CN108008372B - Focusing type laser ranging receiving optical system - Google Patents

Focusing type laser ranging receiving optical system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108008372B
CN108008372B CN201711319361.2A CN201711319361A CN108008372B CN 108008372 B CN108008372 B CN 108008372B CN 201711319361 A CN201711319361 A CN 201711319361A CN 108008372 B CN108008372 B CN 108008372B
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spherical surface
lens
single lens
positive
optical
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CN108008372A (en
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刘柯
朱浩
宋金城
董利军
郭力振
缪寅宵
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China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology CALT
Beijing Aerospace Institute for Metrology and Measurement Technology
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China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology CALT
Beijing Aerospace Institute for Metrology and Measurement Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/4912—Receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G02B15/16—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group
    • G02B15/163—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group
    • G02B15/167—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group having an additional fixed front lens or group of lenses
    • G02B15/173—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group having an additional fixed front lens or group of lenses arranged +-+

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

A focusing laser ranging receiving optical system comprises a fixed lens group, an optical filter and a converging focusing group, wherein the rightmost position of the optical system is a photosensitive surface of a system detector; the fixed lens group comprises a positive single lens A and a negative single lens, wherein the positive lens A is positioned on one side close to the object space. The single lens A and the negative single lens control the angle of the light rays emitted from the negative lens to the optical filter; the left side of the positive lens A is a convex spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 99.03mm, the right side of the positive lens A is a convex spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 2114.03mm, the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the right spherical surface is 10mm, and the focal length is 68.13 mm; the left side of the negative lens is a convex spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 40.96mm, the right side of the negative lens is a concave spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 21.29mm, and the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the top point of the right spherical surface is 4 mm; the optical filter is a piece of flat glass, the left surface and the right surface of the optical filter are both planes, and the axial interval is 3 mm; the axial interval between the left plane of the optical filter and the top point of the right concave spherical surface of the negative lens B is 4 mm.

Description

Focusing type laser ranging receiving optical system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical systems, and particularly relates to a focusing type laser ranging receiving optical system.
Background
In the laser ranging system, a laser emitting optical system projects laser onto the surface of an object to be measured. The laser is received by the receiving optical system after being diffused and reflected by the object to be measured and converged to the detector, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal for further processing, and the linear distance between the coordinate origin of the measuring system and the laser projection point on the surface of the object to be measured is calculated. Currently, the following aspects should be considered in designing such a receiving optical system:
(1) because the range of the measuring distance is large, the optical system has a focusing function, and focusing is carried out according to different working distances, so that light entering the receiving optical system is always converged in the photosensitive surface of the detector, the light energy reaching the photosensitive surface of the detector is improved, the signal to noise ratio is improved, and subsequent signal processing is facilitated;
(2) an optical filter is arranged in the system to filter light except for the measuring wavelength, so that the influence of stray light is reduced;
(3) the optical system should be as simple as possible and easy to implement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a focusing type laser ranging receiving optical system, which meets the requirement of measuring three-dimensional morphology with the working distance of 1-50 m, ensures that light entering the receiving optical system is incident into a detector photosensitive surface with the diameter of 0.2mm as intensively as possible in the whole working distance through focusing, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio. .
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a focusing laser ranging receiving optical system comprises a fixed lens group, an optical filter and a converging focusing group, wherein the rightmost position of the optical system is a photosensitive surface of a system detector; the fixed lens group comprises a positive single lens A and a negative single lens, wherein the positive lens A is positioned on one side close to the object space. The single lens A and the negative single lens control the angle of the light rays emitted from the negative lens to the optical filter; the left side of the positive lens A is a convex spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 99.03mm, the right side of the positive lens A is a convex spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 2114.03mm, the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the right spherical surface is 10mm, and the focal length is 68.13 mm; the left side of the negative lens is a convex spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 40.96mm, the right side of the negative lens is a concave spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 21.29mm, and the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the top point of the right spherical surface is 4 mm; the axial interval between the vertex of the right convex spherical surface of the positive lens A and the vertex of the left convex spherical surface of the negative lens is 86 mm;
the optical filter is a piece of flat glass, the left surface and the right surface of the optical filter are both planes, and the axial interval is 3 mm; the axial interval between the left plane of the optical filter and the top point of the right concave spherical surface of the negative lens B is 4mm, and the optical filter is arranged;
the convergence focusing group comprises a positive single lens B and a positive single lens C; the positive single lens B and the positive single lens C have the same structural parameters, namely, the left side is a convex spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 25.43mm, the right side is a concave spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 82.25mm, the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the right spherical surface is 4mm, wherein the positive lens C close to the photosensitive surface can do linear motion between the positive lens and the photosensitive surface, and further focusing is realized; the optical axis of the positive lens C is overlapped with the axes of the other optical lenses in the focusing process, and the axial interval between the top of the concave spherical surface of the positive lens B and the photosensitive surface is kept unchanged.
The positive lens A is made of H-ZK10 optical glass.
The negative lens is made of H-ZK10 optical glass, and the focal length is-79.45 mm.
The optical filter is made of H-ZK10 optical glass, and 1550nm anti-reflection optical films with the rest wavelengths cut off are plated on the left and right side surfaces of the optical filter.
The positive single lens B and the positive single lens C are both made of H-ZK10 optical glass and have the focal length of 59.35 mm.
The axial distance between the vertex of the convex spherical surface on the left side of the positive lens B and the optical filter is 2mm, and the axial distance between the vertex of the concave spherical surface on the right side and the position of the photosensitive surface is 32 mm.
The invention has the following remarkable effects: when the laser receiving system works at different working distances of 1-50 m, the root-mean-square diameter of a light spot at the photosensitive surface is shown in figure 4. It can be seen that the receiving system can make the diameter of the light spot at the photosensitive surface 4 always less than 0.06mm within the whole working distance by focusing, and within the effective area (diameter 0.2mm) of the photosensitive surface; all the lenses are made of the same optical glass material, and the two lenses of the convergence focusing group are the same, so that the processing cost of the optical element is favorably reduced. The maximum included angle between the light rays incident to the optical filter and the normal line of the surface of the optical filter within the whole working distance is less than 1.96 degrees, so that a good light filtering effect can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a focusing laser ranging receiving optical system according to the present invention with a working distance of 1 m;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a focusing laser ranging receiving optical system according to the present invention with a working distance of 50 m;
FIG. 3 is a variation curve of the axial interval between the positive lens 7 and the positive lens 8 of the focusing laser ranging receiving optical system according to the present invention
FIG. 4 shows the scattered spots of the focusing type laser ranging receiving optical system of the present invention after focusing at different working distances
In the figure: 1 fixed lens group, 2 optical filters, 3 convergence focusing group, 4 system detector photosensitive surfaces, 5 positive lenses A, 6 negative single lenses, 7 positive single lenses B, 8 positive single lenses C,
Detailed Description
A focusing laser ranging receiving optical system comprises a fixed lens group 1, an optical filter 2 and a focusing group 3, wherein the rightmost position of the optical system is a system detector photosurface 4. As shown in fig. 1. The fixed lens group 1 includes a positive single lens a5 and a negative single lens 6, wherein the positive lens a5 is located on the side close to the object. The single lens A5 and the negative single lens 6 form a structure similar to a Galilean telescope system, and are used for compressing the aperture of the light beam and controlling the angle of the light rays emitted to the optical filter 2 by the negative single lens 6. Therefore, on one hand, the apertures of the optical filter 2 and the focusing group 3 can be reduced, the overall weight is reduced, on the other hand, the included angle between the light rays incident to the optical filter 2 and the surface normal of the optical filter 2 is small, and the optical filtering effect is good. The left side of the positive lens A5 is a convex spherical surface, the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is 99.03mm, the right side of the positive lens A5 is a convex spherical surface, the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is 2114.03mm, the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the right spherical surface is 10mm, the positive lens A5 is made of H-ZK10 optical glass, and the focal length is 68.13 mm; the left side of the negative lens 6 is a convex spherical surface, the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is 40.96mm, the right side of the negative lens is a concave spherical surface, the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is 21.29mm, the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the right spherical surface is 4mm, the negative lens is made of H-ZK10 optical glass, and the focal length is-79.45 mm. The axial distance between the apex of the right convex spherical surface of the positive lens a5 and the apex of the left convex spherical surface of the negative lens 6 was 86 mm.
The optical filter 2 is made of H-ZK10 optical glass, the left surface and the right surface of the optical filter are both planes, the axial interval is 3 mm; the axial interval between the left side plane of the optical filter 2 and the top point of the right side concave spherical surface of the negative lens B6 is 4mm, and the left side surface and the right side surface of the optical filter 2 are plated with 1550nm anti-reflection optical films with the cut-off of other wavelengths. The maximum included angle between the light rays incident to the optical filter and the normal line of the surface of the optical filter within the whole working distance is less than 1.96 degrees, so that a good light filtering effect can be obtained.
The converging focusing group 3 includes a positive single lens B7 and a positive single lens C8. The positive single lens B7 and the positive single lens C8 have the same structural parameters, namely, the left side is a convex spherical surface, the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is 25.43mm, the right side is a concave spherical surface, the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is 82.25mm, the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the right spherical surface is 4mm, the positive single lens B7 and the right spherical surface are both made of H-ZK10 optical glass, and the focal length is 59.35 mm. Wherein the positive lens C8 near the photosurface 4 can move linearly between the positive lens 7 and the photosurface 4, thereby realizing focusing. The optical axis of the positive lens C8 and the axes of the other optical lenses are kept coincident in the focusing process, and the axial interval between the top of the concave spherical surface of the positive lens B7 and the photosensitive surface 4 is kept unchanged. The axial distance between the vertex of the left convex spherical surface of the positive lens B7 and the filter 2 is 2mm, and the axial distance between the vertex of the right concave spherical surface and the position 4 of the photosensitive surface is 32 mm.
The axial interval between the vertex of the convex spherical surface on the left side of the positive lens C8 and the vertex of the concave spherical surface on the right side of the positive lens B7 continuously changes from 1.9mm to 9.7mm corresponding to different working distances of 1m to 50m, and the change curve is shown in figure 3.

Claims (6)

1. A focusing type laser ranging receiving optical system is characterized in that: comprises a fixed lens group (1), an optical filter (2) and a convergence focusing group (3), wherein the rightmost position of an optical system is a system detector photosurface (4); the fixed lens group (1) comprises a positive lens A (5) and a negative single lens (6), wherein the positive lens A (5) is positioned on one side close to an object; the positive lens A (5) and the negative single lens (6) control the angle of light rays emitted to the optical filter (2) by the negative single lens (6); the left side of the positive lens A (5) is a convex spherical surface, the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is 99.03mm, the right side of the positive lens A is a convex spherical surface, the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is 2114.03mm, the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the right spherical surface is 10mm, and the focal length is 68.13 mm; the left side of the negative single lens (6) is a convex spherical surface, the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is 40.96mm, the right side of the negative single lens is a concave spherical surface, the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is 21.29mm, and the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the right spherical surface is 4 mm; the axial interval between the vertex of the right convex spherical surface of the positive lens A (5) and the vertex of the left convex spherical surface of the negative single lens (6) is 86 mm;
the optical filter (2) is a piece of flat glass, the left surface and the right surface of the optical filter are both planes, and the axial interval is 3 mm; the axial interval between the left side plane of the optical filter (2) and the top point of the right side concave spherical surface of the negative single lens (6) is 4 mm;
the convergence focusing group (3) comprises a positive single lens B (7) and a positive single lens C (8); the positive single lens B (7) and the positive single lens C (8) have the same structural parameters, namely, the left side is a convex spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 25.43mm, the right side is a concave spherical surface, the curvature radius of the spherical surface is 82.25mm, the axial interval between the top points of the left spherical surface and the right spherical surface is 4mm, wherein the positive single lens C (8) close to the photosensitive surface (4) can do linear motion between the positive single lens B (7) and the photosensitive surface (4), and further focusing is realized; in the focusing process, the optical axis of the positive single lens C (8) is kept coincident with the axes of the other optical lenses, and the axial interval between the top of the concave spherical surface of the positive single lens B (7) and the photosensitive surface (4) is kept unchanged.
2. The focusing laser ranging reception optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the positive lens A (5) is made of H-ZK10 optical glass.
3. The focusing laser ranging reception optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the negative single lens (6) is made of H-ZK10 optical glass, and the focal length is-79.45 mm.
4. The focusing laser ranging reception optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the optical filter (2) is made of H-ZK10 optical glass, and the left and right side surfaces of the optical filter are plated with 1550nm anti-reflection optical films with the rest wavelengths cut off.
5. The focusing laser ranging reception optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the positive single lens B (7) and the positive single lens C (8) are both made of H-ZK10 optical glass, and the focal length is 59.35 mm.
6. The focusing laser ranging reception optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the axial distance between the top point of the convex spherical surface on the left side of the positive single lens B (7) and the optical filter (2) is 2mm, and the axial distance between the top point of the concave spherical surface on the right side and the position of the photosensitive surface (4) is 32 mm.
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CN115877353B (en) * 2022-11-24 2023-08-25 苏州大学 Laser ranging's receipt ray apparatus system
CN116500587B (en) * 2023-06-25 2023-08-22 成都量芯集成科技有限公司 Adjustable laser ranging system

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CN106873124A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-06-20 广东工业大学 A kind of method for automatically adjusting focal length
CN107255859A (en) * 2017-08-11 2017-10-17 长春国科精密光学技术有限公司 It is a kind of to be used for day blind ultraviolet varifocal optical system

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