CN108008420A - Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message - Google Patents
Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message Download PDFInfo
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- CN108008420A CN108008420A CN201711231793.8A CN201711231793A CN108008420A CN 108008420 A CN108008420 A CN 108008420A CN 201711231793 A CN201711231793 A CN 201711231793A CN 108008420 A CN108008420 A CN 108008420A
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- key
- short message
- beidou navigation
- authentication
- big dipper
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/21—Interference related issues ; Issues related to cross-correlation, spoofing or other methods of denial of service
- G01S19/215—Interference related issues ; Issues related to cross-correlation, spoofing or other methods of denial of service issues related to spoofing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
- H04L9/3242—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving keyed hash functions, e.g. message authentication codes [MACs], CBC-MAC or HMAC
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message, including：Ground control centre generates key and basic navigation data is encrypted generation message authentication code MAC by key, adds in Beidou navigation text reserved byte and is sent to each MEO satellite as authentication information, and is sent to each user with Beidou navigation text；Added after key is encrypted in the outbound broadcast message persistently broadcasted and be sent to each GEO satellite, and it is broadcast to user in the form of short message；The user will receive Beidou navigation text and be stored, dock key in received short message and carry out key authentication, the Beidou navigation text received is encrypted by generation message authentication code MAC by the key of verification, and by it compared with the message authentication code MAC of reception, if comparative result be it is identical if be judged as that Big Dipper signal is actual signal.The present invention has more specific aim, flexibility, ensures authentication key safety, reduces accessing cost for data needed for certification.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Beidou navigation data processing field, is related to a kind of Beidou navigation text based on Big Dipper short message and recognizes
Card method.
Background technology
Since satellite-signal is relatively weak, rogue device can easily replace satellite-signal and transmit dummy location data.
According to the specifically under fire difference of target device, this fraud may trigger it is relatively benign (cause equipment user's erroneous cognition from
Oneself position) or potential fatal (causing ship to drift off the course) consequence.Submitted in 2001 in national transportation portion
Technical report in indicate gps signal fragility and civil GPS receivers existing for potential Deceiving interference threaten.Report
The anti-Cheat Jamming Technique of the proposition in the memorandum of Edwin L.Key is refer to, mainly includes six kinds of methods:Power is examined
Detection, inertial navigation combination consistency detection, polarization mode discriminating, angle of arrival detection, encryption certification when surveying, reaching.Technology 1 to 5 is
The mode of detection spoofing attack is realized in receiver aspect, but does not ensure that the validity of detection, and needs additionally hard
Part cost.And technology 6 (encryption and certification) is considered as a kind of anti-deception mode of most robustness.But real system application
In, navigation signal encrypt authentication techniques there are key safety, encryption certification caused by accessing cost for data the problems such as；Existing text at present
The signal authentication method for offering middle proposition mainly combines three kinds of methods including ECDSA, TESLA, ECDSA and TESLA, relative to
ECDSA authentication methods, TESLA certifications can save accessing cost for data, but there is also not up to standardization, to need receiver clock-offsets to be less than close
The problems such as key time delay, two kinds of modes being combined reduce ECDSA certification frequencies by being inserted into TESLA certifications in ECDSA,
So as to reduce byte overhead, but repeat certification and increase authentication calculations amount and data storage requirement, every section of text need to treat that ECDSA recognizes
Demonstrate,proved and just complete certification, the time is longer.In addition, the certificate scheme at present in existing program for Big Dipper signal is less.
The content of the invention
Problems to be solved by the invention are for the lower receiver Wrong localization of Deceiving interference effect, existing signal authentication side
The problem of formula key safety is poor, accessing cost for data caused by certification is big.
Technological means for solving problem is to propose a kind of Beidou navigation text authenticating party based on Big Dipper short message
Method, is designed signal authentication mode using the features such as Big Dipper short message security is good, two-way communication, is effectively being arranged with realizing
While except the induction of Deceiving interference signal malice, reduction signal by enemy's risk of interferences, ensure authentication key safety, reduce and recognize
Accessing cost for data needed for card.
A kind of Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message of the present invention, includes the following steps：
Ground control centre generates key and basic navigation data is encrypted generation authentification of message by key
Code MAC, message authentication code MAC is added in Beidou navigation text reserved byte and is sent to each MEO satellite as authentication information, and
The Beidou navigation text that this is added authentication information by MEO satellite is sent to each user；
The ground control centre adds after key is encrypted to be sent to each GEO in the outbound broadcast message persistently broadcasted and defends
Star, and GEO satellite broadcasts it to user in the form of short message；
The user is stored the Beidou navigation text for receiving MEO satellite transmission, and the received GEO satellite of docking
Broadcast key in short message and carry out key authentication, the Beidou navigation text received is carried out by identical add by the key of verification
Close processing generation message authentication code MAC, and by message authentication code in the message authentication code MAC of generation and the authentication information that receives
MAC is compared, if comparative result be it is identical if be judged as that Big Dipper signal is actual signal.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the ground control centre is by randomly generating
Seed key and to broadcast time of key and generate each key and root key, by key and root key with it is corresponding broadcast the time into
Row storage.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the root key is according to user demand and renewal week
Phase is broadcast.
Further, meet single caused by function F as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the whole key
To chain, it is specially：
K0=Fn(Kn)
Wherein, FnRepresent that n recurrence uses function F, KnFor random seed key, K0For root key；The unidirectional chain by
KnStart, K0Terminate.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, short message and MEO that the GEO satellite is broadcast
Exist between Beidou navigation text transmitted by satellite and send interval.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, using full information certification and minimal information authenticating party
Formula is authenticated navigation message.
Further, the transformat of short message is broadcast as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the GEO satellite
Including instruction, message header, telegraph text content, verification and four parts.
Invention effect is, compared with prior art, the present invention can possess advantage：
(1) present invention combines Beidou navigation text and Big Dipper short message feature, loses fault-tolerant certification using time effect stream
The mode of mechanism (TESLA) certification, designs applications of the TESLA on the Big Dipper, and key, which is put into Big Dipper short message, to be added
User is broadcast to after close, there is more preferable security.
(2) the characteristics of present invention combines Big Dipper short message transmitted in both directions, broadcasts root key, compared to according to user's application
There is method to have more specific aim, flexibility in a manner of fixed frequency transmits root key, greatly reduce the unnecessary biography of root key
It is defeated.Signal authentication mode is designed using the features such as Big Dipper short message security is good, two-way communication, can effectively excluded
While the induction of Deceiving interference signal malice, reduction signal are by enemy's risk of interferences, ensure authentication key safety, reduce certification
Required accessing cost for data.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is system schematic used by authentication method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of authentication method in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the unidirectional chain relation schematic diagram of key of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is Beidou navigation text main frame structure and distribution map in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the reserved page figure of Beidou navigation text subframe 5 in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is Big Dipper short message format chart in the present invention.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, it is described in detail based on attached drawing for the present invention.
The present invention proposes a kind of Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message, this method based on system such as
Shown in Fig. 1, including：Ground control centre, MEO satellite, GEO satellite and user, wherein ground control centre can pass through injection
Stand to send corresponding information to MEO satellite, GEO satellite, and user and can include all types of user terminal.
Specifically, authentication method principle of the invention is as shown in Fig. 2, include the following steps：
Step 1, ground control centre generation key；And basic navigation data are encrypted by generation letter by key
Authentication code MAC is ceased, message authentication code MAC is added in Beidou navigation text reserved byte and is sent to each MEO as authentication information
Satellite, and the authentication information is sent to each user by MEO satellite with Beidou navigation text.
Wherein, ground control centre by the seed key that randomly generates and to broadcast key time generate each key with
Root key, time progress secure store is broadcast by key with corresponding.Key needs to be used according to the time of broadcasting formulated in advance, and
Broadcast in strict accordance with the time is broadcast.
The root key can be broadcast according to user demand and update cycle, in addition to new key chain situation is enabled, root
The use lost to the user to file an application, such as new user or root key specific can be broadcast according to Big Dipper short message two-way communication feature
Family, the characteristics of being broadcast relative to conventional root key with fixed frequency, more flexibility, can reduce unnecessary root key and send.
Step 2, the ground control centre add in the outbound broadcast message persistently broadcasted after key is encrypted and are sent to
Each GEO satellite, and GEO satellite broadcasts it to user in the form of short message.
Preferably, GEO satellite broadcasts it to user after a certain period of time in the form of short message in delay.
Step 3, the user are stored the Beidou navigation text for receiving MEO satellite transmission, and docking is received
GEO satellite broadcasts key in short message and carries out key authentication, is carried out the Beidou navigation text received by the key of verification
Identical encryption generation message authentication code MAC, and by the message authentication code MAC of generation with believing in the authentication information that receives
Breath authentication code MAC be compared, if comparative result be it is identical if be judged as that Big Dipper signal is actual signal.
Wherein key is verified that root key is according to user demand and update cycle by root key or the key having verified that
Broadcast, with reference to Big Dipper short message two-way communication feature, in addition to new key chain situation is enabled, specific can broadcast and give proposition Shen
The user that user please, such as new user or root key lose.
Meanwhile in the method, navigation message is authenticated using full information certification and minimal information authentication mode；It is logical
Crossing the certification of offer full information includes certification ephemeris and clock information, and minimal information certification only certification IOD two ways, recognizes first
Full information certification is used during card, when user has effective ephemeris and clock information, using minimal information authentication mode, is reduced
The authentication mode of unnecessary text is to reduce authentication error rate.Wherein the type of authentication mode is with shapes of the MAC of generation to number
Formula distinguishes.
In the embodiment of the present invention, with reference to civilian Big Dipper short message transmission frequency 1 minute 1 time, using per two to three masters
The mode of frame certification once, at authentication frame j, ground control centre passes through key KjBasic navigation in the prime frame that will be authenticated
Generation message authentication code MAC is encrypted in dataj, by message authentication code MACjAnd authentication-related information adds Beidou navigation
Authentication information is used as in text reserved byte, is sent to each MEO satellite, root key, corresponding secret key are put into Big Dipper short message
Delay is broadcast to authorized commercial user after a certain period of time, since receiver clock-offsets are generally no greater than 1ms, therefore can be close in guarantee
In the case of key is more than this clock correction to all corresponding MAC delays, sends interval with reference to Big Dipper short message and chosen.To solve
TESLA certifications need receiver time and the thick stationary problem of satellite time, and receiver clock-offsets are usually no more than 1ms, appropriate delay
Key distribution time in Big Dipper short message, the reliability in a manner of ensureing TESLA.
The receiver that the user uses buffers its received navigation message of institute, after a bit of time, GEO before certification
Satellite issue key Kj, the user of recipient is by having verified that key Kj-iOr root key K0Verify current key KjIt is true
Property, the afterwards K by having verified thatjThe data packet of its buffering previous is encrypted to obtain message authentication code MAC, with receiving before
To message authentication code MAC verification is compared, if identical prove that the signal that receives is the actual signal from satellite.
In the method for the present invention, all keys broadcast meet the unidirectional chain that function F is produced.The key wherein broadcast afterwards can
With the key and root key first broadcast to the generation of required number by performing function F, it can receive whether key can lead to according to current
Cross key or the root key verification current key that the generation of individual event function has verified that.Key unidirectional chain such as Fig. 3, production Methods are such as
Under：
K0=Fn(Kn)
Wherein, FnRepresent that n recurrence uses function F, KnFor random seed key, K0For root key.Unidirectional chain is by KnOpen
Begin, K0Terminate.
The Cipher Strength of structure is produced for increase chain, it is real by adding temporal information in hash known to receiver
It is existing.The function F of use is as follows：
F(Km,GSTj)=trunc (len, hash (Km||GSTj))
KmKey as function input, GSTjThe dipper system time broadcast for authentication frame j counterpart keys, trunc are to cut
Disconnected function, len are the length of key, and hash is the hash function used, | | it is by KmAnd GSTjIt is linked to be the computing of a bit chain
Symbol.One authentication frame points to the time interval of new authentication information (MACs and key) transmission.
And the generating mode of message authentication code MAC is as follows：
MACi,j=trunc (n, mac (Kj,MAC,(i||CTR||Pj,i)))
Wherein MACi,jTo launch in authentication frame j with the label of the navigation information of certification satellite i, CTR is label position in transmission
The counter put, Pj,iFor the navigation data of satellite i at the frame j to be verified, n is the truncation length of MAC.Common MAC function is such as
HMAC-SHA-256、CMAC-AES。
In the present embodiment, the main frame structure of Beidou navigation text D1 and data content distribution are as shown in Figure 4.Subframe 1 is to son
Frame 3 broadcasts basic navigation data, and under normal circumstances, receiver only needs resolving basic navigation data just to resolve positioning,；Son
Data in frame 4 and 5 are sent by 24 page timesharing, and preceding 10 pages of wherein whole pages of subframe 4 and subframe 5 are broadcast entirely
The almanac data of portion's satellite and with the time synchronization data of other systems etc..The 11-24 pages of subframe 5 are the reserved page, such as
Shown in Fig. 5.The certificate scheme that the present invention designs is exactly to store MAC and coherent signal certification letter using the reserved page of subframe 5
Breath.
Under normal circumstances, the receiver that user uses only needs resolving basic navigation data just to resolve positioning.In order to
Calculation amount is reduced, saves the verification time, is only signed to the navigation data in subframe 1,2,3, going through in subframe 4 and subframe 5
Book data are not involved in signing.The ephemeris and clock and the IODnav authentication modes of minimal information of full information certification are provided at the same time, it is first
Full information certification is used during secondary certification, when user has effective ephemeris and clock information, using minimal information authentication mode.
Wherein the type of authentication mode is distinguished with the MAC of generation in the form of numbering.So design does not interfere with positioning calculation
Function, but also serious forgiveness can be increased.
Key length selects in the method for the present invention, and the key length 80 can ensure not to be cracked in 1 year, if
Need to use 20 to 30 years, 128 keys need to be used, according to American National Standard and the guidance side of technical research institute (NIST)
Pin, encryption and authentication method only just can guarantee that effective authenticated time in the case where equivalent symmetrical key length is at least 128
More than the year two thousand thirty, key length is drafted as 128.
Also, the MAC length blocked is set, and MAC can only be guessed by information and key generation output random sequence, attacker
MAC, also is difficult to guess even if MAC is as short as several, and the possibility that the MAC of 10 is hypothesized out only has 0.097%.
And Big Dipper short message form and cipher key location are set：Big Dipper short message data transmission format includes instruction, message
Header, telegraph text content, verification and four parts, at most available 960bit, as shown in Figure 6.For Beidou navigation message format
It is designed, key is put into after being encrypted in Big Dipper short message and is broadcast to user, mainly for authorized commercial user, relatively
Greatly reduced in other signal authentication methods in shared navigation message and reserve digit, there is more preferable security.The key
Length 128bit, to reduce byte needed for key, same all satellites of authentication frame use same key, and every short message includes one
The key of a authentication frame, sends after appropriate delay, is later than corresponding more than navigation message 1ms to ensure to reach receiver time.
It is very short the time required to due to the iterative calculation for certification, therefore authenticated time depends primarily upon original signal type hair
The characteristics of sending interval, being sent one time for 1 minute with reference to civilian Big Dipper short message, the transmission in (1 to 2 minutes) of every 2 to 4 prime frames is once recognized
When demonstrate,proving information, authenticated time is 1 to 2 minutes.
To sum up, key is put into Big Dipper short message after encryption and is broadcast to user by authentication method of the invention, has more preferable
Security.With reference to the characteristics of Big Dipper short message transmitted in both directions, according to user application broadcast root key, compared to existing method with
The mode of fixed frequency transmission root key has more specific aim, flexibility, greatly reduces the unnecessary transmission of root key.
It should be noted that described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be appreciated that for art technology
For personnel, some changes and improvements can also be made on the premise of the technology of the present invention design is not departed from, these are included in
In protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Ground control centre generates key and basic navigation data is encrypted generation message authentication code by key
MAC, message authentication code MAC is added in Beidou navigation text reserved byte and is sent to each MEO satellite as authentication information, and
The Beidou navigation text for adding authentication information is sent to each user by MEO satellite；
The ground control centre adds in the outbound broadcast message persistently broadcasted after key is encrypted and is sent to each GEO satellite,
And GEO satellite broadcasts it to user in the form of short message；
The user is stored the Beidou navigation text for receiving MEO satellite transmission, and the received GEO satellite of docking is broadcast
Key carries out key authentication in short message, is carried out the Beidou navigation text basic navigation data received by the key of verification
Identical encryption generation message authentication code MAC, and by the message authentication code MAC of generation with believing in the authentication information that receives
Breath authentication code MAC be compared, if comparative result be it is identical if be judged as that Big Dipper signal is actual signal.
2. the Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message according to claim 1, it is characterised in that describedly
Face control centre is by the seed key that randomly generates and to broadcast time of key and generates each key and root key, by each key
Broadcast the time with root key with corresponding and stored.
3. the Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described
Key is broadcast according to user demand and update cycle.
4. the Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described complete
Portion's key meets unidirectional chain caused by function F, is specially：
K0=Fn(Kn)
Wherein, FnRepresent that n recurrence uses function F, KnFor random seed key, K0For root key；The unidirectional chain is by KnOpen
Begin, K0Terminate.
5. the Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Exist in the short message that GEO satellite is broadcast between key Beidou navigation text corresponding to transmitted by MEO satellite and send interval.
6. the Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message according to claim 1, it is characterised in that using complete
Authentification of message and minimal information two ways are authenticated navigation message.
7. the Beidou navigation text authentication method based on Big Dipper short message according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The transformat that GEO satellite broadcasts short message includes instruction, message header, telegraph text content, verification and four parts.
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| CN109639431A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-04-16 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | A kind of text authentication method, equipment, system and medium |
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