular waveguide mode converter |
| CN115411474B (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-06-27 | 电子科技大学 | Rectangular waveguide-overmode coaxial waveguide mode converter |
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| US7369011B2 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2008-05-06 | National Tsing Hua University | High order mode electromagnetic wave coupler and coupling method using proportional distributing waves |
| CN102280676A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2011-12-14 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Circular waveguide TE01 mode converter |
| CN203536547U (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-04-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十三研究所 | Inflatable arc ladder type elliptical-rectangular waveguide converter |
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