CN108008633A - Irradiation level comprising a variety of Changes in weather and photovoltaic module coordinate incidence relation method for building up - Google Patents
Irradiation level comprising a variety of Changes in weather and photovoltaic module coordinate incidence relation method for building up Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the irradiation level comprising a variety of Changes in weather and photovoltaic module coordinate incidence relation method for building up, concretely comprise the following steps：Determine the coordinate position of photovoltaic module and optical sensor；Determine camera site and the motion mode of image collecting device；Fine day is cloudless, cloudy, rainy weather situation and under cloudy weather condition, the irradiance data of each coordinate position of photovoltaic array is respectively obtained；The irradiation level of the various components of photovoltaic battery panel and its changing coordinates are corresponded, establish the real-time irradiation level matrix of photovoltaic module.Method disclosed by the invention carries out analysis comprehensively and detection under a variety of weather conditions, to the irradiation level of photovoltaic module, improves accuracy and the speed of local shades distribution and irradiance measurement；Be conducive to Accurate Prediction photovoltaic output, improve system safety, stable operation ability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a method for establishing an incidence relation between irradiance containing various weather changes and a photovoltaic assembly coordinate.
Background
With the development of human beings, energy problems become an important problem affecting the quality of human life. One of the main methods for solving the energy problem is to vigorously develop clean energy and optimize the energy structure. Among new energy sources, solar energy is a very important part. Compared with other new energy sources, the solar energy is rich in resources, widely distributed in the world and has great development potential, and with the manufacturing of solar panels and the increasing maturity of the photovoltaic grid-connected technology, photovoltaic power generation is gradually the focus of attention of people. Based on the photoelectric effect of the semiconductor, human beings can utilize light to generate potential differences among different parts of the uneven semiconductor or the combination of the semiconductor and the metal, and further form voltage. Photovoltaic power generation has many advantages, and noiselessness, pollution-free, the energy is available everywhere, does not receive the region restriction, need not to consume fuel, does not have mechanical rotating member, and the fault rate is low, and it is simple and convenient to maintain, can unmanned on duty, and the scale size is random, need not to erect transmission line, can conveniently combine with the building etc.. The advantages are beyond the reach of conventional power generation and other power generation modes, so that photovoltaic power generation plays an important role in new energy research.
With the continuous increase of the capacity of a photovoltaic power generation system in the microgrid, the characteristics of randomness, volatility, discontinuity and the like of photovoltaic output also bring a serious challenge to the safe, economic and high-quality operation of a power grid while relieving the energy crisis and reducing the environmental pollution. The relation between the irradiance and the coordinates of the photovoltaic assembly is established, the influence of the change of the local irradiation intensity of the photovoltaic assembly on the output of the overall photovoltaic power station is researched, the accurate prediction of the photovoltaic output is facilitated, the coordination and cooperation of a conventional power supply and photovoltaic power generation are arranged overall, the system safety is improved, and the stable operation capacity is improved.
The prediction of the solar photovoltaic power generation output has important significance for the scheduling of a photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system, the photovoltaic power generation output has a direct relation with the weather type, and the more cloudy or rainy weather, the larger the error of the prediction of the photovoltaic output is. Most of existing photovoltaic power generation prediction models are built on the basis of solar irradiance prediction, however, the variation of irradiance has the characteristics of dynamic property, multi-disturbance property and the like, irradiance received by a photovoltaic module is different under different weather conditions, even under the same weather condition, if cloud shielding exists, local shadow can be caused, irradiance and battery temperature received by each photovoltaic battery in a photovoltaic array can be different, and the output characteristics of the photovoltaic module are obviously different. The local shadow not only weakens the potential maximum power output capability of the photovoltaic array, but also causes the output external characteristics of the photovoltaic array to be more complex, and brings great difficulties to maximum power point tracking control, reconstruction optimization, generation power prediction and the like. If the local shadow condition of the whole photovoltaic array is to be mastered and the corresponding relation between the irradiance and the coordinates of the photovoltaic assembly is established, a large number of optical sensors are generally required to be installed so as to realize the fine measurement of the irradiance. The large number of sensors means high construction cost and complex system, the higher the requirement on the fineness of the local shadow measurement, and the number of sensors is multiplied.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for establishing an incidence relation between irradiance containing various weather changes and a photovoltaic assembly coordinate, the relation between irradiation intensity and the photovoltaic assembly coordinate is established under four weather conditions of cloudy weather, cloudy weather and rainy weather in sunny days, and high-precision and rapid measurement of photovoltaic array irradiance distribution data can be realized by only a small amount of optical sensors, so that the influence of the change of the local irradiation intensity of the photovoltaic assembly on the output of a global photovoltaic power station is observed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for establishing an incidence relation between irradiance and a photovoltaic assembly coordinate, wherein the irradiance and the photovoltaic assembly coordinate are established under four weather conditions of cloudy weather, cloudy weather and rainy weather, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining coordinate positions of a photovoltaic module and a light sensor, wherein the specific process is as follows:
establishing a coordinate system, and taking the central coordinate of the photovoltaic module on each photovoltaic cell panel as the position coordinate of the photovoltaic module;
installing optical sensors at four corners, the center and the center of the periphery of the photovoltaic cell panel, wherein the optical sensors are used for measuring irradiance at corresponding positions;
recording the position of the center coordinate and the measurement time, and transmitting the position to a photovoltaic power generation control center through a communication network;
step 2, determining the shooting position and the movement mode of the image acquisition device, and the specific process is as follows:
shooting an operation image of the photovoltaic cell panel by using the image acquisition device;
recording the time and the coordinates of the image acquisition moment;
the image, the shooting time and the shooting position information are transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation control center through a communication network;
step 3, under the weather conditions of cloudy, cloudy and rainy days in sunny days, the irradiance of the whole photovoltaic array is averaged by the measured values of all the optical sensors, and the value of the irradiance is transmitted to the control center of the photovoltaic power generation system in real time and corresponds to the coordinate of the photovoltaic component;
step 4, under the cloudy weather condition, cutting the image acquired by the image acquisition device, removing the frame part of the photovoltaic cell panel, and carrying out local shadow local detection on the image of the remaining photovoltaic module part;
step 5, calculating the mean square error of the gray value of the acquired image, if the mean square error of the gray value in the local shadow range is smaller than a set threshold value, considering the irradiance at the local shadow to be uniform, otherwise, considering the irradiance at the local shadow to be non-uniform;
step 6, according to the irradiance value of the photovoltaic array collected by the optical sensor during the image shooting, matching the local shadow identification result obtained in the step 5, and fitting the irradiance data of each coordinate position of the photovoltaic array, wherein the specific fitting process is as follows:
if the image analysis result judges that the photovoltaic array does not have local bright shadows, the irradiance of the whole photovoltaic array is the average of the measured values of all the optical sensors;
if the image analysis result judges that the local shadow exists and the phase illumination of the local shadow is relatively uniform, the irradiance level of the shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area, and the irradiance of the non-shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area;
if the image analysis result judges that the local shadow exists and the phase illumination of the local shadow is relatively uniform, the irradiance level of the shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area, and the irradiance of the non-shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area;
and 7, according to the result in the step 6, carrying out one-to-one correspondence on the irradiance of each component of the photovoltaic cell panel and the current coordinate of the photovoltaic cell panel, and establishing a real-time irradiance matrix of the photovoltaic component.
Further, the central coordinates in the step 1 are (x11, y11), (x12, y12), (x13, y13) and (x14, y14) once.
Further, the detection method in step 4 is a shadow detection method based on an opponent color space, and specifically includes the following steps:
step 4-1, reading the RGB value of each pixel in the image;
and 4-2, converting the image from the RGB space to the CIEXYZ space:
and 4-3, converting the image from a CIEXYZ space to a CIELAB space:
wherein, X0、Y0、Z0Is the tristimulus value of the CIE standard illuminant;
step 4-4. Pair a*The channel uses the canny operator for edge detection:to b is*The channel uses the canny operator for edge detection:wherein,is a threshold value, andE1、E2is an edge image;
and 4-5, judging whether a shadow exists by using a mathematical morphology method, and if so, dividing a shadow area and a non-shadow area of the photovoltaic module by using the mathematical morphology method.
The invention provides a method for establishing the relation between irradiance and a photovoltaic assembly coordinate under various weather conditions for a photovoltaic power station, uses a shadow detection method based on an opposite color space, adopts a scheme of combining image processing and sensor measurement, and has the following beneficial effects:
(1) under multiple weather conditions, carry out comprehensive analysis and detection to photovoltaic module's irradiance to use less quantity of sensor, nimble simple and convenient, the practicality is good:
(2) the method comprises the steps of improving the accuracy and speed of the local shadow distribution range and the irradiance measurement by using a shadow detection method based on an opponent color space and a mean square error method of gray values;
(3) the relation between the irradiance and the photovoltaic assembly coordinate is established, the influence of the change of the local irradiation intensity of the photovoltaic assembly on the output of the overall photovoltaic power station can be reflected, the accurate prediction of the photovoltaic output is facilitated, the system safety is improved, and the operation capability is stabilized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for establishing an irradiance and photovoltaic module coordinate relationship according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of image capturing devices according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and to clearly and unequivocally define the scope of the present invention.
The method for establishing the incidence relation between irradiance and photovoltaic assembly coordinates containing various weather changes comprises the following steps of determining the range and coordinates of local shadows on a photovoltaic panel based on a light sensor and an image acquisition device under four weather conditions of cloudless, cloudy and rainy days in sunny days, acquiring the numerical value of the real-time irradiance of a photovoltaic array by utilizing an image processing technology and a computer simulation technology, and establishing the relation between the irradiance and the photovoltaic assembly coordinates, wherein the specific flow of the method is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining coordinate positions of a photovoltaic module and a light sensor, wherein the specific process is as follows:
establishing a coordinate system, wherein the central coordinate of the photovoltaic module on each photovoltaic cell panel is taken as the position coordinate of the photovoltaic module, and the coordinates are respectively (x11, y11), (x12, y12), (x13, y13) and (x14, y 14);
installing optical sensors at four corners, the center and the center of the periphery of the photovoltaic cell panel for measuring irradiance at corresponding positions;
and recording the position of the center coordinate and the measurement time, and transmitting the position to a photovoltaic power generation control center through a communication network.
Step 2, determining the shooting position and the movement mode of the image acquisition device, and the specific process is as follows:
shooting an operation image of the photovoltaic cell panel by using the image acquisition device;
recording the time and the coordinates of the image acquisition moment for corresponding to the irradiance measurement data;
and the image, the shooting time and the shooting position information are transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation control center through a communication network.
In order to obtain a better shooting effect and improve the identification precision of the local shadow, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the running tracks are arranged around the photovoltaic cell panel, so that the image acquisition device can change the position along with the east rise and the sunset of the sun, and the influence of the shadow of the device on the measurement is avoided, and the position distribution is shown in fig. 2.
And 3, under the weather conditions of cloudy, cloudy and rainy days in sunny days, the irradiance distribution in the photovoltaic array assembly is uniform, the local fluctuation is small, the irradiance of the whole photovoltaic array is averaged by the measured values of all the optical sensors, and the value of the irradiance is transmitted to a control center of the photovoltaic power generation system in real time and corresponds to the coordinate of the photovoltaic assembly.
And 4, under a cloudy weather condition, the photovoltaic array may have local shadows, the frame part of the photovoltaic cell panel is removed by cutting the image acquired by the image acquisition device, and local shadow local detection is carried out on the images of the rest photovoltaic module part based on a shadow detection method of an opposite color space.
Step 4-1, reading the RGB value of each pixel in the image;
and 4-2, converting the image from the RGB space to the CIEXYZ space:
and 4-3, converting the image from a CIEXYZ space to a CIELAB space:
wherein, X0、Y0、Z0Is the tristimulus value of the CIE standard illuminant;
step 4-4. Pair a*The channel uses the canny operator for edge detection:to b is*The channel uses the canny operator for edge detection:wherein,is a threshold value, andE1、E2is an edge image;
and 4-5, judging whether a shadow exists by using a mathematical morphology method, and if so, dividing a shadow area and a non-shadow area of the photovoltaic module by using the mathematical morphology method.
And 5, calculating the mean square error of the gray values of the acquired images, if the mean square error of the gray values in the local shadow range is smaller than a set threshold value, considering that the irradiance at the local shadow is uniform, and otherwise, considering that the irradiance at the local shadow is non-uniform.
Step 6, according to irradiance data of the photovoltaic array collected by the optical sensor during image shooting, matching the local shadow identification result obtained in the step 5, and fitting the irradiance data of each coordinate position of the photovoltaic array:
if the image analysis result judges that the photovoltaic array does not have local bright shadows, the irradiance of the whole photovoltaic array is the average of the measured values of all the optical sensors;
if the image analysis result judges that the local shadow exists and the phase illumination of the local shadow is relatively uniform, the irradiance level of the shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area, and the irradiance of the non-shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area;
if the image analysis result judges that the local shadow exists and the phase illumination of the local shadow is relatively uniform, the irradiance level of the shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area, and the irradiance of the non-shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area;
and 7, according to the result in the step 6, carrying out one-to-one correspondence on the irradiance of each component of the photovoltaic cell panel and the current coordinate of the photovoltaic cell panel, and establishing a real-time irradiance matrix of the photovoltaic component.
By analyzing the real-time irradiance matrix of the photovoltaic module, the influence of the change of the local irradiation intensity of the photovoltaic module on the output of the global photovoltaic power station can be observed.
The method for establishing the relationship between the irradiance and the coordinate of the photovoltaic assembly under various weather conditions disclosed by the embodiment uses a shadow detection method based on an opposite color space, adopts a scheme of combining image processing and sensor measurement, comprehensively analyzes and detects the irradiance of the photovoltaic assembly under various weather conditions, uses a small number of sensors, and is flexible, simple and convenient and good in practicability; the method comprises the steps of improving the accuracy and speed of the local shadow distribution range and the irradiance measurement by using a shadow detection method based on an opponent color space and a mean square error method of gray values; the photovoltaic output can be accurately predicted, and the system safety and stable operation capability are improved.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The method for establishing the incidence relation between the irradiance and the photovoltaic component coordinate comprises various weather changes, and the relation between the irradiance and the photovoltaic component coordinate is established under four weather conditions of cloudy weather, cloudy weather and rainy weather, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining coordinate positions of a photovoltaic module and a light sensor, wherein the specific process is as follows:
establishing a coordinate system, and taking the central coordinate of the photovoltaic module on each photovoltaic cell panel as the position coordinate of the photovoltaic module;
installing optical sensors at four corners, the center and the center of the periphery of the photovoltaic cell panel, wherein the optical sensors are used for measuring irradiance at corresponding positions;
recording the position of the center coordinate and the measurement time, and transmitting the position to a photovoltaic power generation control center through a communication network;
step 2, determining the shooting position and the movement mode of the image acquisition device, and the specific process is as follows:
shooting an operation image of the photovoltaic cell panel by using the image acquisition device;
recording the time and the coordinates of the image acquisition moment;
the image, the shooting time and the shooting position information are transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation control center through a communication network;
step 3, under the weather conditions of cloudy, cloudy and rainy days in sunny days, the irradiance of the whole photovoltaic array is averaged by the measured values of all the optical sensors, and the value of the irradiance is transmitted to the control center of the photovoltaic power generation system in real time and corresponds to the coordinate of the photovoltaic component;
step 4, under the cloudy weather condition, cutting the image acquired by the image acquisition device, removing the frame part of the photovoltaic cell panel, and carrying out local shadow local detection on the image of the remaining photovoltaic module part;
step 5, calculating the mean square error of the gray value of the acquired image, if the mean square error of the gray value in the local shadow range is smaller than a set threshold value, considering the irradiance at the local shadow to be uniform, otherwise, considering the irradiance at the local shadow to be non-uniform;
step 6, according to the irradiance value of the photovoltaic array collected by the optical sensor during the image shooting, matching the local shadow identification result obtained in the step 5, and fitting the irradiance data of each coordinate position of the photovoltaic array, wherein the specific fitting process is as follows:
if the image analysis result judges that the photovoltaic array does not have local bright shadows, the irradiance of the whole photovoltaic array is the average of the measured values of all the optical sensors;
if the image analysis result judges that the local shadow exists and the phase illumination of the local shadow is relatively uniform, the irradiance level of the shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area, and the irradiance of the non-shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area;
if the image analysis result judges that the local shadow exists and the phase illumination of the local shadow is relatively uniform, the irradiance level of the shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area, and the irradiance of the non-shadow area is the average value of the measured values of all the optical sensors in the area;
and 7, according to the result in the step 6, carrying out one-to-one correspondence on the irradiance of each component of the photovoltaic cell panel and the current coordinate of the photovoltaic cell panel, and establishing a real-time irradiance matrix of the photovoltaic component.
2. The method for establishing the relationship between irradiance and the coordinate of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the central coordinates in the step 1 are (x11, y11), (x12, y12), (x13, y13), (x14, y14) once.
3. The method for establishing the relationship between irradiance and the coordinate of the photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein the detection method in the step 4 is a shadow detection method based on an opponent color space, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 4-1, reading the RGB value of each pixel in the image;
and 4-2, converting the image from the RGB space to the CIEXYZ space:
<mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>X</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.490</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.310</mn> <mi>G</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.200</mn> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.177</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.812</mn> <mi>G</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.011</mn> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.000</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.010</mn> <mi>G</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.990</mn> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced>
and 4-3, converting the image from a CIEXYZ space to a CIELAB space:
<mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mo>*</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>116</mn> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mn>16</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mo>*</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>500</mn> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mo>*</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>200</mn> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>Z</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced>
wherein, X0、Y0、Z0Is CIE standard illuminationThe tristimulus value of the body;
step 4-4. Pair a*The channel uses the canny operator for edge detection:to b is*The channel uses the canny operator for edge detection:wherein,is a threshold value, andE1、E2is an edge image;
and 4-5, judging whether a shadow exists by using a mathematical morphology method, and if so, dividing a shadow area and a non-shadow area of the photovoltaic module by using the mathematical morphology method.
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| CN108767872A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏大学 | A kind of fuzzy control method being applied to honourable hybrid energy-storing micro-grid system |
| CN109884896A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-06-14 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of photovoltaic tracking system optimization tracking based on similar day irradiation prediction |
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