WO2023024822A1 - Low-cost high-precision measurement method for solar radiation - Google Patents

Low-cost high-precision measurement method for solar radiation Download PDF

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WO2023024822A1
WO2023024822A1 PCT/CN2022/108768 CN2022108768W WO2023024822A1 WO 2023024822 A1 WO2023024822 A1 WO 2023024822A1 CN 2022108768 W CN2022108768 W CN 2022108768W WO 2023024822 A1 WO2023024822 A1 WO 2023024822A1
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radiation
photovoltaic
photovoltaic cell
module
cell module
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PCT/CN2022/108768
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马宇栋
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领鞅科技(杭州)有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method.
  • Solar energy is an inexhaustible and inexhaustible green energy source. Whether it is solar thermal utilization or photovoltaic application, in system design, determining the local solar radiation is the basis of solar application system design. Therefore, understanding the changing law of solar radiation is of great significance for the rational development of solar energy resources.
  • Solar radiation measurement is a dynamic measurement and accumulation process, and the response time of the measurement system is also related to the totalizer and recorder. Since the time constant of the pyranometer is generally about 5s, and the actual energy incident on the irradiated surface is also affected by random factors such as clouds, so if the speed of data collection and processing is not improved, the solar irradiance change process Data will be lost, ultimately affecting the accuracy of exposure measurements. A low-cost and high-precision calculation method for solar radiation absorption is particularly important.
  • the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN108763649A discloses a method for optimizing and evaluating the radiation received by photovoltaic module cells. Irradiance, calculate the typical daily horizontal plane direct radiation intensity distribution, horizontal plane diffuse radiation intensity distribution, and normal direct radiation intensity distribution; based on the positional relationship between the sun and photovoltaic modules, calculate the typical daily solar radiation intensity of photovoltaic cells according to the radiation model and the incident angle correction model. The received direct radiation intensity; according to the scattered radiation model, calculate the scattered radiation intensity corrected by the incident angle of the ideal typical day photovoltaic module, and finally calculate the annual radiation of the photovoltaic module.
  • this method is used to measure the annual radiation of photovoltaic modules, and cannot calculate the radiation of photovoltaic cell modules in real time.
  • the Chinese patent document whose publication number is CN205483261U discloses a solar radiation seven-element measuring instrument, including a solar direct radiation meter, which is used to measure solar direct radiation; a solar radiation sensor one, which is used to measure solar scattered radiation; a solar radiation sensor two , to measure total solar radiation; total solar radiation sensor three, to measure solar reflected radiation; solar longwave radiation sensor one, to measure atmospheric longwave radiation; solar longwave radiation sensor two, to measure ground longwave radiation; and light balance Sensors, panels, actuators and microcomputer controllers.
  • the cost of this solution is too high and the measured data is only valid near the sensor location. If it is to be applied in a large-scale ground solar system, multiple systems need to be densely deployed.
  • the present invention provides a low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method, which can not only reduce the system cost, but also obtain high-precision radiation values.
  • a low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method comprising the following steps:
  • P is the power generation
  • A is the area of the photovoltaic module
  • PR(h) is the system efficiency of the photovoltaic cell module
  • I tmax (h) is the optimal irradiation intensity
  • ⁇ is the module efficiency
  • i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 ;
  • step (1) obtain the optimal irradiation intensity of each photovoltaic cell module, be global radiation, be marked as GHI;
  • the invention uses a plurality of photovoltaic cell components to calculate the radiation amount through the radiation-power generation model, and then cooperates with the model-based information and data fusion method for intelligent calculation, which can not only reduce the system cost, but also obtain high-precision radiation According to value.
  • step (1) the formula of the system efficiency PR(h) of the photovoltaic cell module is:
  • PR(h) PR rated ⁇ low (h) ⁇ T (h)
  • PR rated is the rated efficiency of the photovoltaic system after considering the mismatch loss, connection loss and shading loss; ⁇ low (h) is the influence coefficient of low irradiation conditions on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system; ⁇ T (h) is the irradiation-temperature Influence coefficient on photovoltaic power generation efficiency.
  • I tmax (h) is the optimum irradiation intensity
  • I 1 and I 2 are the first preset value and the second preset value respectively, and I 1 ⁇ I 2
  • I 1 and I 2 are the first preset value and the second preset value respectively, and I 1 ⁇ I 2
  • when the irradiation intensity is less than or equal to I 1 the photovoltaic system does not generate electricity
  • the irradiance intensity is greater than or equal to I 2 the photovoltaic system generates electricity according to the rated efficiency
  • the irradiance intensity is between I 1 and I 2 , the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system is low.
  • the rated power of the photovoltaic cell module is measured under standard test conditions (irradiance 1000W/m2, module temperature 25°C, air quality AM1.5), if the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module is higher than 25°C during operation, its output Power will drop.
  • T * (h) is the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module
  • T * (h) T amb +(dT * /dI) ⁇ I tmax
  • dT * /dI is the gradient of the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module as the radiation intensity changes
  • T amb is the ambient temperature
  • I tmax is the best radiation intensity.
  • step (3) is:
  • GHI1 DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1( ⁇ 1 )
  • GHI2 DNI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 )+DHI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 )+GAI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 )+error2( ⁇ 2 )
  • GHIn DNIn ⁇ ( ⁇ n )+DHIn ⁇ ( ⁇ n )+GAI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ n )+errorn( ⁇ n )
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ i ), ⁇ ( ⁇ i ), ⁇ ( ⁇ i ) are the conversion coefficients of DNIi, DHIi, and GAIi on photovoltaic module i caused by the existence of the included angle ⁇ i , and errori( ⁇ i ) is each The photovoltaic module calculates the error of the global radiation;
  • ⁇ error ij represents the difference between the measured global radiation values when the i-th photovoltaic cell module and the j-th photovoltaic cell module are at the position of the j-th photovoltaic cell module;
  • GHIi( ⁇ j ) means that the i-th photovoltaic cell module is at j The global radiation value measured at the position of No. photovoltaic cell module;
  • GHIj( ⁇ j ) represents the global radiation value measured by No. j photovoltaic cell module;
  • step (3-2) Combine the deviation value and each known value of GHIi with the formula in step (3-2), use Bayesian filter analysis, and use the model-based information and data fusion method to calculate the global radiation of each photovoltaic module
  • the GHI corresponds to the direct radiation DNI, the diffuse radiation DHI and the ground reflection GAI.
  • step (4) the calculation formula of solar radiation absorption TAI is:
  • ⁇ sun is the azimuth angle of the sun
  • ⁇ sun is the altitude angle of the sun
  • the resulting conversion efficiencies of photovoltaic cell modules to direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI, and ground reflection GAI are all in the range of [0,1]; represent the angle
  • the resulting absorption ratios of photovoltaic cell modules to direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI, and ground reflection GAI are all in the range of [0,1].
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • Bayesian filtering and model-based information and data fusion methods can effectively restore high-precision radiation values.
  • the number of low-cost photovoltaic modules can be defined by the user, as long as it is greater than or equal to 2, it can be adapted to various application scenarios.
  • the method of the present invention can simultaneously measure global radiation, direct radiation, scattered radiation, ground reflection and equipment error at one time, and is very efficient.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is solar radiation and its component structure diagram in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the orientation of the photovoltaic module placed horizontally in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the orientation of the obliquely placed photovoltaic module in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a flow chart of calculation steps of each solar irradiance value of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph of global radiation and its components (direct radiation, diffuse radiation, ground reflection) calculated in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method uses the power generation of multiple photovoltaic cell components to build a photovoltaic cell radiation-power generation model to calculate the radiation amount; through the global radiation GHI and direct radiation
  • the relationship model between DNI, diffuse radiation DHI and ground reflection GAI is calculated to obtain the direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI and ground reflection GAI data, and then measure the solar energy absorption TAI of the solar energy conversion component.
  • the power generation-optimum radiation intensity model is as follows:
  • P is the power generation
  • A is the area of the photovoltaic module
  • PR(h) is the system efficiency
  • I tmax (h) is the optimal irradiation intensity
  • ⁇ is the module efficiency
  • i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • the system efficiency model is as follows:
  • PR(h) PR rated ⁇ low (h) ⁇ T (h)
  • PR rated is the rated efficiency of the system after considering the mismatch loss, connection loss, and shading loss; ⁇ low (h) is the influence coefficient of low irradiation conditions on the photovoltaic system power generation efficiency; ⁇ T (h) is the radiation-temperature effect Influence coefficient of photovoltaic power generation efficiency.
  • ⁇ low (h) is the influence coefficient of low irradiation conditions on the power generation of photovoltaic systems, and the coefficient model of radiation-photovoltaic power generation is established as follows:
  • I tmax (h) is the optimum irradiation intensity; I 1 and I 2 are respectively the first preset value and the second preset value, and I 1 ⁇ I 2 .
  • I 1 and I 2 are respectively the first preset value and the second preset value, and I 1 ⁇ I 2 .
  • the photovoltaic system will not generate electricity; when the irradiation intensity is greater than or equal to I 2 , the photovoltaic system will generate electricity according to the rated efficiency; when the irradiation intensity is between I 1 and I 2 time, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system is low.
  • the rated power of the photovoltaic cell module is measured under standard test conditions (irradiance 1000W/m 2 , module temperature 25°C, air quality AM1.5), if the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module is higher than 25°C during operation, its The output power will drop.
  • the radiation-temperature-power generation efficiency model is as follows:
  • ⁇ T (h) is the radiation-temperature influence coefficient on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system
  • T * (h) is the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module
  • T * (h) T amb +(d T * /dI) ⁇ I tmax
  • dT * /dI is the gradient of the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module changing with the irradiation intensity, which is 30°Cm 2 /kW in engineering
  • T amb is the ambient temperature
  • I tmax is the optimal irradiation intensity.
  • the optimal irradiation intensity can be deduced from the above formula, that is, global radiation (GHI, Global Horizontal Irradiance) marked as GHI.
  • n photovoltaic modules are arranged and connected to the data acquisition unit.
  • the data acquisition unit collects data in real time and sends it to the central computing unit, and outputs the result after processing.
  • the present invention needs to use not less than 2 photovoltaic cell modules (n ⁇ 2), wherein No. 1 photovoltaic module is placed horizontally, as shown in Figure 3, and the calculated global radiation (GHI, Global Horizontal Irradiance) is marked as GHI1 .
  • Photovoltaic module n is placed obliquely, as shown in Figure 4, the normal direction of the inclined surface forms an angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane, and the measured global radiation is marked as GHIn.
  • the No. 1 photovoltaic module can be calculated, and GHI1 is obtained as:
  • GHI1 DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1( ⁇ 1 )
  • GHIi can be expressed as:
  • GHI2 DNI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 )+DHI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 )+GAI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 )+error2( ⁇ 2 )
  • GHIn DNIn ⁇ ( ⁇ n )+DHIn ⁇ ( ⁇ n )+GAI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ n )+errorn( ⁇ n )
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ i ), ⁇ ( ⁇ i ), ⁇ ( ⁇ i ) are the conversion coefficients of DNIi, DHIi, and GAIi on photovoltaic module i caused by the existence of the included angle ⁇ i ;
  • errori( ⁇ i ) is the error of the global radiation calculated for each PV module.
  • the values from GHI1 to GHIn can be directly calculated through the power generation of photovoltaic modules.
  • any photovoltaic module as a benchmark for example, select No. 1 photovoltaic module, and perform pairwise corrections on each photovoltaic module and No. 1 photovoltaic module, and select different angles ⁇ i at the same time, and a series of deviation values can be obtained:
  • GHI1 DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1( ⁇ 1 )
  • GHI2 DNI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 )+DHI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 )+GAI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 )+error2( ⁇ 2 )
  • GHIn DNIn ⁇ ( ⁇ n )+DHIn ⁇ ( ⁇ n )+GAI2 ⁇ ( ⁇ n )+errorn( ⁇ n )
  • the DNI, DHI and GAI corresponding to GHI can be calculated for each photovoltaic module.
  • the calculation process is shown in Figure 5.
  • the embodiment of the present invention takes a common brand of polycrystalline photovoltaic modules on the market as an example, and its detailed parameters are as follows: under standard test conditions, the rated power is 270W, the module efficiency is 16.5%, and the module size is 1650mm* 992mm.
  • the installation angles of the four photovoltaic modules are 150°, 0°, 30°, and 60° respectively.
  • the collected powers are 132.3W, 183.6W, 199.8W, and 180.9W, and the temperatures are 20.3°C, 21.7°C, 22.5°C, and 21.5°C.
  • the radiation numbers calculated from the collected data of the four photovoltaic modules are 595.3W/m 2 , 763.5W/m 2 , 843.2W/m 2 , and 786.4W/m 2 .
  • the photovoltaic cell module is a solar double-sided module, and the angle with the horizontal is 20°. Due to the angle

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Abstract

A measurement method for solar radiation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a power generation capacity-optimal irradiance intensity model according to power generation situations of a plurality of photovoltaic cell modules, wherein the formula of the model is as shown, where P is a power generation capacity, A is the area of a photovoltaic cell module, PR(h) is the system efficiency of the photovoltaic cell module, Itmax(h) is an optimal irradiance intensity, η is the module efficiency, and i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1; (2) according to the formula in step (1), obtaining the optimal irradiance intensity, i.e. the global horizontal irradiance, of each photovoltaic cell module, which global horizontal irradiance is marked as GHI; (3) performing calculation by using the global horizontal irradiance GHI of each photovoltaic cell module, so as to obtain a corresponding direct normal irradiance DNI value, a corresponding diffuse horizontal irradiance DHI value and a corresponding ground-reflected GAI value; and (4) according to the direct normal irradiance DNI value, the diffuse horizontal irradiance DHI value and the ground-reflected GAI value, calculating the solar radiation absorption amount TAI of each photovoltaic cell module.

Description

一种低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法A low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method 技术领域technical field
本发明属于太阳能技术领域，尤其是涉及一种低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method.
背景技术Background technique
太阳能是取之不尽、用之不竭的绿色环保能源。无论是太阳能热利用，还是光伏应用，在系统设计中，确定当地太阳辐照量是太阳能应用系统设计的基础。因此了解太阳辐照量的变化规律，对于合理开发太阳能资源有重要意义。Solar energy is an inexhaustible and inexhaustible green energy source. Whether it is solar thermal utilization or photovoltaic application, in system design, determining the local solar radiation is the basis of solar application system design. Therefore, understanding the changing law of solar radiation is of great significance for the rational development of solar energy resources.
太阳辐照量测量是一个动态测量并累积的过程，测量系统的响应时间还与积算仪、记录仪有关。由于辐射强度计的时间常数一般已在5s左右，而实际入射到辐照面上的能量还受到云层等随机变化因素的影响，所以若不提高数据采集、处理的速度，太阳辐照变化过程的数据将丢失，最终影响辐照量测量的准确度。低成本高精度的太阳辐射吸收量计算方法显得尤为重要。Solar radiation measurement is a dynamic measurement and accumulation process, and the response time of the measurement system is also related to the totalizer and recorder. Since the time constant of the pyranometer is generally about 5s, and the actual energy incident on the irradiated surface is also affected by random factors such as clouds, so if the speed of data collection and processing is not improved, the solar irradiance change process Data will be lost, ultimately affecting the accuracy of exposure measurements. A low-cost and high-precision calculation method for solar radiation absorption is particularly important.
公开号为CN108763649A的中国专利文献公开了一种优化评估光伏组件电池片所接受辐照量的方法，根据光伏组件安装地近十年水平面总辐照量、水平面散射辐照量以及法向直接辐照量，计算典型日水平面直射辐照强度分布、水平面散射辐照强度分布、法向直射辐照强度分布；基于太阳与光伏组件位置关系，根据辐照模型及入射角修正模型计算光伏电池典型日接受到的直接辐照强度；根据散射辐照模型，计算理想典型日光伏组件 入射角修正后的散射辐照强度，最终计算光伏组件年辐照量。但是，该方法用于测量光伏组件的年辐照量，并不能实时计算光伏电池组件的辐照量。The Chinese patent document with the publication number CN108763649A discloses a method for optimizing and evaluating the radiation received by photovoltaic module cells. Irradiance, calculate the typical daily horizontal plane direct radiation intensity distribution, horizontal plane diffuse radiation intensity distribution, and normal direct radiation intensity distribution; based on the positional relationship between the sun and photovoltaic modules, calculate the typical daily solar radiation intensity of photovoltaic cells according to the radiation model and the incident angle correction model. The received direct radiation intensity; according to the scattered radiation model, calculate the scattered radiation intensity corrected by the incident angle of the ideal typical day photovoltaic module, and finally calculate the annual radiation of the photovoltaic module. However, this method is used to measure the annual radiation of photovoltaic modules, and cannot calculate the radiation of photovoltaic cell modules in real time.
公开号为CN205483261U的中国专利文献公开了一种太阳辐射七要素测量仪，包括太阳直接辐射表，用于测量太阳直接辐射；太阳总辐射传感器一，用于测量太阳散射辐射；太阳总辐射传感器二，用于测量太阳总辐射；太阳总辐射传感器三，用于测量太阳反射辐射；太阳长波辐射传感器一，用于测量大气长波辐射；太阳长波辐射传感器二，用于测量地面长波辐射；以及光平衡传感器、平板、驱动装置和微机控制器。但是该方案成本太高且测量的数据又仅在传感器位置附近有效，如果要在大型地面太阳能系统中应用，需要多个系统密集部署。The Chinese patent document whose publication number is CN205483261U discloses a solar radiation seven-element measuring instrument, including a solar direct radiation meter, which is used to measure solar direct radiation; a solar radiation sensor one, which is used to measure solar scattered radiation; a solar radiation sensor two , to measure total solar radiation; total solar radiation sensor three, to measure solar reflected radiation; solar longwave radiation sensor one, to measure atmospheric longwave radiation; solar longwave radiation sensor two, to measure ground longwave radiation; and light balance Sensors, panels, actuators and microcomputer controllers. However, the cost of this solution is too high and the measured data is only valid near the sensor location. If it is to be applied in a large-scale ground solar system, multiple systems need to be densely deployed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，既可以降低系统成本，又可以获得高精度的辐照值。In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method, which can not only reduce the system cost, but also obtain high-precision radiation values.
一种低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，包括以下步骤：A low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method, comprising the following steps:
(1)根据多个光伏电池组件的发电情况，搭建发电量-最佳辐照强度模型，模型公式如下：(1) According to the power generation of multiple photovoltaic cell modules, build a power generation-optimum radiation intensity model. The model formula is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000001
其中，P为发电量；A为光伏组件的面积；PR(h)为光伏电池组件的系统效率；I tmax(h)为最佳辐照强度；η为组件效率；i为大于等于1的自然数； Among them, P is the power generation; A is the area of the photovoltaic module; PR(h) is the system efficiency of the photovoltaic cell module; I tmax (h) is the optimal irradiation intensity; η is the module efficiency; i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 ;
(2)根据步骤(1)的公式，得到每个光伏电池组件的最佳辐照强度，即为全局辐射，标记为GHI；(2) According to the formula of step (1), obtain the optimal irradiation intensity of each photovoltaic cell module, be global radiation, be marked as GHI;
(3)利用每个光伏电池组件的全局辐射GHI计算得到对应的直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI值；(3) Use the global radiation GHI of each photovoltaic cell module to calculate the corresponding direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI and ground reflection GAI values;
(4)根据直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI值，计算 各个光伏组件的太阳辐射吸收量TAI。(4) Calculate the solar radiation absorption TAI of each photovoltaic module according to the direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI and ground reflection GAI values.
本发明采用多个光伏电池组件，通过辐照-发电模型计算出辐照量，再配合以基于模型的信息和数据融合方法进行智能化运算，既可以降低系统成本，又可以获得高精度的辐照值。The invention uses a plurality of photovoltaic cell components to calculate the radiation amount through the radiation-power generation model, and then cooperates with the model-based information and data fusion method for intelligent calculation, which can not only reduce the system cost, but also obtain high-precision radiation According to value.
步骤(1)中，光伏电池组件的系统效率PR(h)的公式为：In step (1), the formula of the system efficiency PR(h) of the photovoltaic cell module is:
PR(h)＝PR rated×λ low(h)×λ T(h) PR(h)＝PR rated ×λ low (h)×λ T (h)
其中，PR rated为考虑失配损失、连接损失、遮蔽损失后的光伏系统额定效率；λ low(h)为低辐照条件对光伏系统发电效率影响系数；λ T(h)为辐照-温度对光伏发电效率的影响系数。 Among them, PR rated is the rated efficiency of the photovoltaic system after considering the mismatch loss, connection loss and shading loss; λ low (h) is the influence coefficient of low irradiation conditions on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system; λ T (h) is the irradiation-temperature Influence coefficient on photovoltaic power generation efficiency.
低辐照条件对光伏系统发电效率影响系数λ low(h)的公式为： The formula for the influence coefficient λ low (h) of low irradiation conditions on the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic systems is:
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000002
其中，I tmax(h)为最佳辐照强度；I 1、I 2分别为第一预设值和第二预设值，且I 1<I 2；当辐照强度小于或等于I 1时，光伏系统不发电；当辐照强度大于或等于I 2时，光伏系统按照额定效率发电；当辐照强度介于I 1、I 2之间时，光伏系统的发电效率较低。 Among them, I tmax (h) is the optimum irradiation intensity; I 1 and I 2 are the first preset value and the second preset value respectively, and I 1< I 2 ; when the irradiation intensity is less than or equal to I 1 , the photovoltaic system does not generate electricity; when the irradiance intensity is greater than or equal to I 2 , the photovoltaic system generates electricity according to the rated efficiency; when the irradiance intensity is between I 1 and I 2 , the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system is low.
光伏电池组件的额定功率是在标准测试条件(辐照度1000W/m2，组件温度25℃，空气质量AM1.5)下测定的，如果在运行时，光伏电池组件温度高于25℃，其输出功率将会下降。The rated power of the photovoltaic cell module is measured under standard test conditions (irradiance 1000W/m2, module temperature 25°C, air quality AM1.5), if the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module is higher than 25°C during operation, its output Power will drop.
辐照-温度对光伏系统发电效率影响系数λ T(h)的公式如下： The formula of radiation-temperature influence coefficient λ T (h) on photovoltaic system power generation efficiency is as follows:
λ T(h)＝1-0.0045×(T *(h)-25) λ T (h)＝1-0.0045×(T * (h)-25)
其中，T *(h)为光伏电池组件温度，T *(h)＝T amb+(d T */dI)×I tmax，dT */dI为光伏电池组件温度随辐照强度变化的梯度；T amb为环境温度；I tmax为最佳辐照强度。 Wherein, T * (h) is the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module, T * (h)=T amb +(dT * /dI)×I tmax , and dT * /dI is the gradient of the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module as the radiation intensity changes; T amb is the ambient temperature; I tmax is the best radiation intensity.
步骤(3)的具体过程为：The concrete process of step (3) is:
(3-1)多个光伏电池组件中，1号光伏组件水平放置，计算得到的全 局辐射标记为GHI1；n号光伏组件倾斜放置，其倾斜面法向与水平面成θ夹角，计算得到的全局辐射标记为GHIn；(3-1) Among multiple photovoltaic cell modules, No. 1 photovoltaic module is placed horizontally, and the calculated global radiation is marked as GHI1; No. n photovoltaic module is placed obliquely, and the normal direction of the inclined surface forms an angle θ with the horizontal plane, and the calculated Global radiation is marked as GHIn;
(3-2)由于全局辐射GHI等于直接辐射DNI和散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI之和，则推算出1号光伏组件计算得到GHI1为：(3-2) Since the global radiation GHI is equal to the sum of the direct radiation DNI, the diffuse radiation DHI and the ground reflection GAI, it is calculated that the No. 1 photovoltaic module calculates GHI1 as:
GHI1＝DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1(θ 1) GHI1＝DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1(θ 1 )
2号至n号光伏组件的倾斜面法向与水平面存在夹角θ i，i∈[2,n]，则GHIi表示为： There is an included angle θ i between the normal direction of the sloped surface and the horizontal plane of No. 2 to No. n photovoltaic modules, i∈[2,n], then GHIi is expressed as:
GHI2＝DNI2·α(θ 2)+DHI2·β(θ 2)+GAI2·γ(θ 2)+error2(θ 2) GHI2＝DNI2·α(θ 2 )+DHI2·β(θ 2 )+GAI2·γ(θ 2 )+error2(θ 2 )
……
GHIn＝DNIn·α(θ n)+DHIn·β(θ n)+GAI2·γ(θ n)+errorn(θ n) GHIn＝DNIn·α(θ n )+DHIn·β(θ n )+GAI2·γ(θ n )+errorn(θ n )
其中，α(θ i)，β(θ i)，γ(θ i)为因夹角θ i的存在导致的DNIi、DHIi、GAIi在光伏组件i上的转化系数，errori(θ i)为各个光伏组件推算出全局辐射的误差； Among them, α(θ i ), β(θ i ), γ(θ i ) are the conversion coefficients of DNIi, DHIi, and GAIi on photovoltaic module i caused by the existence of the included angle θ i , and errori(θ i ) is each The photovoltaic module calculates the error of the global radiation;
(3-3)选取j号光伏电池组件为基准，将各个光伏组件与该基准进行两两校正，选取基准光伏组件的法向与水平面的角度θ j，得到一系列的偏差值，公式如下： (3-3) Select the photovoltaic cell module j as the benchmark, and perform two-two corrections on each photovoltaic module and the benchmark, and select the angle θ j between the normal direction of the benchmark photovoltaic module and the horizontal plane to obtain a series of deviation values. The formula is as follows:
Δerror ij＝GHIi(θ j)-GHIj(θ j),j∈[1,n]，θ j∈[0°,90°] Δerror ij ＝GHIi(θ j )-GHIj(θ j ),j∈[1,n]，θ j ∈[0°,90°]
其中，Δerror ij表示第i号和j号光伏电池组件在j号光伏电池组件的位置时，测得的全局辐射值之间的差值；GHIi(θ j)表示第i号光伏电池组件在j号光伏电池组件的位置时测得的全局辐射值；GHIj(θ j)表示j号光伏电池组件测得的全局辐射值； Among them, Δerror ij represents the difference between the measured global radiation values when the i-th photovoltaic cell module and the j-th photovoltaic cell module are at the position of the j-th photovoltaic cell module; GHIi(θ j ) means that the i-th photovoltaic cell module is at j The global radiation value measured at the position of No. photovoltaic cell module; GHIj(θ j ) represents the global radiation value measured by No. j photovoltaic cell module;
(3-4)将偏差值、GHIi的各个已知值结合步骤(3-2)的公式，采用贝叶斯滤波分析，利用基于模型的信息和数据融合方法，计算出各个光伏组件的全局辐射GHI对应的直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI。(3-4) Combine the deviation value and each known value of GHIi with the formula in step (3-2), use Bayesian filter analysis, and use the model-based information and data fusion method to calculate the global radiation of each photovoltaic module The GHI corresponds to the direct radiation DNI, the diffuse radiation DHI and the ground reflection GAI.
优选地，步骤(3-3)中，选取1号光伏组件为基准，即取j＝1，将各 个光伏组件与1号光伏组件进行两两校正，基准光伏组件的法向与水平面的角度θ 1＝90°。 Preferably, in step (3-3), No. 1 photovoltaic module is selected as the reference, that is, j=1, and each photovoltaic module and No. 1 photovoltaic module are corrected in pairs, and the angle θ between the normal direction of the reference photovoltaic module and the horizontal plane 1 = 90°.
步骤(4)中，太阳辐射吸收量TAI的计算公式为：In step (4), the calculation formula of solar radiation absorption TAI is:
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000003
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000004
表示光伏电池组件自身平面与水平面的夹角，φ sun为太阳方位角；θ sun为太阳高度角；
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000005
分别表示因夹角
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000006
导致的光伏电池组件对直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI、地面反射GAI的转换效率，取值范围均在[0,1]；
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000008
分别表示因夹角
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000009
导致的光伏电池组件对直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI、地面反射GAI的吸收比例，取值范围均在[0,1]。 in,
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000004
Indicates the angle between the plane of the photovoltaic cell module itself and the horizontal plane, φ sun is the azimuth angle of the sun; θ sun is the altitude angle of the sun;
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000005
represent the angle
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000006
The resulting conversion efficiencies of photovoltaic cell modules to direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI, and ground reflection GAI are all in the range of [0,1];
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000008
represent the angle
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000009
The resulting absorption ratios of photovoltaic cell modules to direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI, and ground reflection GAI are all in the range of [0,1].
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、采用低成本光伏组件采集数据计算得到辐照数据，再以此作为计算学习的原始数据，能够有效地降低成本。1. Using low-cost photovoltaic modules to collect data to calculate the irradiation data, and then use it as the original data for calculation and learning, can effectively reduce the cost.
2、基于多个低成本光伏组件的相互校正偏差，采用贝叶斯滤波和基于模型的信息和数据融合方法，可有效还原高精度辐照值。2. Based on the mutual correction deviation of multiple low-cost photovoltaic modules, Bayesian filtering and model-based information and data fusion methods can effectively restore high-precision radiation values.
3、低成本光伏组件的数量用户可自行定义，只要大于等于2个即可，可适应多种应用场景。3. The number of low-cost photovoltaic modules can be defined by the user, as long as it is greater than or equal to 2, it can be adapted to various application scenarios.
4、本发明的方法能够一次性同时测量全局辐射、直接辐射、散射辐射、地面反射以及设备误差，十分高效。4. The method of the present invention can simultaneously measure global radiation, direct radiation, scattered radiation, ground reflection and equipment error at one time, and is very efficient.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例中一种低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法流程示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例中太阳辐照及其组成部分结构图；Fig. 2 is solar radiation and its component structure diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例中的水平放置的光伏组件方位；Fig. 3 is the orientation of the photovoltaic module placed horizontally in the embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例中的倾斜放置的光伏组件方位；Fig. 4 is the orientation of the obliquely placed photovoltaic module in the embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明的太阳各辐照值计算步骤流程图；Fig. 5 is a flow chart of calculation steps of each solar irradiance value of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例中计算出的全局辐射及其组成部分(直接辐射、散射辐射、地面反射)曲线图。Fig. 6 is a graph of global radiation and its components (direct radiation, diffuse radiation, ground reflection) calculated in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述，需要指出的是，以下所述实施例旨在便于对本发明的理解，而对其不起任何限定作用。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, but do not limit it in any way.
如图1所示，一种低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，采用多个光伏电池组件发电情况，搭建光伏电池辐照-发电量模型，计算出辐照量；通过全局辐射GHI与直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI之间的关系模型，计算得到直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI数据，进而测算太阳能转化部件的太阳能吸收量TAI。As shown in Figure 1, a low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method uses the power generation of multiple photovoltaic cell components to build a photovoltaic cell radiation-power generation model to calculate the radiation amount; through the global radiation GHI and direct radiation The relationship model between DNI, diffuse radiation DHI and ground reflection GAI is calculated to obtain the direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI and ground reflection GAI data, and then measure the solar energy absorption TAI of the solar energy conversion component.
首先，发电量-最佳辐照强度模型如下式：First, the power generation-optimum radiation intensity model is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000010
其中，P为发电量；A为光伏组件的面积；PR(h)为系统效率；I tmax(h)为最佳辐照强度；η为组件效率；i为大于等于1的自然数。 Among them, P is the power generation; A is the area of the photovoltaic module; PR(h) is the system efficiency; I tmax (h) is the optimal irradiation intensity; η is the module efficiency; i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
具体的，系统效率模型如下：Specifically, the system efficiency model is as follows:
PR(h)＝PR rated×λ low(h)×λ T(h) PR(h)＝PR rated ×λ low (h)×λ T (h)
其中，PR rated为考虑失配损失、连接损失、遮蔽损失后的系统额定效率；λ low(h)为低辐照条件对光伏系统发电效率影响系数；λ T(h)为辐照-温度对光伏发电效率的影响系数。 Among them, PR rated is the rated efficiency of the system after considering the mismatch loss, connection loss, and shading loss; λ low (h) is the influence coefficient of low irradiation conditions on the photovoltaic system power generation efficiency; λ T (h) is the radiation-temperature effect Influence coefficient of photovoltaic power generation efficiency.
λ low(h)为低辐照条件对光伏系统发电量的影响系数，建立的辐照-光伏发电量的系数模型如下： λ low (h) is the influence coefficient of low irradiation conditions on the power generation of photovoltaic systems, and the coefficient model of radiation-photovoltaic power generation is established as follows:
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000011
I tmax(h)为最佳辐照强度；I 1、I 2分别为第一预设值和第二预设值，且I 1<I 2。一般来讲，当辐照强度小于或等于I 1时，光伏系统不发电；当辐照强度大于或等于I 2时，光伏系统按照额定效率发电；当辐照强度介于I 1、I 2之间时，光伏系统的发电效率较低。 I tmax (h) is the optimum irradiation intensity; I 1 and I 2 are respectively the first preset value and the second preset value, and I 1< I 2 . Generally speaking, when the irradiation intensity is less than or equal to I 1 , the photovoltaic system will not generate electricity; when the irradiation intensity is greater than or equal to I 2 , the photovoltaic system will generate electricity according to the rated efficiency; when the irradiation intensity is between I 1 and I 2 time, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system is low.
光伏电池组件的额定功率是在标准测试条件(辐照度1000W/m 2，组件温度25℃，空气质量AM1.5)下测定的，如果在运行时，光伏电池组件温度高于25℃，其输出功率将会下降。可选的，辐照-温度-发电效率模型如下： The rated power of the photovoltaic cell module is measured under standard test conditions (irradiance 1000W/m 2 , module temperature 25°C, air quality AM1.5), if the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module is higher than 25°C during operation, its The output power will drop. Optionally, the radiation-temperature-power generation efficiency model is as follows:
λ T(h)＝1-0.0045×(T *(h)-25) λ T (h)＝1-0.0045×(T * (h)-25)
其中，λ T(h)为辐照-温度对光伏系统发电效率的影响系数；T *(h)为光伏电池组件温度，T *(h)＝T amb+(d T */dI)×I tmax，dT */dI为光伏电池组件温度随辐照强度变化的梯度，工程中可取30℃m 2/kW；T amb为环境温度；I tmax为最佳辐照强度。 Among them, λ T (h) is the radiation-temperature influence coefficient on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system; T * (h) is the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module, T * (h) =T amb +(d T * /dI)×I tmax , dT * /dI is the gradient of the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module changing with the irradiation intensity, which is 30°Cm 2 /kW in engineering; T amb is the ambient temperature; I tmax is the optimal irradiation intensity.
由以上公式可以推导出最佳辐照强度，即为全局辐射(GHI，Global Horizontal Irradiance)标记为GHI。The optimal irradiation intensity can be deduced from the above formula, that is, global radiation (GHI, Global Horizontal Irradiance) marked as GHI.
如图2所示，n个光伏组件布置后与数据采集单元连接，数据采集单元实时采集数据后发送给中央计算单元，处理后将结果输出。本发明需要采用数量不少于2个(n≥2)的光伏电池组件，其中1号光伏组件水平放置，如图3所示，其计算得到的全局辐射(GHI，Global Horizontal Irradiance)标记为GHI1。n号光伏组件倾斜放置，如图4所示，其倾斜面法向与水平面成θ夹角，其测量得到的全局辐射标记为GHIn。As shown in Figure 2, n photovoltaic modules are arranged and connected to the data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit collects data in real time and sends it to the central computing unit, and outputs the result after processing. The present invention needs to use not less than 2 photovoltaic cell modules (n≥2), wherein No. 1 photovoltaic module is placed horizontally, as shown in Figure 3, and the calculated global radiation (GHI, Global Horizontal Irradiance) is marked as GHI1 . Photovoltaic module n is placed obliquely, as shown in Figure 4, the normal direction of the inclined surface forms an angle θ with the horizontal plane, and the measured global radiation is marked as GHIn.
由于全局辐射等于直接辐射(DNI，Direct Normal Irradiance)和散射辐射(DHI，Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance)以及地面反射(Ground Albedo  Irradiance)之和，则可推算出1号光伏组件，得到GHI1为：Since the global radiation is equal to the sum of direct radiation (DNI, Direct Normal Irradiance), diffuse radiation (DHI, Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance) and ground reflection (Ground Albedo Irradiance), the No. 1 photovoltaic module can be calculated, and GHI1 is obtained as:
GHI1＝DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1(θ 1) GHI1＝DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1(θ 1 )
由于2号至n号光伏组件的法相均与水平面存在夹角θ i，i∈[2,n]，则GHIi均可表示为： Since there is an included angle θ i between the normal phases of PV modules No. 2 to No. n and the horizontal plane, i∈[2,n], then GHIi can be expressed as:
GHI2＝DNI2·α(θ 2)+DHI2·β(θ 2)+GAI2·γ(θ 2)+error2(θ 2) GHI2＝DNI2·α(θ 2 )+DHI2·β(θ 2 )+GAI2·γ(θ 2 )+error2(θ 2 )
……
GHIn＝DNIn·α(θ n)+DHIn·β(θ n)+GAI2·γ(θ n)+errorn(θ n) GHIn＝DNIn·α(θ n )+DHIn·β(θ n )+GAI2·γ(θ n )+errorn(θ n )
其中，α(θ i)，β(θ i)，γ(θ i)为因夹角θ i的存在导致的DNIi、DHIi、GAIi在光伏组件i上的转化系数； Among them, α(θ i ), β(θ i ), γ(θ i ) are the conversion coefficients of DNIi, DHIi, and GAIi on photovoltaic module i caused by the existence of the included angle θ i ;
errori(θ i)为各个光伏组件推算出全局辐射的误差。 errori(θ i ) is the error of the global radiation calculated for each PV module.
GHI1到GHIn均可通过光伏组件发电情况直接计算得到数值。The values from GHI1 to GHIn can be directly calculated through the power generation of photovoltaic modules.
(1)偏差值校正(1) Offset correction
选取任一光伏组件为基准，比如选取1号光伏组件，将各个光伏组件与1号光伏组件进行两两校正，同时选取不同的角度θ i，可得到一系列的偏差值： Select any photovoltaic module as a benchmark, for example, select No. 1 photovoltaic module, and perform pairwise corrections on each photovoltaic module and No. 1 photovoltaic module, and select different angles θ i at the same time, and a series of deviation values can be obtained:
Δerror i1＝GHIi(θ 1)-GHI1(θ 1)i∈[2,n]，θ 1＝90° Δerror i1 = GHIi(θ 1 )-GHI1(θ 1 )i∈[2,n], θ 1 =90°
(2)贝叶斯滤波(2) Bayesian filtering
将偏差值Δerror ij(1号光伏组件和其他光伏组件的偏差)及GHIi各个已知值结合以下等式： Combine the deviation value Δerror ij (deviation between No. 1 photovoltaic module and other photovoltaic modules) and each known value of GHIi with the following equation:
GHI1＝DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1(θ 1) GHI1＝DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1(θ 1 )
GHI2＝DNI2·α(θ 2)+DHI2·β(θ 2)+GAI2·γ(θ 2)+error2(θ 2) GHI2＝DNI2·α(θ 2 )+DHI2·β(θ 2 )+GAI2·γ(θ 2 )+error2(θ 2 )
……
GHIn＝DNIn·α(θ n)+DHIn·β(θ n)+GAI2·γ(θ n)+errorn(θ n) GHIn＝DNIn·α(θ n )+DHIn·β(θ n )+GAI2·γ(θ n )+errorn(θ n )
采用贝叶斯滤波分析，利用基于模型的信息和数据融合方法，可计算出各个光伏组件计算得到GHI对应的DNI、DHI以及GAI，计算流程如图5所示。Using Bayesian filter analysis and using model-based information and data fusion methods, the DNI, DHI and GAI corresponding to GHI can be calculated for each photovoltaic module. The calculation process is shown in Figure 5.
如图6所示，为计算出的全局辐射及直接辐射、散射辐射、地面反射的曲线图。根据计算的直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI值，采用如下公式计算光伏电池组件的太阳辐射吸收量TAI：As shown in Figure 6, it is a graph of the calculated global radiation, direct radiation, diffuse radiation, and ground reflection. According to the calculated direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI and ground reflection GAI values, the following formula is used to calculate the solar radiation absorption TAI of the photovoltaic cell module:
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000012
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000013
表示光伏电池组件自身平面与水平面的夹角；
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000015
分别表示因夹角
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000016
导致的光伏电池组件对直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI、地面反射GAI的转换效率，取值范围均在[0,1]；
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000017
分别表示因夹角
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000018
导致的光伏电池组件对直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI、地面反射GAI的吸收比例，取值范围均在[0,1]。 in,
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000013
Indicates the angle between the plane of the photovoltaic cell module itself and the horizontal plane;
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000015
represent the angle
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000016
The resulting conversion efficiencies of photovoltaic cell modules to direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI, and ground reflection GAI are all in the range of [0,1];
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000017
represent the angle
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000018
The resulting absorption ratios of photovoltaic cell modules to direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI, and ground reflection GAI are all in the range of [0,1].
为验证本发明的效果，本发明实施例以市面上常见的某品牌多晶光伏组件为例，其详细参数如下：标准测试条件下额定功率为270W，组件效率为16.5％，组件尺寸为1650mm*992mm。In order to verify the effect of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention takes a common brand of polycrystalline photovoltaic modules on the market as an example, and its detailed parameters are as follows: under standard test conditions, the rated power is 270W, the module efficiency is 16.5%, and the module size is 1650mm* 992mm.
取n＝4，当φ sun＝214.369,θ sun＝58.42时，四个光伏组件的安装角度分别为150°、0°、30°、60°。采集到的功率分别为132.3W、183.6W、199.8W、180.9W，温度分别为20.3℃、21.7℃、22.5℃、21.5℃。由采集到的四个光伏组件数据计算得到的辐照数分别为595.3W/m 2、763.5W/m 2、843.2W/m 2、786.4W/m 2。测算出来的各部分光照辐射强度为直接辐射DNI＝584.4W/m 2，散射辐射DHI＝253.8W/m 2，地面反射GAI＝246.3W/m 2。 Taking n=4, when φ sun =214.369, θ sun =58.42, the installation angles of the four photovoltaic modules are 150°, 0°, 30°, and 60° respectively. The collected powers are 132.3W, 183.6W, 199.8W, and 180.9W, and the temperatures are 20.3°C, 21.7°C, 22.5°C, and 21.5°C. The radiation numbers calculated from the collected data of the four photovoltaic modules are 595.3W/m 2 , 763.5W/m 2 , 843.2W/m 2 , and 786.4W/m 2 . The calculated illumination radiation intensity of each part is direct radiation DNI=584.4W/m 2 , diffuse radiation DHI=253.8W/m 2 , ground reflection GAI=246.3W/m 2 .
光伏电池组件为太阳能双面组件，与水平的夹角为20°。因夹角
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000019
导致的光伏电池组件对直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI、地面反射GAI的转换效率与吸收比例的乘积为c 1φ 1＝0.21；当散射辐射DHI在光伏电池组件的电池板正面时，c 2φ 2＝0.21，当散射辐射DHI在光伏电池组件的电池板反面时c 2φ 2＝0.19；当地面反射GAI在光伏电池组件的电池板正面时，c 3φ 3＝0.21，当地面反射GAI在光伏电池组件的电池板反面时， c 3φ 3＝0.19。 The photovoltaic cell module is a solar double-sided module, and the angle with the horizontal is 20°. Due to the angle
Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-000019
The resulting conversion efficiency and absorption ratio of the photovoltaic cell module to direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI, and ground reflection GAI are c 1 φ 1 = 0.21; when the scattered radiation DHI is on the front of the photovoltaic cell module, c 2 φ 2 ＝0.21, when the scattered radiation DHI is on the reverse side of the photovoltaic cell module, c 2 φ 2 ＝0.19; when the ground reflection GAI is on the front side of the photovoltaic cell module, c 3 φ 3 ＝0.21, when the ground reflection GAI is on the When the battery panel of the photovoltaic cell module is on the reverse side, c 3 φ 3 =0.19.
将上述数据带入TAI公式，计算得TAI＝220.865W/m 2。 Putting the above data into the TAI formula, the calculated TAI=220.865W/m 2 .
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案和有益效果进行了详细说明，应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充和等同替换，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The embodiments described above have described the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. All within the scope of the principles of the present invention Any modifications, supplements and equivalent replacements should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

  1. 一种低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A low-cost and high-precision solar radiation measurement method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    (1)根据多个光伏电池组件的发电情况，搭建发电量-最佳辐照强度模型，模型公式如下：(1) According to the power generation of multiple photovoltaic cell modules, build a power generation-optimum radiation intensity model. The model formula is as follows:
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100001
    其中，P为发电量；A为光伏组件的面积；PR(h)为光伏电池组件的系统效率；I tmax(h)为最佳辐照强度；η为组件效率；i为大于等于1的自然数； Among them, P is the power generation; A is the area of the photovoltaic module; PR(h) is the system efficiency of the photovoltaic cell module; I tmax (h) is the optimal irradiation intensity; η is the module efficiency; i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 ;
    (2)根据步骤(1)的公式，得到每个光伏电池组件的最佳辐照强度，即为全局辐射，标记为GHI；(2) According to the formula of step (1), obtain the optimal irradiation intensity of each photovoltaic cell module, be global radiation, be marked as GHI;
    (3)利用每个光伏电池组件的全局辐射GHI计算得到对应的直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI值；(3) Use the global radiation GHI of each photovoltaic cell module to calculate the corresponding direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI and ground reflection GAI values;
    (4)根据直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI值，计算各个光伏组件的太阳辐射吸收量TAI。(4) According to the direct radiation DNI, the diffuse radiation DHI and the ground reflection GAI value, calculate the solar radiation absorption TAI of each photovoltaic module.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，光伏电池组件的系统效率PR(h)的公式为：The method for measuring solar radiation with low cost and high precision according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the formula of the system efficiency PR (h) of the photovoltaic cell assembly is:
    PR(h)＝PR rated×λ low(h)×λ T(h) PR(h)＝PR rated ×λ low (h)×λ T (h)
    其中，PR rated为考虑失配损失、连接损失、遮蔽损失后的光伏系统额定效率；λ low(h)为低辐照条件对光伏系统发电效率影响系数；λ T(h)为辐照-温度对光伏发电效率的影响系数。 Among them, PR rated is the rated efficiency of the photovoltaic system after considering the mismatch loss, connection loss and shading loss; λ low (h) is the influence coefficient of low irradiation conditions on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system; λ T (h) is the irradiation-temperature Influence coefficient on photovoltaic power generation efficiency.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，其特征在于，低辐照条件对光伏系统发电效率影响系数λ low(h)的公式为： The method for measuring solar radiation with low cost and high precision according to claim 2, wherein the formula of the low-irradiation condition on the coefficient of influence of photovoltaic system power generation efficiency λ low (h) is:
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100002
    其中，I tmax(h)为最佳辐照强度；I 1、I 2分别为第一预设值和第二预设值，且I 1<I 2；当辐照强度小于或等于I 1时，光伏系统不发电；当辐照强度大于或等于I 2时，光伏系统按照额定效率发电；当辐照强度介于I 1、I 2之间时，光伏系统的发电效率较低。 Among them, I tmax (h) is the optimum irradiation intensity; I 1 and I 2 are the first preset value and the second preset value respectively, and I 1< I 2 ; when the irradiation intensity is less than or equal to I 1 , the photovoltaic system does not generate electricity; when the irradiance intensity is greater than or equal to I 2 , the photovoltaic system generates electricity according to the rated efficiency; when the irradiance intensity is between I 1 and I 2 , the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system is low.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，其特征在于，辐照-温度对光伏系统发电效率影响系数λ T(h)的公式如下： The method for measuring solar radiation with low cost and high precision according to claim 2, wherein the formula of radiation-temperature influence coefficient λ T (h) on photovoltaic system power generation efficiency is as follows:
    λ T(h)＝1-0.0045×(T *(h)-25) λ T (h)＝1-0.0045×(T * (h)-25)
    其中，T *(h)为光伏电池组件温度。 Wherein, T * (h) is the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，其特征在于，光伏电池组件温度T *(h)的公式如下： The method for measuring solar radiation with low cost and high precision according to claim 4, wherein the formula of the photovoltaic cell module temperature T * (h) is as follows:
    T *(h)＝T amb+(dT */dI)×I tmax， T * (h)=T amb +(dT * /dI)×I tmax ,
    其中，dT */dI为光伏电池组件温度随辐照强度变化的梯度，T amb为环境温度；I tmax为最佳辐照强度。 Among them, dT * /dI is the gradient of the photovoltaic cell module temperature changing with the irradiation intensity, T amb is the ambient temperature; I tmax is the optimal irradiation intensity.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)的具体过程为：The method for measuring solar radiation with low cost and high precision according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of step (3) is:
    (3-1)多个光伏电池组件中，1号光伏组件水平放置，计算得到的全局辐射标记为GHI1；n号光伏组件倾斜放置，其倾斜面法向与水平面成θ夹角，计算得到的全局辐射标记为GHIn；(3-1) Among multiple photovoltaic cell modules, No. 1 photovoltaic module is placed horizontally, and the calculated global radiation is marked as GHI1; No. n photovoltaic module is placed obliquely, and the normal direction of the inclined surface forms an angle θ with the horizontal plane, and the calculated Global radiation is marked as GHIn;
    (3-2)由于全局辐射GHI等于直接辐射DNI和散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI之和，则推算出1号光伏组件计算得到GHI1为：(3-2) Since the global radiation GHI is equal to the sum of the direct radiation DNI, the diffuse radiation DHI and the ground reflection GAI, it is calculated that the No. 1 photovoltaic module calculates GHI1 as:
    GHI1＝DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1(θ 1) GHI1＝DNI1+DHI1+GAI1+error1(θ 1 )
    2号至n号光伏组件的倾斜面法向与水平面存在夹角θ i，i∈[2,n]，则GHIi表示为： There is an included angle θ i between the normal direction of the sloped surface and the horizontal plane of No. 2 to No. n photovoltaic modules, i∈[2,n], then GHIi is expressed as:
    GHI2＝DNI2·α(θ 2)+DHI2·β(θ 2)+GAI2·γ(θ 2)+error2(θ 2) GHI2＝DNI2·α(θ 2 )+DHI2·β(θ 2 )+GAI2·γ(θ 2 )+error2(θ 2 )
    ……
    GHIn＝DNIn·α(θ n)+DHIn·β(θ n)+GAI2·γ(θ n)+errorn(θ n) GHIn＝DNIn·α(θ n )+DHIn·β(θ n )+GAI2·γ(θ n )+errorn(θ n )
    其中，α(θ i)，β(θ i)，γ(θ i)为因夹角θ i的存在导致的DNIi、DHIi、GAIi在光伏组件i上的转化系数，errori(θ i)为各个光伏组件推算出全局辐射的误差； Among them, α(θ i ), β(θ i ), γ(θ i ) are the conversion coefficients of DNIi, DHIi, and GAIi on photovoltaic module i caused by the existence of the included angle θ i , and errori(θ i ) is each The photovoltaic module calculates the error of the global radiation;
    (3-3)选取j号光伏电池组件为基准，将各个光伏组件与该基准进行两两校正，选取基准光伏组件的法向与水平面的角度θ j，得到一系列的偏差值，公式如下： (3-3) Select the photovoltaic cell module j as the benchmark, and perform two-two corrections on each photovoltaic module and the benchmark, and select the angle θ j between the normal direction of the benchmark photovoltaic module and the horizontal plane to obtain a series of deviation values. The formula is as follows:
    Δerror ij＝GHIi(θ j)-GHIj(θ j),j∈[1,n]，θ j∈[0°,90°] Δerror ij ＝GHIi(θ j )-GHIj(θ j ),j∈[1,n]，θ j ∈[0°,90°]
    其中，Δerror ij表示第i号和j号光伏电池组件在j号光伏电池组件的位置时，测得的全局辐射值之间的差值；GHIi(θ j)表示第i号光伏电池组件在j号光伏电池组件的位置时测得的全局辐射值；GHIj(θ j)表示j号光伏电池组件测得的全局辐射值； Among them, Δerror ij represents the difference between the measured global radiation values when the i-th photovoltaic cell module and the j-th photovoltaic cell module are at the position of the j-th photovoltaic cell module; GHIi(θ j ) means that the i-th photovoltaic cell module is at j The global radiation value measured at the position of No. photovoltaic cell module; GHIj(θ j ) represents the global radiation value measured by No. j photovoltaic cell module;
    (3-4)将偏差值、GHIi的各个已知值结合步骤(3-2)的公式，采用贝叶斯滤波分析，利用基于模型的信息和数据融合方法，计算出各个光伏组件的全局辐射GHI对应的直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI以及地面反射GAI。(3-4) Combine the deviation value and each known value of GHIi with the formula in step (3-2), use Bayesian filter analysis, and use the model-based information and data fusion method to calculate the global radiation of each photovoltaic module The GHI corresponds to the direct radiation DNI, the diffuse radiation DHI and the ground reflection GAI.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，其特征在于，步骤(3-3)中，选取1号光伏组件为基准，即取j＝1，将各个光伏组件与1号光伏组件进行两两校正，基准光伏组件的法向与水平面的角度θ 1＝90°。 The method for measuring solar radiation with low cost and high precision according to claim 6, wherein in step (3-3), No. 1 photovoltaic module is selected as a benchmark, that is, j=1 is taken, and each photovoltaic module is connected to No. 1 The photovoltaic modules are calibrated in pairs, and the angle θ 1 between the normal direction of the reference photovoltaic module and the horizontal plane is 90°.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的低成本高精度的太阳能辐射测量方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中，太阳辐射吸收量TAI的计算公式为：The method for measuring solar radiation with low cost and high precision according to claim 7, wherein in step (4), the calculation formula of solar radiation absorption TAI is:
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100003
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100004
    表示光伏电池组件自身平面与水平面的夹角，φ sun为太阳方位 角；θ sun为太阳高度角；
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100005
    分别表示因夹角
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100006
    导致的光伏电池组件对直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI、地面反射GAI的转换效率，取值范围均在[0,1]；
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100008
    分别表示因夹角
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100009
    导致的光伏电池组件对直接辐射DNI、散射辐射DHI、地面反射GAI的吸收比例，取值范围均在[0,1]。     in,
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100004
    Indicates the angle between the plane of the photovoltaic cell module itself and the horizontal plane, φ sun is the azimuth angle of the sun; θ sun is the altitude angle of the sun;
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100005
    represent the angle
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100006
    The resulting conversion efficiencies of photovoltaic cell modules to direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI, and ground reflection GAI are all in the range of [0,1];
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100008
    represent the angle
    Figure PCTCN2022108768-appb-100009
    The resulting absorption ratios of photovoltaic cell modules to direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI, and ground reflection GAI are all in the range of [0,1].
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