CN108008075B - Experimental device for be used for simulating loose sandstone oil reservoir sand-retaining medium jam - Google Patents
Experimental device for be used for simulating loose sandstone oil reservoir sand-retaining medium jam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device for simulating sand blocking medium blockage of a loose sandstone reservoir. The experimental device comprises a mechanical sieve tube model, wherein the mechanical sieve tube model is provided with a transparent tube, a first sand blocking screen and a second sand blocking screen which are detachably arranged in the transparent tube, so that the transparent tube is divided into a gravel cavity at the middle part, a material discharging cavity facing one side of the first sand blocking screen and a material feeding cavity facing one side of the second sand blocking screen, and the gravel cavity is used for filling gravel to form a gravel layer. By adopting the experimental device, the blocking process of the sand blocking medium caused by the formation sand production can be accurately simulated in a larger condition range, and the analysis and the research of the blocking mechanism of the sand blocking medium are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of loose sandstone reservoir exploitation, and particularly relates to an experimental device for simulating sand blocking medium blockage of a loose sandstone reservoir.
Background
The loose sandstone reservoir is an important component in oil and gas reservoirs in China, and the crude oil geological reserve of the loose sandstone reservoir accounts for one fourth of the total quantity of the oil and gas reservoirs in China. In the process of exploiting the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir, formation fluid carries solid-phase media such as formation fine sand, mechanical impurities, clay argillaceous and the like to impact sand blocking media (a sand blocking layer and a gravel layer in a mechanical sieve tube) and enter the gravel layer, and the irregularity, the heterogeneity and the like of gaps in the gravel layer cause the solid-phase media to be difficult to discharge, so that the permeability of the gravel layer is reduced, and blockage is formed.
The production practice of sand control wells for unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs shows that the blockage of sand blocking media gradually becomes one of the main problems which troubles the normal production of the sand control wells, not only can affect the yield of oil wells, but also can even cause production stop under severe conditions. Therefore, the research and analysis of the blocking mechanism of the sand blocking medium to ensure the oil well yield have very important significance for the actual oil reservoir exploitation.
In order to research and analyze the blocking mechanism of the sand blocking medium, the method is usually adopted, which is to simulate the blocking process of the sand blocking medium by the sand production of the stratum by using an experimental device, and then the blocking process can be observed or further calculated and analyzed according to the simulation experiment result. However, because the currently used experimental device limits the operation conditions of the simulation experiment, for example, the thickness of the gravel layer of the mechanical screen pipe model cannot be adjusted, the sand blocking medium blocking process in the actual sand control well operation cannot be accurately simulated and reduced, and the sand blocking medium blocking mechanism cannot be accurately explained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an experimental device for simulating the sand blocking medium blockage of a loose sandstone reservoir, which can accurately simulate the blocking process of the sand blocking medium caused by formation sand production in a larger condition range so as to be beneficial to subsequent analysis and research of the sand blocking medium blocking mechanism.
The invention provides an experimental device for simulating sand blocking medium blockage of a loose sandstone reservoir, which comprises a mechanical sieve tube model, wherein the mechanical sieve tube model is provided with a transparent tube, a first sand blocking screen and a second sand blocking screen which are detachably arranged in the transparent tube, so that the transparent tube is divided into a gravel cavity in the middle, a discharging cavity facing one side of the first sand blocking screen and a feeding cavity facing one side of the second sand blocking screen, and the gravel cavity is used for filling gravel to form a gravel layer.
Specifically, the experimental method for simulating sand blocking medium blockage of the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir by adopting the experimental device comprises the following steps:
filling gravels into the gravel cavity of the mechanical sieve tube model to obtain a gravel layer, and assembling to obtain the experimental device;
injecting an experimental fluid into the feeding cavity, enabling the experimental fluid to pass through the second sand blocking screen and then enter the gravel cavity, and then pass through the first sand blocking screen and enter the discharging cavity until the air in the transparent pipe is completely discharged;
adding a solid phase medium into the feeding cavity, and then continuously injecting an experimental fluid into the feeding cavity to simulate the formation sand production;
stirring the solid-phase medium and the experimental fluid in the feeding cavity, enabling the experimental fluid to carry the solid-phase medium to enter a gravel layer through the second sand blocking screen, and simulating the blocking process of the sand blocking medium;
when the blocking process of the sand blocking medium is simulated, the data of the change of the fluid pressure at the two sides of the gravel layer along with the time are collected, and the blocking condition and the like in the gravel layer are observed.
According to the experimental device provided by the invention, the first sand blocking screen and the second sand blocking screen which are detachably mounted are arranged in the transparent pipe of the mechanical sieve pipe model, so that the thickness of the gravel layer can be adjusted by adjusting the mounting positions of the first sand blocking screen and/or the second sand blocking screen in the transparent pipe, the simulation experiment of sand blocking medium blockage of the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir can be completed in a larger experimental condition range, the sand blocking medium blockage process in actual sand prevention well operation can be more accurately reduced, and the accurate mechanism of sand blocking medium blockage can be analyzed.
In addition, when the sand blocking medium blocking process is simulated, stirring and mixing between the solid-phase medium and the experimental fluid are realized in the feeding cavity of the transparent pipe, so that the experimental device provided by the invention does not need to be additionally provided with sand mixing equipment, matched sand mixing feeding pipelines and the like, the structure of the experimental device is simplified, and a larger experimental space does not need to be specially prepared for the experimental device, so that the experimental device provided by the invention can be built in a laboratory and can be used for carrying out the simulation experiment.
Specifically, when the mechanical screen pipe model is assembled, the transparent pipe can be erected, the second sand blocking screen is installed firstly, then gravel is added until a gravel layer meeting the thickness required by a simulation experiment is obtained, and finally the first sand blocking screen is installed. In the practice of the present invention, the thickness of the gravel layer may be adjusted within the range of 10mm to 30 mm.
The transparent tube can be an organic transparent glass tube commonly used in the current mechanical sieve tube model, or a quartz glass tube resistant to high temperature and high pressure, and can also be a PC (polycarbonate) tube resistant to high temperature and high pressure. In the practice of the invention, the transparent tube is a cylindrical structure having an axial length of about 150mm to 250mm, an outer diameter of about 35mm to 45mm, and a tube wall thickness of at least 5mm, typically 5mm to 10 mm.
The gravel can adopt a ceramsite proppant commonly used in a simulation experiment for exploiting the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir. And, the influence of factors such as the permeability of the gravel layer on the blockage of the sand blocking medium can be researched by selecting gravels with different sizes, such as 20-70-mesh ceramsite proppant.
The test fluid injected into the transparent tube may be any test fluid commonly used in the art, including aqueous solutions and oily solutions, such as clear water (having a viscosity of about 1 mPas), viscosity increasing water (having a viscosity of about 1 to 35 mPas), and viscous oil (having a viscosity of about 35 to 80 mPas). In the specific implementation process of the invention, white oil with different viscosities is selected as an experimental fluid to more truly simulate the problem of sand blocking medium blockage in the oil production process of the stratum.
When experimental fluid is injected into the transparent pipe, the air in the transparent pipe can be completely discharged by measuring the pressure on the two sides of the gravel layer, and when the pressure on the two sides is normal and the pressure difference between the two sides is zero, the injection of the experimental fluid into the feeding cavity can be stopped.
The solid phase medium used in the simulation experiment can be configured according to a simulated formation sand sample screening curve in the unconsolidated sandstone, and fine sand, mechanical impurities, clay argillaceous substances and the like can be generally adopted. In the specific implementation process of the invention, quartz sand of 80 meshes to 120 meshes is used as a solid phase medium, or mixed sand obtained by mixing the quartz sand of 80 meshes to 120 meshes and montmorillonite in a preset proportion is used as the solid phase medium.
The shapes of the flow guide holes formed in the first sand blocking screen and the second sand blocking screen can be reasonably set according to simulation experiment conditions, and in the specific implementation process of the sand control screen, the first sand blocking screen is taken from a sand control pipe base pipe which is a sleeve pipe or an oil pipe with a slit; the second sand blocking screen is taken from the sand control pipe shell, and the flow guide holes of the second sand blocking screen are V-shaped flanging holes. The sand control pipe may be, for example, the sand control pipe described in chinese patent application 200810226807.1. The sizes of the diversion holes can be reasonably set according to actual simulation experiment requirements, and the size of the diversion holes at least needs to be smaller than the minimum size of gravel.
Specifically, above-mentioned first sand screen cloth accessible first solid fixed ring of keeping off installs in the hyaline tube, and first solid fixed ring and the sealed cooperation of hyaline tube inner wall, for example the mode such as accessible is sticky realizes fixed connection between first sand screen cloth and the first solid fixed ring, and accessible sealing washer realizes being connected and sealed between first solid fixed ring and the hyaline tube inner wall. The second keeps off the solid fixed ring of sand screen cloth accessible second and installs in the transparent pipe, and the solid fixed ring of second and the sealed cooperation of transparent pipe inner wall also can adopt modes such as gluing to realize fixed connection between for example second keeps off sand screen cloth and the solid fixed ring of second, also can realize being connected and sealed through the sealing washer between the solid fixed ring of second and the transparent pipe inner wall. Through the sealing between the first fixing ring and the second fixing ring and the inner wall of the transparent pipe respectively, experimental fluid in the gravel cavity and even solid-phase media are prevented from flowing out of the discharge cavity along the inner wall of the transparent pipe.
Furthermore, the mechanical sieve tube model is also provided with a gland, the gland is detachably arranged at one end of the transparent tube and is in sealing fit with the transparent tube, and the material discharge cavity is formed between the gland and the first sand blocking screen. The discharge cavity is used for collecting experimental fluid displaced in the process of simulating the blockage of the sand blocking medium and solid-phase media which possibly pass through a gravel layer, such as fine sand, mechanical impurities, clay mud and the like.
Furthermore, a plurality of first connecting rods can be connected between the gland and the first fixing ring; a plurality of second connecting rods are connected between the first fixing ring and the second fixing ring. This structural design can improve the stability and the fastness of mechanical screen pipe model structure, makes the experimental fluid who carries the solid medium when assaulting the second and keeping off sand screen cloth, and transparent pipe inner structure can remain stable throughout.
At the outside both ends of above-mentioned hyaline tube, still can cup joint a mounting flange respectively, many third connecting rods of fixedly connected with between two mounting flanges, for example accessible spiro union's mode is connected and is fixed with third connecting rod and two mounting flanges to further improve the stability and the reliability of whole mechanical sieve pipe model structure, guarantee to block up going on smoothly of simulation experiment.
Specifically, the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod can be arranged in parallel to the axial direction of the transparent pipe and are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the transparent pipe, so that the stability and the reliability of the mechanical sieve pipe model structure are further improved.
Furthermore, a pinching cover can be arranged outside the transparent pipe and towards the end part of the first sand blocking screen, and the pinching cover presses the pressing cover after being screwed, so that the stability and the reliability of the whole mechanical screen pipe model structure are further improved.
In order to improve the efficiency and the precision of the simulation experiment, the experimental device can generally comprise more than two mechanical sieve tube models which are arranged in parallel so as to carry out multiple groups of experiments simultaneously.
Specifically, in the process of simulating formation sand production and/or sand blocking medium blocking, parameters in the multiple parallel mechanical sieve tube models can be completely the same, for example, parameters such as gravel layer thickness, solid-phase medium selection and addition, flow rate and selection of experimental fluid can be completely the same, so that completely consistent parallel experiments can be performed, and finally, experimental errors can be reduced and more accurate simulation experiment data can be obtained by removing extreme values or calculating an average value.
Or, one or more parameters can be different, so that the influence of one or more factors on the blockage of the loose sand blocking medium can be researched under the condition that other variables are the same. Therefore, the error of the simulation experiment can be reduced, and the efficiency of the simulation experiment can be improved. For example, a plurality of mechanical sieve tube models which are arranged in parallel can be controlled to have gravel layers with different thicknesses, other parameter conditions are kept unchanged, and the influence of the thickness of the gravel layers on the blockage of loose sandstone sand blocking media is researched; or the permeability of the gravel layer can be changed to research the sand blocking effect under different permeability of the gravel layer.
The experimental device provided by the invention also comprises a pressure acquisition device with a first sensor and a second sensor, and particularly, when the simulation system is assembled, the first sensor can be contacted with the first sand blocking screen to acquire the fluid pressure at one side of the fluid outlet of the gravel layer; the second sensor is contacted with the second sand blocking screen to collect the fluid pressure at one side of the fluid inlet of the gravel layer, and finally the influence of the blocking position and different factors on the sand blocking effect can be accurately analyzed.
The pressure acquisition equipment can further comprise a data acquisition computer which is used for storing and processing the fluid pressure data acquired by the two sensors. The first sensor and the second sensor can both adopt the conventional means in the field to realize data transmission, for example, the two sensors can respectively transmit the acquired data such as fluid pressure and the like to a data acquisition computer through corresponding data lines.
Specifically, the first sensor can be connected with the data acquisition computer through a first data line and realize data transmission, one end of the first data line is connected with the first sensor, and the other end of the first data line sequentially penetrates through the gland and is connected with the data acquisition computer. The second sensor can be connected with the data acquisition computer through a second data line and realize data transmission, one end of the second data line is connected with the first sensor, and the other end of the second data line is connected with the data acquisition computer after sequentially passing through the first fixing ring and the gland.
Furthermore, the first data line and the second data line can be respectively provided with a corresponding first protection tube and a corresponding second protection tube, so that the first data line is arranged in the first protection tube in a penetrating manner, and the second data line is arranged in the second protection tube in a penetrating manner. Specifically, one end of the first protection tube is connected with the first fixing ring, and the other end of the first protection tube penetrates through the gland; one end of the second protection tube is connected with the second fixing ring, and the other end of the second protection tube penetrates through the first fixing ring and the gland.
The installation mode that the data line or the protection pipe is axially connected along the transparent pipe avoids punching on the pipe wall of the transparent pipe, so that the transparent pipe keeps a complete structure, the transparent pipe has very good bearing capacity, and the maximum pressure born by the mechanical sieve pipe model can generally reach 5-7 MPa through a flange pressure test. Therefore, compared with the traditional mechanical sieve tube model which needs to punch holes on the tube wall of the transparent tube to realize the installation of the sensor, the blockage simulation system provided by the invention can simulate the sand blocking medium blockage process under the experiment condition with a larger pressure range, for example, the system can bear the fluid pressure within the range of 0.1 MPa-5 MPa, thereby accurately simulating and really reducing the formation pressure in the actual sand control well operation, and further accurately explaining the sand blocking medium blockage mechanism.
Furthermore, the experimental device also comprises a liquid storage tank for storing experimental fluid, the liquid storage tank is communicated with the feeding cavity of the mechanical sieve tube model through a material conveying pipeline, and a fluid driving pump is arranged on the material conveying pipeline. The experimental fluid in the liquid storage tank is injected into the feeding cavity by the fluid driving pump, and parameters such as the flow rate of the experimental fluid are adjusted.
Meanwhile, the pressure of the fluid driving pump and the fluid pressure on two sides of the gravel layer collected by the pressure collecting equipment are combined, so that the pressure drop caused by blockage of the gravel layer can be calculated, and the pressure drop can be used for analyzing the blockage mechanism of the sand blocking medium.
Further, above-mentioned experimental apparatus still includes agitated vessel, and this agitated vessel includes motor, agitator and sleeve, wherein: one end of the stirrer is connected with the motor, and the other end of the stirrer penetrates through the sleeve and then extends into the feeding cavity of the mechanical sieve tube model; the inner cavity of the sleeve is communicated with the feeding cavity, and the side wall of the sleeve is provided with a sand adding port and a fluid inlet;
when the experimental method is specifically carried out, a solid-phase medium is added into the feeding cavity through the sand adding port arranged on the sleeve; injecting the test fluid into the feed chamber through the fluid inlet; and starting the stirring equipment to stir the solid-phase medium and the experimental fluid in the feeding cavity.
During the simulated sand-blocking media plugging process, waste fluids, including displaced test fluid and possibly solid media that successfully passed through the gravel bed, may flow out of the gravel bed and into the drainage chamber. The solid phase medium content (namely the sand content) in the waste liquid can be used as a key condition for judging the sand blocking effect. For collecting above-mentioned waste liquid, can set up the waste liquid collecting pit with the row of material chamber intercommunication of mechanical screen pipe model, block up the in-process at the simulation sand blocking medium, collect through the waste liquid collecting pit and follow gravel intracavity exhaust waste liquid, then collect and measure the sand content in the above-mentioned waste liquid and calculate and keep off the sand rate, and then judge and keep off the sand effect.
Specifically, the waste liquid collecting tank is communicated with a discharge cavity of the mechanical sieve tube model through a discharge pipeline. One end of the liquid discharge pipeline is communicated with the waste liquid collecting tank, and the other end of the liquid discharge pipeline can penetrate through the gland to be communicated with the discharge cavity of the transparent pipe.
Furthermore, the experimental device further comprises an image acquisition device, so that in the process of carrying out the simulation experiment, the image acquisition device is used for acquiring the image in the process of simulating the blockage of the sand blocking medium. This image acquisition equipment can be for example microscope camera system, can 360 degrees adjust the camera directions wantonly, does benefit to the jam condition of the different positions of visual observation sand blocking medium jam process, gravel layer to can gather the image that the sand blocking medium blockked up the in-process, do benefit to the analysis of follow-up sand blocking medium jam mechanism.
Furthermore, image acquisition is carried out on the simulated sand blocking medium blocking process, the image acquisition and the pressure acquisition are carried out synchronously, and the blocking condition of the sand control pipe for pre-filling gravel can be qualitatively analyzed and observed and the blocking degree of the sand control pipe for pre-filling gravel can be quantitatively explained at the same time point.
For accurate simulation actual stratum environment, above-mentioned experimental apparatus still can further include temperature regulator, for example the thermostated container, makes whole simulation experiment, especially the temperature of simulation sand-blocking medium jam process controllable, can adjust the thermostated container temperature to preset temperature, for example 0 ~ 80 ℃, for example 50 ℃ before the simulation experiment.
The invention provides an experimental device for simulating sand blocking medium blockage of a loose sandstone reservoir, which has the following advantages:
the thickness of the transparent pipe gravel layer can be flexibly adjusted, the mechanical sieve tube model has high structural strength, and the maximum pressure borne by the mechanical sieve tube model can reach 5-7 MPa, so that the blocking process of the sand blocking medium caused by sand production from the stratum can be simulated in a larger condition range, the stratum environment can be truly simulated, and the subsequent analysis and the research of the sand blocking medium blocking mechanism are facilitated.
Meanwhile, the pressure acquisition equipment adopts an installation mode parallel to the axial direction of the transparent pipe, so that the mechanical sieve pipe model is further ensured to have higher structural strength and reliability of a simulation experiment;
because the experimental device can be provided with a plurality of parallel mechanical sieve tube models in parallel, a plurality of simulation experiments with the same or different parameters can be carried out at the same time, thereby not only reducing the error of the simulation experiments, but also improving the efficiency of the simulation experiments;
the experimental device does not need to be additionally provided with a mixed sand device, a matched mixed sand feeding pipeline and the like, so that the structure of the experimental device is simplified, the experimental method can be completed in a laboratory, and the practical application and popularization are facilitated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a mechanical screen model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a mechanical screen model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an external structural schematic view of a mechanical screen model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a stirring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-mechanical sieve tube model; 10-a transparent tube; 11-a first sand screen;
111-slotting; 112-a first retaining ring; 113-a first connecting rod;
12-a second sand screen; 121-V type flanging hole; 122-a second retaining ring;
123-a second connecting rod; 13-a gravel chamber; 14-a discharge chamber;
15-a feed chamber; 16-a gland; 17-a fixed flange;
171-a third connecting rod; 18-pinching the cover; 2-pressure acquisition equipment;
21-a first sensor; 211-a first protective tube; 22-a second sensor;
221-a second protection tube; 3-stirring equipment; 31-a motor;
32-a stirrer; 33-a sleeve; 331-a connection flange;
332-a fluid inlet; 4-a liquid storage tank; 5-a material conveying pipeline;
6-a fluid driven pump; 7-a waste liquid collecting tank; 8-a drainage pipeline;
9-image acquisition equipment.
With the foregoing drawings in mind, certain embodiments of the disclosure have been shown and described in more detail below. These drawings and written description are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed concepts in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of the disclosure to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2, 3 and 4 are schematic structural diagrams of an overall structure, an internal structure and an external structure of a mechanical screen model provided in an embodiment of the present invention, respectively. As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the experimental apparatus includes a mechanical screen model 1, the mechanical screen model 1 having a transparent pipe 10, and a first sand blocking screen 11 and a second sand blocking screen 12 detachably installed in the middle of the transparent pipe 10 such that the transparent pipe 10 is partitioned into a gravel chamber 13 in the middle, a discharge chamber 14 facing one side of the first sand blocking screen 11, and a feed chamber 15 facing one side of the second sand blocking screen 12. That is, the first sand screen 11 serves as a partition between the gravel chamber 13 and the discharge chamber 14, and the second sand screen 12 serves as a partition between the gravel chamber 13 and the feed chamber 15.
Further, a pressing cover 16 is detachably installed at an end of the transparent tube 10 facing the first sand screen 11, and the pressing cover 16 and the first sand screen 11 form both ends of the discharge chamber 14.
The transparent tube 10 is an organic transparent glass tube, and has a cylindrical shape, an axial length of 200mm, an inner diameter of 30mm, and a tube wall thickness of about 5 mm.
The first sand blocking screen 11 is taken from a circular metal sheet on a sand control pipe base pipe, a plurality of slots 111 are evenly formed in the first sand blocking screen, the second sand blocking screen 12 is taken from a circular metal sheet on a sand control pipe shell, and a plurality of V-shaped flanging holes 121 are also evenly formed in the second sand blocking screen. Wherein, the first sand screen 11 is fixed on the first fixing ring 112 by gluing, the first fixing ring 112 is connected and sealed with the inner wall of the transparent tube 10 by a sealing ring (not shown); the second sand screen 12 is fixed to a second fixing ring 122 by adhesion, and the second fixing ring 122 is connected and sealed to the inner wall of the transparent tube 10 by a sealing ring (not shown).
Referring further to fig. 3, a plurality of first connecting rods 113 are connected between the pressing cover 16 and the first fixing ring 112, the first connecting rods 113 being uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the transparent tube 10; a plurality of second connection rods 123 are connected between the first fixing ring 112 and the second fixing ring 122, and the second connection rods 123 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the transparent tube 10. It can be understood that the length of the second connecting rod 123 can be reasonably set according to the actual gravel layer thickness, for example, the thickness of the preset gravel layer is 20mm, and the length of the second connecting rod is also about 20 mm.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, two ends of the exterior of the transparent tube 10 may be respectively sleeved with a fixing flange 17, and a plurality of third connecting rods 171 are fixedly connected between the two fixing flanges 17, for example, four third connecting rods 171 may be uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the transparent tube 10, and two ends of the third connecting rods 171 are respectively connected and fixed with the two fixing flanges 17 in a threaded manner.
With further reference to fig. 2, a pinch cover 18 is provided outside the transparent tube 10 and towards the first sand screen 11, and the pinch cover 18 is tightened to press the gland 16, further sealing the entire discharge chamber 14.
With further reference to fig. 2, the plugging simulation system further includes a pressure collection device 2 having a first sensor 21, a second sensor 22 and a data collection computer (not shown), wherein the first sensor 21 contacts with the first sand blocking screen 11, the first sensor 21 is connected with the data collection computer through a first data line (not shown) to collect fluid pressure at the outlet side of the gravel layer fluid and transmit the collected data such as fluid pressure to the data collection computer, the second sensor 22 contacts with the second sand blocking screen 12, and the second sensor 22 is connected with the data collection computer through a second data line (not shown) to collect fluid pressure at the inlet side of the gravel layer fluid and transmit the collected data such as fluid pressure to the data collection computer.
The first data line is arranged in the first protection tube 211 in a penetrating manner, one end of the first protection tube 211 is connected with the first fixing ring 112, and the other end of the first protection tube 211 penetrates through the pressing cover 16 and the pinching cover 18; the second data line is inserted into the second protection tube 221, one end of the second protection tube 221 is connected to the second fixing ring 122, and the other end of the second protection tube 221 sequentially passes through the first fixing ring 112, the pressing cover 16 and the pinching cover 18.
The protective tube and the data line are axially arranged along the transparent tube 10, so that the whole simulation experiment is not influenced; and the installation mode also avoids punching on the pipe wall of the transparent pipe 10, so that the transparent pipe 10 can keep the structural integrity, and the pressure bearing capacity of the transparent pipe 10 and the whole mechanical sieve pipe model 1 is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, the blockage simulation system further comprises a stirring device 3, wherein the stirring device 3 comprises a motor 31, a stirrer 32 and a sleeve 33. Wherein one end of the stirrer 32 is connected to the motor 31, for example, to a rotating shaft (not shown) of the motor 31, and the other end of the stirrer 32 passes through the sleeve 33 and extends into the feeding cavity 15 of the transparent tube 10.
The inner cavity of the sleeve 33 is communicated with the feeding cavity 15, for example, one end of the sleeve 33 can be sleeved on one end of the transparent tube 10 facing the feeding cavity 15, so that the sleeve 33 is abutted with the outer wall of the transparent tube 10. Alternatively, the transparent tube 10 and the sleeve 33 may be connected and communicated in a flange connection manner, that is, a connecting flange 331 is sleeved on one end of the sleeve 33 away from the motor, and the connecting flange 331 is fixedly connected with the fixing flange 17 at one end of the transparent tube 10 by bolts, that is, the communication between the inner cavity of the sleeve 33 and the feeding cavity 15 is achieved.
Further, one or more sand adding ports (not shown) and one or more fluid inlets 332 may be respectively formed on the sidewall of the sleeve 33, wherein the solid phase medium may be added into the feeding cavity 15 through the sand adding ports; through this fluid inlet 332, the test fluid can be injected into the feed chamber 15.
With further reference to fig. 1, the experimental apparatus further includes a liquid storage tank 4 for storing experimental fluid, the liquid storage tank 4 is communicated with the feeding cavity 15 through a material conveying pipeline 5, a fluid driving pump 6 is disposed on the material conveying pipeline 5, and the fluid driving pump 6 is utilized to inject the experimental fluid into the feeding cavity 15.
Specifically, one end of the material delivery pipeline 5 is connected to the liquid storage tank 4, and the other end of the material delivery pipeline can inject the experimental fluid into the feeding cavity 15 through a fluid inlet 332 formed in the sleeve 33.
With further reference to fig. 1, the experimental apparatus further includes a waste liquid collecting tank 7 and a liquid discharging pipeline 8, wherein one end of the liquid discharging pipeline 8 is communicated with the waste liquid collecting tank 7, and the other end of the liquid discharging pipeline 8 is communicated with the discharging cavity 14 after passing through the pressing cap 18 and the pressing cover 16.
With further reference to fig. 1, the experimental apparatus further includes an image collecting device 9, for example, a microscope camera system can be selected as the image collecting device 9, so as to visually observe the blocking process, the blocking position, the blocking rule, and the like of the sand blocking medium.
Further, the experimental apparatus may further include a temperature adjusting device (not shown), such as an incubator, for controlling and adjusting the temperature of the mechanical screen model 1. Specifically, the device other than the oven may be placed in the oven after the assembly, or the mechanical screen model 1 may be placed in the oven.
In this embodiment, the assembly method of the experimental apparatus specifically includes the following steps:
two fixing flanges 17 are sleeved at two ends of the transparent pipe 10, and the two fixing flanges 17 are connected and fixed by four third connecting rods 171 and bolts, so as to complete the installation of the external structure of the mechanical sieve pipe model 1, as shown in fig. 3.
The mechanical sieve tube model 1 with the external structure installed is connected with the stirring device 3, specifically, a connecting flange 331 is sleeved at one end of the sleeve 33, and then the connecting flange 331 and the external fixing flange 17 of the transparent tube 10 are fastened through bolts, so that the stirrer 32 penetrates through the sleeve 33 and enters the transparent tube 10.
The transparent pipe 10 is erected or inclined, and then the second sand blocking screen 12 is fixedly installed in the transparent pipe 10 through a second fixing ring 122, wherein a plurality of second connecting rods 123 and a second protecting pipe 221 are connected to the first fixing ring 122 in advance, a second sensor 22 is installed at one end of the second protecting pipe 221 close to the second sand blocking screen 12, and a second data line connected with the second sensor 22 is arranged in the second protecting pipe 221 in a penetrating manner.
The transparent pipe 10 is filled with gravel to a predetermined thickness to obtain a gravel layer having a thickness identical to the length of the second connection rod 123.
The first sand screen 11 is fixed into the transparent tube 10 by the first fixing ring 112, wherein the first fixing ring 112 is connected with a plurality of first connecting rods 113 and a first protection tube 211 in advance, so that the second protection tube 221 can pass through the first fixing ring 112. A first sensor 21 is attached to one end of the first protective tube 211 close to the first sand screen 11, and a first data line connected to the first sensor 21 is inserted into the first protective tube 211.
The pressing cover 16 and the pinch cover 18 are installed such that the first protection tube 211 and the second protection tube 221 can be passed out of the pressing cover 16 and the pinch cover 18, as shown in fig. 2.
The order of installing the other devices is not particularly limited, and when the liquid storage tank 4 is installed, one end of the feed path pipe 5 is connected to the liquid storage tank 4, the other end passes through the fluid inlet 332 provided in the sleeve 33, and the fluid-driven pump 6 is installed on the feed path pipe 5. When the waste liquid collecting tank 7 is installed, one end of the liquid discharge pipeline 8 is connected with the waste liquid collecting tank 7, and the other end of the liquid discharge pipeline sequentially penetrates through the pressing cap 18 and the pressing cover 16 to enter the material discharge cavity 14.
The experiment for simulating sand blocking medium blockage of the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir by adopting the assembled experimental device comprises the following steps:
starting the image acquisition equipment 9 and the pressure acquisition equipment 2, and debugging the equipment;
starting the fluid driving pump 6, injecting the experimental fluid in the liquid storage tank 4 into the feeding cavity 15 of the mechanical sieve tube model 1 until the air in the transparent tube 10 is completely discharged, and meanwhile, adopting the pressure acquisition equipment 2 to acquire the pressure difference on two sides of the gravel layer and determining that the pressure acquisition equipment 2 can normally work;
the solid medium is added to the feed chamber 15 through the sand addition port while the stirring device 3 is switched on. In the process, an image acquisition device 9 is adopted to acquire images in the process, and meanwhile, a pressure acquisition device 2 is adopted to acquire fluid pressure;
after the simulation experiment is finished, the fluid driving pump 6, the stirring device 3, the image acquisition device 9 and the pressure acquisition device 2 are stopped in sequence, and the interior of the transparent tube 10 is cleaned;
and (5) sorting and analyzing the collected data.
The mechanical sieve tube model 1 adopted by the embodiment has very high structural strength, the maximum pressure bearing can reach 5-7 MPa, and the fluid pressure in the whole experiment process can be adjusted within the range of 0.1-5 MPa; the thickness of the gravel layer can be flexibly adjusted within 10-30 mm; the whole experimental device is used for carrying out simulation experiments in the thermostat, the simulation temperature can be controlled within the range of 0-80 ℃, so that the blocking process of the sand blocking medium caused by sand production from the stratum can be simulated within a larger condition range, the stratum environment can be truly simulated, and the subsequent analysis and the research on the sand blocking medium blocking mechanism are facilitated.
The image acquisition device 9 adopts a microscope camera system which can rotate in any direction, and can observe the blocking condition of the gravel layers at different positions; and the image acquisition process and the pressure acquisition process are synchronously carried out, so that the blockage condition of the sand control pipe with the pre-filled gravel can be qualitatively analyzed and observed at the same time point, and the blockage degree of the sand control pipe with the pre-filled gravel can be quantitatively explained.
It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" in the description of the present invention are used merely for convenience in describing different components, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a sequential relationship, relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An experimental device for simulating sand blocking medium blockage of a loose sandstone reservoir is characterized by comprising a mechanical sieve tube model,
the mechanical sieve tube model is provided with a transparent tube, a first sand blocking screen and a second sand blocking screen which are detachably arranged in the transparent tube, so that the transparent tube is divided into a gravel cavity at the middle part, a discharging cavity facing one side of the first sand blocking screen and a feeding cavity facing one side of the second sand blocking screen,
the gravel cavity is used for filling gravel to form a gravel layer;
still include agitated vessel, agitated vessel includes motor, agitator and sleeve, wherein:
one end of the stirrer is connected with the motor, and the other end of the stirrer penetrates through the sleeve and then extends into the feeding cavity;
the inner cavity of the sleeve is communicated with the feeding cavity, and the side wall of the sleeve is provided with a sand adding port and a fluid inlet.
2. The experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the gravel layer is 10 to 30 mm.
3. The experimental apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mechanical sieve tube model further has a gland detachably mounted at one end of the transparent tube and in sealing engagement with the transparent tube, the gland and the first sand screen forming the discharge chamber therebetween;
the first sand blocking screen is arranged in the transparent pipe through a first fixing ring, and the first fixing ring is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the transparent pipe;
the second sand blocking screen is arranged in the transparent pipe through a second fixing ring, and the second fixing ring is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the transparent pipe;
a plurality of first connecting rods are connected between the gland and the first fixing ring;
and a plurality of second connecting rods are connected between the first fixing ring and the second fixing ring.
4. The experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein two ends of the transparent tube are respectively sleeved with a fixing flange, and a plurality of third connecting rods are fixedly connected between the two fixing flanges.
5. The experimental setup of claim 1, comprising more than two mechanical screen models arranged in parallel.
6. The assay device of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising a pressure acquisition apparatus having a first sensor and a second sensor,
the first sensor is in contact with the first sand blocking screen, and the second sensor is in contact with the second sand blocking screen.
7. The testing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a reservoir for testing fluid, said reservoir being in communication with the feeding cavity of the mechanical screen model via a feed line, a fluid-driven pump being provided on said feed line.
8. The experimental apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a waste liquid collecting tank, wherein the waste liquid collecting tank is communicated with the discharge chamber of the mechanical sieve tube model through a discharge pipeline.
9. The assay device of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising an image acquisition apparatus.
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| CN108008075B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2020-01-07 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Experimental device for be used for simulating loose sandstone oil reservoir sand-retaining medium jam |
| CN111257177B (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2022-06-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Gas well sand production detection experimental device |
| CN111411934B (en) * | 2020-03-29 | 2021-05-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Horizontal well sand-water cooperative output and control and exploitation well completion multifunctional experimental system and experimental method thereof |
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