CN108008062B - Laser ignition combustion chamber for titanium fire test - Google Patents
Laser ignition combustion chamber for titanium fire test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy application, and relates to a laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test. The combustion chamber mainly comprises a shell, a front cover, a rear cover, an air inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, a sample clamp, a pressing plate, a cooling water pipe, an observation window, a laser incidence window, a gas temperature sensor, a gas pressure sensor and the like, and a test sample can be ignited in a very short time by adopting a laser ignition mode; the pressure intensity, the temperature and the airflow speed in the cavity are simultaneously adjusted and maintained by adopting the sealed combustion chamber and the air inlet pipe close to the test sample; the observation window is positioned right above the sample, so that the combustion condition can be conveniently observed; a cooling structure is arranged in the wall of the shell, so that a titanium fire test at the temperature of over 600 ℃ can be realized; the sample clamp is pressed and fixed by the pressing plate, and installation is convenient. The combustion chamber provided by the invention has the advantages of compact structure and low use cost, can bear high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed airflow conditions, meets the requirements of a titanium fire test under the interaction of the service environment of a simulated aircraft engine, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy application, and relates to a laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test.
Background
Titanium alloy has the potential safety hazard of burning in the high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed airflow environment of an aeroengine, and causes titanium fire failure. In addition to more than 100 titanium fires in America and Russia, in recent years, several titanium fires also occur in the advanced engine development process in China, and the problem of titanium alloy combustion is highly emphasized.
The titanium fire test is the core and key for scientifically evaluating the combustion characteristics of the titanium alloy in the service environment of the engine, and external energy such as high-energy friction, laser, liquid drops and the like can be used as ignition sources. The laser is a safe, reliable and clean novel ignition technology, has the characteristics of high energy density and high ignition speed, can be applied to a titanium fire test, and can realize controllable ignition position and quantitatively represent the basic characteristics related to the combustion process.
The laser ignition technology is firstly used for evaluating the safety of the titanium fire of the engine in the United states, and a special combustion device for the titanium fire test is established in a Reiter-Patterson air force base and a general company engine plant, so that the combustion test of the titanium alloy under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high-speed airflow is realized, and the technical support is provided for effectively preventing the titanium fire of F119 and other advanced engines. However, due to technical blockade and the like, the titanium fire test technical research in China is still in the starting stage, and the existing combustion chamber or device cannot meet the development requirement of the advanced engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a laser ignition combustion chamber capable of adjusting and maintaining the temperature, pressure and speed of airflow.
The technical scheme of the invention is that a laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test is provided, laser is used as an ignition source, and the combustion chamber comprises a shell (1), a front cover (2), a rear cover (3), an air inlet pipe (4), an exhaust pipe (5), a sample clamp (6), a cooling water pipe (8), an observation window (9), a laser incidence window (10), a gas temperature sensor (11) and a gas pressure sensor (12); a cooling water channel (104) is embedded in the wall of the shell (1), the cooling water channel is communicated with an external cooling water pipe (8) (connected by welding or threads), and cooling water is introduced into the cooling water pipe and the cooling water channel to cool the shell, so that the overhigh temperature of the shell caused by hot air is prevented; three openings are formed in the shell wall, and a sample clamp (6), an observation window (9) and a laser incidence window (10) are respectively and fixedly installed in a sealing mode;
external laser is incident into the shell through the laser incident window (10);
the sample clamp (6) is used for installing and fixing the sample in the shell;
the observation window is used for observing the sample from the outside of the shell;
the front cover (2) and the rear cover (3) are respectively connected with two ends of the shell (1) in a sealing way to form a closed cavity;
the air inlet pipe (4) is connected to the front cover (2), and the air inlet pipe (4) penetrates through the front cover (2) and extends into the cavity;
the exhaust pipe (5) is connected to the rear cover (3), and the exhaust pipe (5) penetrates through the rear cover (3) and extends into the cavity;
the gas temperature sensor (11) and the gas pressure sensor (12) respectively extend into the cavity of the shell (1) through the front cover (2) and are used for measuring the gas temperature and the gas pressure near the sample.
Furthermore, the sample clamp further comprises a pressing plate (7), the pressing plate (7) is used for pressing the sample clamp onto the shell, and the pressing plate is in threaded connection with the shell through two bolts.
Further, the distance between the end part of the air inlet pipe and the test sample is 20-50 mm. So that the incident gas can be directly sprayed onto the test sample surface.
Further, the distance between the gas temperature sensor (11) and the gas pressure sensor (12) is 10-30 mm from the test sample. The gas temperature and gas pressure near the sample were measured.
Furthermore, the observation window (9) is positioned right above the test sample, the observation window (9) is a cover plate with a window, a quartz glass sheet is used as the window, the cover plate is fixed on the opening (102) of the shell through a bolt, and the quartz glass sheet is connected with the cover plate in a sealing mode. A high-speed camera can be arranged right above the observation window to observe the condition of the sample in the cavity when the device is operated, or an infrared temperature sensor is arranged to measure the temperature of the sample.
Furthermore, the angle formed by the laser entrance window (10) and the center line of the shell is less than 90 degrees, and the laser entrance window is made of a material with the transmissivity higher than 80 percent. The laser can accurately irradiate the sample after entering the inner cavity of the combustion chamber perpendicular to the laser incidence window.
Further, the sample clamp (6) comprises a first clamping plate (601), a second clamping plate (602), a support rod (603), an end cover (604) and a handle (605); the first clamping plate (601) and the second clamping plate (602) are used for clamping a sample; the first clamping plate (601) and the second clamping plate (602) are sleeved at the front end of the supporting rod (603) and can rotate around the supporting rod (603) to adjust the included angle between the sample and the incident airflow or between the sample and the incident laser; the rear end of the support rod (603) is fixedly connected with an end cover (604) or integrally formed, the end cover (604) is used for sealing and fixing with the opening of the shell, and the end cover (604) is provided with a handle.
Furthermore, the front cover (2) is provided with a central hole for welding the air inlet pipe (4), a gas temperature sensor (11) mounting hole and a gas pressure sensor (12) mounting hole are arranged on two sides of the central hole, a cooling water pipe hole is formed in the secondary outer ring and used for enabling a cooling water pipe (8) to penetrate through, the diameter of the cooling water pipe hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cooling water pipe (8), a bolt hole is formed in the outer ring and used for enabling the cooling water pipe to be fixed to the shell (1) through a bolt, and the structure of the rear cover (3) is basically the same as that of the front cover (2) except that the gas temperature sensor (11) mounting hole and the gas pressure sensor (12.
Furthermore, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate of the sample clamp are identical in structure, the head of the sample clamp is of an arc structure, a hole for enabling the sample clamp to be sleeved on the supporting rod is formed in the head of the sample clamp, two clamping pieces extend out of the arc, the middle of each clamping piece is used for placing a sample, and holes are formed in the two sides of each clamping piece and used for penetrating a bolt to clamp the sample.
The air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe are respectively connected with the front cover and the rear cover through a welding method.
The invention has the following advantages and prominent effects:
1) the combustion chamber provided by the invention can bear high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed airflow conditions, meets the requirement of a titanium fire test under the action of a simulated engine service environment, and can ignite a test sample in a very short time by adopting a laser ignition mode; 2) the wall of the shell of the combustion chamber is internally provided with a cooling structure, so that the temperature resistance of the equipment is greatly improved, and a titanium fire test at the temperature of over 600 ℃ can be realized; 3) the air outlet end of the air inlet pipe of the combustion chamber is closer to a sample to be measured, so that the air flow speed on the surface of the sample is close to or equal to the air flow speed of the air inlet pipe, the design avoids the increase of the air flow speed in the whole cavity body to reach the air flow speed on the surface of the sample, only the air flow speed of the air inlet pipe needs to be increased, the air flow is reduced under the condition of the same air flow speed, and the power of the air heater is further reduced; 4) an observation window is arranged right above the sample, so that the combustion process of the sample can be observed and recorded in real time, and the ignition temperature of the sample can be measured through an infrared temperature sensor; 5) the test sample can rotate around the sample clamp supporting rod, and the included angle between the sample and the incident airflow and the included angle between the sample and the incident laser can be adjusted; 6) the sample clamp can clamp two or more samples, and can realize the combustion of a plurality of groups of samples; 7) the combustion chamber has the advantages of compact structure, convenient operation, lower cost and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural assembly diagram of a laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is an internal structural view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a view of the housing shown in fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a view of the front cover shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the sample holder shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the first or second splint shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a top view of the first or second clamping plate shown in fig. 5.
Wherein: 1-shell, 2-front cover, 3-back cover, 4-air inlet pipe, 5-air outlet pipe, 6-sample clamp, 7-pressure plate, 8-cooling water pipe, 9-observation window, 10-laser entrance window, 11-gas temperature sensor, 12-gas pressure sensor, 101-opening for installing sample clamp, 102-opening for observation window, 103-opening for laser entrance window, 104-cooling water channel in shell wall, 601-first clamping plate, 602-second clamping plate, 603-support rod, 604-end cover, 605-handle.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test, which adopts laser as an ignition source and comprises a shell (1), a front cover (2), a rear cover (3), an air inlet pipe (4), an exhaust pipe (5), a sample clamp (6), a cooling water pipe (8), an observation window (9), a laser incidence window (10), a gas temperature sensor (11) and a gas pressure sensor (12), wherein the laser is used as the ignition source; a cooling water channel (104) is embedded in the wall of the shell (1), the cooling water channel is communicated with an external cooling water pipe (8) (connected by welding or threads), and cooling water is introduced into the cooling water pipe and the cooling water channel to cool the shell, so that the overhigh temperature of the shell caused by hot air is prevented; three openings are formed in the shell wall, and a sample clamp (6), an observation window (9) and a laser incidence window (10) are respectively and fixedly installed in a sealing mode;
external laser is incident into the shell through the laser incident window (10);
the sample clamp (6) is used for installing and fixing the sample in the shell;
the observation window is used for observing the sample from the outside of the shell;
the front cover (2) and the rear cover (3) are respectively connected with two ends of the shell (1) in a sealing way to form a closed cavity;
the air inlet pipe (4) is connected to the front cover (2), and the air inlet pipe (4) penetrates through the front cover (2) and extends into the cavity;
the exhaust pipe (5) is connected to the rear cover (3), and the exhaust pipe (5) penetrates through the rear cover (3) and extends into the cavity;
the gas temperature sensor (11) and the gas pressure sensor (12) respectively extend into the cavity of the shell (1) through the front cover (2) and are used for measuring the gas temperature and the gas pressure near the sample.
Furthermore, the sample clamp further comprises a pressing plate (7), the pressing plate (7) is used for pressing the sample clamp onto the shell, and the pressing plate is in threaded connection with the shell through two bolts.
Further, the distance between the end part of the air inlet pipe and the test sample is 20-50 mm. So that the incident gas can be directly sprayed onto the test sample surface.
Further, the distance between the gas temperature sensor (11) and the gas pressure sensor (12) is 10-30 mm from the test sample. The gas temperature and gas pressure near the sample were measured.
Furthermore, the observation window (9) is positioned right above the test sample, the observation window (9) is a cover plate with a window, a quartz glass sheet is used as the window, the cover plate is fixed on the opening (102) of the shell through a bolt, and the quartz glass sheet is connected with the cover plate in a sealing mode. A high-speed camera can be arranged right above the observation window to observe the condition of the sample in the cavity when the device is operated, or an infrared temperature sensor is arranged to measure the temperature of the sample.
Furthermore, the angle formed by the laser entrance window (10) and the center line of the shell is less than 90 degrees, and the laser entrance window is made of a material with the transmissivity higher than 80 percent. The laser can accurately irradiate the sample after entering the inner cavity of the combustion chamber perpendicular to the laser incidence window.
As shown in fig. 5, the sample holder (6) includes a first clamping plate (601), a second clamping plate (602), a support rod (603), an end cap (604), and a handle (605); the first clamping plate (601) and the second clamping plate (602) are used for clamping a sample; the first clamping plate (601) and the second clamping plate (602) are sleeved at the front end of the supporting rod (603) and can rotate around the supporting rod (603) to adjust the included angle between the sample and the incident airflow or between the sample and the incident laser; the rear end of the support rod (603) is fixedly connected with an end cover (604) or integrally formed, the end cover (604) is used for sealing and fixing with the opening of the shell, and the end cover (604) is provided with a handle.
As shown in fig. 4, the front cover (2) has a central hole for welding the air inlet pipe (4), a gas temperature sensor (11) mounting hole and a gas pressure sensor (12) mounting hole are arranged on two sides of the central hole, a cooling water pipe hole is arranged on the secondary outer ring and used for enabling a cooling water pipe (8) to penetrate through, the diameter of the cooling water pipe hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cooling water pipe (8), a bolt hole is arranged on the outer ring and used for enabling the cooling water pipe to be fixed on the shell (1) through a bolt, and the structure of the rear cover (3) is basically the same as that of the front cover (2) except that the gas temperature sensor (11) mounting hole and the gas pressure sensor.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the inner clamping plate (601) and the outer clamping plate (602) of the sample clamp have the same structure, the head of the sample clamp is of an arc structure, holes for sleeving the sample clamp on the supporting rod (603) are formed in the head of the sample clamp, two clamping pieces extend out of the arc structure, the middle of each clamping piece is used for placing a sample, and holes are formed in the two sides of each clamping piece and used for penetrating bolts to clamp the sample.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the shell (1) is circular in section and is manufactured by an integral casting mode, the outer diameter of the shell is 290mm, the diameter of an inner cavity of the shell is 220mm, two ends of the shell are provided with connecting flanges, the diameters of the flanges are 360mm, and the diameters of three bosses (101), (102) and (103) are 200mm, 120mm and 80mm respectively. The sample clamp (6) is installed on the boss (101), the sample clamp is pressed onto the boss (101) by two pressing plates, and a test sample is clamped onto the sample clamp (6) through the inner clamping plate (601) and the outer clamping plate (602). The observation window (9) is made of quartz glass, the diameter of the observation window is 88mm, a cover plate with holes is fixed on a boss (102) of the observation window through bolts, a high-speed camera can be installed right above the observation window to observe the condition of a sample in the cavity when the equipment runs, or an infrared temperature sensor is installed to measure the temperature of the sample. The laser incidence window (10) is positioned in front of the observation window (9), is made of zinc selenide, has the diameter of 32mm, is fixed on a boss (103) of the observation window by a cover plate with holes through bolts, has the center line forming an angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the shell, and is vertical to the laser which enters the test cavity from the laser incidence window and irradiates the surface of a test sample. The front cover (2) and the rear cover (3) are basically the same in structure, the diameters of the front cover and the rear cover are all 360mm, the front cover and the rear cover are connected to a flange of the shell (1) through bolts, and a sealing ring is arranged between the front cover and the shell (1) for sealing. The diameters of the air inlet pipe (4) and the air outlet pipe (5) are respectively 40mm and 100mm, and the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are respectively fixed on the front cover (2) and the rear cover (3) through a welding method. The end of the gas inlet pipe (4) is 20mm away from the sample so that the incident gas can be directly sprayed onto the surface of the test sample. A gas temperature sensor (11) and a gas pressure sensor (12) are mounted on the front cover (2) through sealed threads, and respectively measure the temperature and pressure of gas near the sample. The wall of the shell (1) is internally provided with 10 cooling water channels (104) with the diameter of 10mm, and the cooling water pipe (8) is welded on the cooling water channels (104) and penetrates through cooling water pipe holes of the front cover (2) and the rear cover (3). During the test, firstly, cooling water is introduced into a cooling water pipe (8) to ensure that the device is cooled, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is introduced into an air inlet pipe (4) to enter a cavity and be sprayed onto the surface of a sample, a valve of an exhaust pipe is adjusted, after the temperature, the pressure and the air flow speed in the cavity are stable, laser enters a laser incidence window (10) to irradiate the front part of the sample, the sample is rapidly heated to be ignited, a high-speed camera is arranged above an observation window (9) to observe the condition of the sample in the cavity, and a gas temperature sensor (11) and a gas pressure sensor (12) respectively measure the temperature and the.
Example 2
The section of the shell (1) is rectangular and is formed by welding four plates with cooling water channels (104), three bosses (101), (102) and (103) are connected to the shell (1) through a welding method, the bosses (102) and the bosses (103) are arranged on the upward surface, the opening (101) is arranged on the side surface, so that an observation window (9) on the opening (102) is positioned right above a test sample, a laser incidence window (10) on the opening (103) is positioned obliquely above the test sample, the observation window (9) is made of quartz glass, the laser incidence window (10) is made of zinc selenide, sealing rings are arranged between the observation window (9) and the shell opening as well as between the laser incidence window (10) and the shell opening, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is prevented from leaking. The opening (103) is obliquely arranged, so that laser incident perpendicular to the laser incident window (10) can be irradiated to the surface of the test sample. The sample clamp (6) is arranged on the opening (101) and is pressed onto the opening of the shell through the pressing plate, and a sealing ring is arranged between an end cover (604) of the sample clamp (6) and the opening (101). The air inlet pipe (4) and the front cover (2) as well as the exhaust pipe (5) and the rear cover (3) are manufactured into a whole by a turning method, and the front cover (2) and the rear cover (3) are connected with the shell (1) by a welding method. The air inlet pipe (4) extends into the cavity of the shell and is close to the test sample, so that the incident air can be directly sprayed to the surface of the test sample, and the airflow speed on the surface of the sample is close to or equal to the airflow speed of the incident air. The gas temperature sensor (11) and the gas pressure sensor (12) are arranged on one side of the shell (1) opposite to the opening (101) and are connected with the shell (1) through sealing threads. The cooling water pipe (8) is welded to the cooling water channel (104). During the test, firstly, cooling water is introduced into a cooling water pipe (8) to ensure that the device is cooled, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is introduced into an air inlet pipe (4) to enter a cavity and be sprayed onto the surface of a sample, a valve of an exhaust pipe is adjusted, after the temperature, the pressure and the air flow speed in the cavity are stable, laser enters a laser incidence window (10) to irradiate the front part of the sample, the sample is rapidly heated to be ignited, a high-speed camera is arranged above an observation window (9) to observe the condition of the sample in the cavity, and a gas temperature sensor (11) and a gas pressure sensor (12) respectively measure the temperature and the.
Claims (9)
1. A laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test adopts laser as an ignition source, and comprises a shell (1), a front cover (2), a rear cover (3), an air inlet pipe (4), an air outlet pipe (5), a sample clamp (6), a cooling water pipe (8), an observation window (9), a laser incidence window (10), a gas temperature sensor (11) and a gas pressure sensor (12); a cooling water channel (104) is embedded in the wall of the shell (1), the cooling water channel is communicated with an external cooling water pipe (8), and cooling water is introduced into the cooling water pipe and the cooling water channel to cool the shell, so that the shell is prevented from being overhigh in temperature caused by hot air; three openings are formed in the shell wall, and a sample clamp (6), an observation window (9) and a laser incidence window (10) are respectively and fixedly installed in a sealing mode;
external laser is incident into the shell through the laser incident window (10);
the sample clamp (6) is used for installing and fixing the sample in the shell;
the observation window is used for observing the sample from the outside of the shell;
the front cover (2) and the rear cover (3) are respectively connected with two ends of the shell (1) in a sealing way to form a closed cavity;
the air inlet pipe (4) is connected to the front cover (2), and the air inlet pipe (4) penetrates through the front cover (2) and extends into the cavity;
the exhaust pipe (5) is connected to the rear cover (3), and the exhaust pipe (5) penetrates through the rear cover (3) and extends into the cavity;
the gas temperature sensor (11) and the gas pressure sensor (12) respectively extend into the cavity of the shell (1) through the front cover (2) and are used for measuring the gas temperature and the gas pressure near the sample.
2. The laser ignition combustion chamber for the titanium fire test as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sample clamp is characterized by further comprising a pressing plate (7), wherein the pressing plate (7) is used for pressing the sample clamp onto the shell, and the pressing plate is in threaded connection with the shell through two bolts.
3. A laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the distance between the end part of the air inlet pipe and the test sample is 20-50 mm.
4. A laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the distance between the gas temperature sensor (11) and the gas pressure sensor (12) is 10-30 mm from the test sample.
5. A laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the observation window (9) is positioned right above the test sample, the observation window (9) is a cover plate with a window, a quartz glass sheet is adopted as the window, the cover plate is fixed on the opening (102) of the shell through a bolt, and the quartz glass sheet is connected with the cover plate in a sealing way.
6. A laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the angle formed by the laser incident window (10) and the center line of the shell is less than 90 degrees, and the laser incident window is made of a material with the transmissivity higher than 80 percent.
7. A laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the sample clamp (6) comprises a first clamping plate (601), a second clamping plate (602), a supporting rod (603), an end cover (604) and a handle (605); the first clamping plate (601) and the second clamping plate (602) are used for clamping a sample; the first clamping plate (601) and the second clamping plate (602) are sleeved at the front end of the supporting rod (603) and can rotate around the supporting rod (603) to adjust the included angle between the sample and the incident airflow or between the sample and the incident laser; the rear end of the support rod (603) is fixedly connected with an end cover (604) or integrally formed, the end cover (604) is used for sealing and fixing with the opening of the shell, and the end cover (604) is provided with a handle.
8. A laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the front cover (2) is provided with a center hole for welding the air inlet pipe (4), a gas temperature sensor (11) mounting hole and a gas pressure sensor (12) mounting hole are arranged on two sides of the center hole, a cooling water pipe hole is formed in the secondary outer ring and used for enabling a cooling water pipe (8) to penetrate through, the diameter of the cooling water pipe hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cooling water pipe (8), a bolt hole is formed in the outer ring and used for enabling the cooling water pipe to be fixed on the shell (1) through a bolt, and the structure of the rear cover (3) is basically the same as that of the front cover (2) except that the gas temperature sensor (11) mounting hole and the gas pressure sensor.
9. A laser ignition combustion chamber for a titanium fire test as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the cooling water channel (104) is connected with an external cooling water pipe (8) through welding or threads.
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| CN104330519B (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-18 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of particle pneumatic floating laser ignition experimental provision |
| CN105044274B (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2016-07-06 | 南京理工大学 | The laser ignition experimental provision of many sample continuous ignitions |
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2017
- 2017-11-23 CN CN201711188505.5A patent/CN108008062B/en active Active
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