CN108005739A - Using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation - Google Patents

Using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation Download PDF

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CN108005739A
CN108005739A CN201711167396.9A CN201711167396A CN108005739A CN 108005739 A CN108005739 A CN 108005739A CN 201711167396 A CN201711167396 A CN 201711167396A CN 108005739 A CN108005739 A CN 108005739A
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cold energy
lng
energy
lng cold
utilization
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唐文静
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Sichuan Jinying Technology Co Ltd
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Sichuan Jinying Technology Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B17/0404—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to powder
    • B29B17/0408—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to powder using cryogenic systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods using cold energy generation, it comprises the following steps：S1, generated electricity using LNG cold energy；S2, carry out the recycling of associated gas lime set using the LNG cold energy completed after generating electricity or produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old；S3, using completing the recycling of associated gas lime set or produce CO2And the LNG cold energy after dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old carries out warehouse refrigeration or sea water desalination.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：On the premise of different user operating characteristic is met, cold energy distributing rationally between multiple users is arranged, realizes the cascade utilization of cold energy.Demand according to various cold energy use techniques to potential temperature, has formulated three-level Utilization plan, improves LNG cold recovery rates, reduces the vaporization expense of LNG, is of great significance to saving the energy, improving efficiency of energy utilization.

Description

Using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation
Technical field
The present invention relates to LNG cold energy use technical fields, especially with the LNG cold energy cascade utilization side of cold energy generation Method.
Background technology
Since the 21th century, world petroleum price is surging, and the energy and power cost increase substantially, fast in China's economic Under the form of speed development, it is very urgent to save the energy, raising energy utilization rate.The energy of the LNG as clean and effective, is subject to The favor of countries in the world, thus also brings developing rapidly (average annual 20% growth rate) for LNG industry.
LNG be by low stain natural gas by depickling, dehydration, by low temperature process cryogenic liquefaction into low temperature (- 162 DEG C) liquid mixture, its density increases about 600 times, in favor of long-distance transportation.Often produce one ton of LNG power and Public utility power consumption is about 850kwh, and in LNG receiving stations, it is general LNG need to be vaporized by vaporizer again after use, vapour Very big cold is released during change, its value is about 830kJ/kg, and this cold includes the latent heat of vaporization and gaseous state of liquified natural gas Sensible heat of the natural gas from storage temperature rewarming to environment temperature.If directly allowing liquefied natural gas to evaporate in the environment, ring is absorbed The heat heating in border, can not only be such that the cold energy that LNG is carried slatterns in vain, but also can cause cold pollution to environment.
In recent years, China has achieved the achievement of brilliance in fields such as the production of LNG, transport and applications.2009, China 553.2 ten thousand tons of Liquefied Natural Gas Import, increases by 65.8%, accounts for the 57.1% of Chinese liquefied gas inlet total amount then, proportion compared with Improve 1 percentage point within 2008.Chinese inlet natural gas exceedes 100 billion cubic meters within 2010, including about 6,000,000 tons of liquefaction Natural gas.It is expected that China's LNG imports in 2015 will be more than 20,000,000 tons, the year two thousand twenty can also be doubled and redoubled.
Extensive development applications of the LNG in China is irresistible, studies the Application way of LNG cold energy, makes it more Field reaches practical degree, on the premise of environmental pollution, reply energy crisis is reduced, lifts whole LNG industry chain Economic benefit and social benefit, have great importance.The utilization of China LNG cold energy is not promoted also at present, due to LNG Cold energy itself it is derivative, determine that the development and utilization of this energy is also faced with many technology transfer problems.At present, in LNG In terms of cold energy use there are cold energy use efficiency it is low,Big phenomenon is damaged, causes most of cold energy entrained by LNG not obtain Rationally utilize.
The design of part step cold energy use technique lacks strong Theoretical Proof at present, or theoretical utilized with reality is deposited Disconnecting, only from the cascade utilization of energy point of view research LNG cold energy, and have ignored the height of LNG cold energy energy matter, cause in reality LNG utilizes the cold of technique in the utilization on borderEfficiency is very low, and there are LNG cold energy not to obtain phenomenon that is reasonable, making full use of, right It is used in the high-quality cold energy in relatively low potential temperature section in the technique low to cold energy grade requirement, causes cold energy use positive effect to drop It is low.
Although step cold energy use technique has been suggested, it still fails to enough fundamentally solution LNG cold energy use effects The problem of rate is not high, economic benefit is low.
(exergy) definition is：The environment that material or logistics are changed to and given by reversible process by given state The theoretical maximum work(that benchmark balances each other done.LNG cold energy is primarily due to LNG, and there are caused by temperature imbalance with surrounding environment Temperature difference and the pressure differential caused by pressure imbalance.It is the important indicator for weighing cold energy size and quality, that is, is used for Point out the part of theoretical maximum work(that can be made in lower given energy of certain designated state.
The content of the invention
The shortcomings that it is an object of the invention to overcome the prior art, there is provided one kind distributes rationally, improves LNG cold recoveries Rate, the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods using cold energy generation for saving the energy.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：Using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation, It comprises the following steps：
S1, generated electricity using LNG cold energy；
S2, carry out the recycling of associated gas lime set using the LNG cold energy completed after generating electricity or produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice or Low-temperature grinding waste old；
S3, using completing the recycling of associated gas lime set or produce CO2And the LNG after dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old Cold energy carries out warehouse refrigeration or sea water desalination
The method to be generated electricity using LNG cold energy is direct expansion method, secondary media law, combination method or multistage direct Plavini.
The present invention has the following advantages：The present invention arranges cold energy more on the premise of different user operating characteristic is met Distributing rationally between a user, realizes the cascade utilization of cold energy.Demand according to various cold energy use techniques to potential temperature, is formulated Three-level Utilization plan, improves LNG cold recovery rates, reduces the vaporization expense of LNG, to saving the energy, improving using energy source Efficiency is of great significance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram to be generated electricity using direct expansion method using LNG cold energy
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram to be generated electricity using secondary media law using LNG cold energy
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram to be generated electricity using combination method using LNG cold energy
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram that associated gas lime set recycling is carried out using LNG cold energy
Fig. 5 is to produce liquefaction CO using LNG cold energy2And the structure diagram of dry ice
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram using LNG cold energy low-temperature grinding waste olds
Fig. 7 is the cascade utilization flow chart of cold storage warehouse
Fig. 8 is the structure diagram that warehouse refrigeration is carried out using LNG cold energy
Fig. 9 is the structure diagram for carrying out sea water desalination using LNG cold energy using the direct contact freezing of refrigerant
Figure 10 is the first solution framework figure of LNG cold energy cascade utilization
Figure 11 is LNG cold energy cascade utilization second scheme frame diagrams
Figure 12 is the third solution framework figure of LNG cold energy cascade utilization
Figure 13 is the 4th kind of solution framework figure of LNG cold energy cascade utilization
Figure 14 is LNG cold energy cascade utilization fifth version frame diagrams
Figure 15 is the 6th kind of solution framework figure of LNG cold energy cascade utilization.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, protection scope of the present invention be not limited to It is lower described：
Using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation, it comprises the following steps：
S1, generated electricity using LNG cold energy；
S2, carry out the recycling of associated gas lime set using the LNG cold energy completed after generating electricity or produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice or Low-temperature grinding waste old；
S3, using completing the recycling of associated gas lime set or produce CO2And the LNG after dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old Cold energy carries out warehouse refrigeration or sea water desalination
The method to be generated electricity using LNG cold energy is direct expansion method, secondary media law, combination method or multistage direct Plavini.
The direct expansion method is：As shown in Figure 1, LNG, after pump pressurizes, in evaporator heating, to be vaporized into high pressure natural Gas, directly drives turbo-expander using high-pressure natural gas, drives electrical power generators；
Evaporimeter thermal source can use seawater, it is possible to use other heat sources, since fluid operating pressure is higher, so expansion is saturating It is flat to make microminiature, high rotating speed.Gas before and after expanding is depended on using the recycling power size of the direct expansion fashion of natural gas Pressure ratio, as gas supply pressure requires low 3.0MPa, then the better economy of circulation and stress power, is increase in practical application System organic efficiency, can also use multiple expansion turbine.
The advantages of direct expansion method is that generation mode simple system, investment are low, but efficiency is low, and generated output is smaller, often The generated energy of ton LNG is in 20kWh or so.Gas differential pressure determines the size of output power, when defeated pressure is high outside natural gas Generated output will be reduced.
The secondary media law (rankine cycle of middle thermophore) is：As shown in Fig. 2, the liquefied natural gas by low temperature As condensate liquid, by heat exchanger, in low temperature conversion to a certain refrigerant, the temperature between liquefied natural gas and environment is utilized Difference, promotes refrigerant to carry out steam power cycle, so as to externally do work, to efficiently use the cold energy of natural gas, the choosing of working medium Select extremely important, refrigerating medium necessarily requires boiling point relatively low, generally use methane in engineering, ethane, propane or other are multigroup The hydro carbons divided is similar to the power generation of direct expansion method as refrigerating medium, other links.This electricity generating plan is similar to pure condensed steam Formula steam turbine, since LNG is multicomponent mixture, boiling spread is wide, should use mixing refrigerant, make the vaporization curve of LNG with The freezing curve of refrigerant is consistent as far as possible, so as to improve the thermal efficiency of LNG vaporization device.
The circulation includes following 4 processes：1. evaporation process：After refrigerant liquid heat-exchange, heat absorption is undergone phase transition, and pressure increases Greatly；2. expansion process：Pressure energy is converted into mechanical energy by the steam with elevated pressures through turbo-expander, and pressure reduces, defeated Go out mechanical energy, electric energy is changed into by generator；3. condensation process：After pressure energy is converted into mechanical energy, refrigerant vapor exists Liquid is condensed into by cooling with liquefied natural gas heat-shift in heat exchanger；4. boost process：Liquid pressure is made by LNG pump Power increases.And it is similar to direct expansion method to improve pressure heat source source mode, predominantly seawater or other industrial waste heats is as warm Measure source.Liquefied natural gas is by multicomponent composition mixture, and boiling point difference determines that refrigerating medium should use multicomponent composition Material, is consistent therewith.It can so make the slave liquid of LNG be converted into gaseous transformation curve to be converted into from gaseous state with refrigerating medium The transformation curve of liquid is consistent as far as possible, can be made the coolant media cold as much as possible for absorbing LNG vaporization and being released, be increased Add the efficiency of LNG cold energy uses, the efficiency of cold energy recycle can be up to 36%, objectively, the freezing curve of refrigerating medium with The vaporization curve of liquefied natural gas is difficult to accomplish completely to overlap, and causes the condensation point of liquefied natural gas boiling point and mixed working fluid inclined From just having part cold that liquefied natural gas discharged by can be discharged into environment in vain, cause to waste.Meanwhile the set is cold Technique can be utilizedDamage is also bigger than direct expansion method.If can the steam waste heat in industrial production, draining waste heat and Heat collection in industrial waste heat gets up to be used, and raising enters turbine steam pressure, can improve system dynamic recycling ability. Mainly its requirement to electric power system of the shortcomings that system is higher, it is necessary to which load fluctuation is less, the composition system of the component of LNG The operation of system also has an impact.
The advantages of this method is only to can be obtained by considerable power with level-one rankine cycle, whole system Efficiency is about 36%.The system is disadvantageous in that its change to supply load is very sensitive, and the composition pair of LNG The normal operation of system also has a certain impact.
The combination method is：Direct expansion method and Rankine cycle method are combined, the electricity generation system different equivalent to two Generate electricity at the same time, power generation terminal there are two generators to generate electricity at the same time, because higher than condensation temperature in can so generating electricity to avoid rankine cycle The cold energy of degree is not used, and in this technique, the physical property of middle refrigerant is particularly important, its solidification point is not above LNG temperature mistakes Height, has good mobility and heat-exchange performance, and thermal capacitance and heat of vaporization are larger, at ambient temperature, can be converted into liquid, uses Safety, usually with the hydrocarbon compounds such as low-boiling methane, propane, ethene or freon working medium and lighter hydrocarbons and freon Mixture based on.In the power circulation system of secondary refrigerant, the mode of generally use backheat or reheat vapor cycle, makes LNG cold The cold energy use efficiency of energy is improved.
Such a electrification technique liquefied natural gas per ton can send the electric energy of 45kWh, and the cold energy rate of recovery is usually 36%, if Standby expense is low, and environmental pollution is small.Due to short with the cycle, the characteristics of income is fast in a short time, the energy value which is sent Relatively low, the market competitiveness is stronger.The stability that it generates electricity is stronger, and operation had not occurred over more than 20 years to be stopped caused by failure The accident of power generation.As shown in Figure 3.LNG drives the steam power cycle of secondary media externally to do work by heat exchanger, the most day after tomorrow Right gas passes through gas turbine expansion work again.The selection of refrigerant is more important in combination method, its physical property must be in LNG temperature ranges Do not solidify inside, there is good flowing and heat exchange property, critical-temperature is higher than environment temperature, and specific heat is big, safe to use, usually choosing The mixture of the freon such as the hydrocarbon compounds such as propane, ethene or R502 working medium and lighter hydrocarbons and freon.In order to improve The organic efficiency of LNG cold energy, generally use backheat or reheat vapor cycle in secondary refrigerant power circulation system.
The multistage direct expansion method is：Cold energy of liquefied natural gas is joined together using direct expansion method, is carried out more Level direct expansion mode generates electricity.The energy loss of the pump to be generated electricity with which is that LNG power generations per ton need to provide electric energy 17kWh, Liquefied natural gas per ton can be produced as the electric energy of 126kWh, and cold energy generation efficiency can reach 41.8%, LNG cold energyEffect Rate is even more that can be up to 82.3%.
In associated gas or well head natural gas in addition to containing methane, also containing a certain amount of ethane, propane, butane, penta Alkane and heavier hydro carbons.In order to make associated gas meet the quality standard of commercial natural gas, meet the quality mark of pipe gas transmission Standard, while in order to obtain the liquid fuel of preciousness and industrial chemicals, it is necessary to which the hydro carbons in associated gas is required according to certain Separation and recycling.The purpose of recycling lime set is from associated gas：1st, commodity gas is made to meet quality index；2nd, pipe gas transmission is met Quality requirement；3rd, lime set is farthest recycled.
It is described associated gas lime set recycling is carried out using the LNG cold energy completed after generating electricity method be：Such as Fig. 4 institutes Show, raw material associated gas is forced into 3.7MP a after drier is dehydrated, through compressor.Logistics after pressurization is through heat-exchange network After being cooled to 7 DEG C, into adiabatic flash tank, it is divided into 2 bursts of logistics of gas-liquid two-phase.Gaseous stream from flash tank is cooled to -85 DEG C, through entering domethanizing column in the middle part of domethanizing column.After liquid phase stream from flash tank is cooled to -102 DEG C, through demethanizer Jacking enters domethanizing column.The recovered cold energy of overhead product of domethanizing column and backheat are incorporated to city gas to after 20 DEG C or so Pipe network.The bottomsstream of domethanizing column enters dethanizer.After the ethane in unstripped gas is recycled in dethanizer, bottom of towe evaporates Go out thing and enter debutanizing tower, obtain product liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and light oil.Cold energy in above-mentioned cooling procedure is all by completing LNG after power generation is provided by heat exchanger.
Condensate liquid recovery process and traditional condensation recovery process using electric compressor refrigeration modes using LNG cold energy Compare, electric energy is up to 70% or so, has greatly saved electric energy.
At present, the Combination Process for NGL Recovery of associated gas be obtained by the way of voltage contraction cryogen swell refrigeration it is low Temperature, carries out lime set separation.This method is higher as a result of voltage contracting refrigeration process, energy consumption.
Liquid carbon dioxide has a very wide range of applications in fields such as food refrigerated, welding, casting and beverages, dry ice Application field then more extensively, such as the Refrigerated Transport of food, and many industrial process streams.
Described produces liquefaction CO using the LNG cold energy completed after generating electricity2And the method for dry ice is：It is as shown in figure 5, whole Flow is divided into two-stage, and the first order exchanges heat for LNG and propane, and the second level is propane and CO2Heat exchange.Process system is in order to avoid knot Ice, refrigerant use propane.The outlet of propane tank is sequentially connected propane pump and liquefaction device, the propane of liquefaction device by pipeline Outlet is sequentially connected LNG/ propane heat exchanger and propane tank entrance by pipeline, completes the LNG after power generation and is changed from LNG/ propane One end of hot device flows into, and is flowed out from the other end, completes the heat transfer process with propane, cold is provided for propane-cooled.Gas dioxy Change carbon and deodorant holder and carbon dioxide dryer are passed sequentially through by pipeline after carbon-dioxide gas compressor, set subsequently into liquefaction Standby, the liquid carbon dioxide outlet of liquefaction device connects storage tank by pipeline, and storage tank a-road-through piping is sequentially connected dry-ice machine With dry ice carrier vehicle, storage tank another way is sequentially connected liquid carbon dioxide pump, liquid carbon dioxide heater and liquid by pipeline State carbon dioxide storage tank, liquid carbon dioxide storage tank pump connection liquid carbon dioxide accumulating further through another liquid carbon dioxide Car.
The premise of production liquefied carbon dioxide or dry ice is that have sufficient gaseous carbon dioxide as raw material, utilizes LNG's It is typically using the byproduct carbon dioxide in chemical plant as raw material that cold energy, which manufactures liquid carbon dioxide or dry ice, it is possible to achieve chemical plant The enterprise of contour CO2 emission realizes carbon dioxide zero discharge.At present in a large amount of fixed generation CO2Thermal power plant and Steel plant etc. cure recycling CO by the use of the LNG cold energy class as fuel2, it is the important topic discussed now.This scheme is not The energy is only greatly saved, and controls the greenhouse gases CO of current global concern2Discharge.
With traditional liquefaction CO2And dry ice producing technique is compared, dropped significantly using the load of the refrigeration plant of LNG cold energy Low, power consumption reduces by 30%~40%.With byproduct CO caused by chemical plant2For raw material, liquefaction is produced using LNG cold energy CO2And dry ice, the cost and power consumption of raw material can be largely reduced, while the liquefaction CO produced2And dry ice high purity 99.99%.But the LNG cold energy of -162 DEG C of utilization produces the liquid CO that potential temperature is -70 DEG C2, processLoss it is very big, be very without Ji, so to develop the cascade utilization scheme of LNG cold energy, make every effort to improve the cold energy use efficiency of LNG to greatest extent.
Described has two kinds using the method for completing the LNG cold energy low-temperature grinding waste olds after generating electricity：One kind is first will LNG is separated for air, is then crushed with the liquid nitrogen frozen rubber powder after separation.Another kind is using nitrogen as refrigerant recovering LNG Cold energy, and use it for rubber low-temperature grinding.Nitrogen and -150 DEG C of LNG exchange heat and obtain cold energy, and temperature is down to -95 DEG C of left sides Refrigerating chamber is inputted behind the right side and Lowtemperaturepulverizer is used for the freezing and crushing of rubber.Waste tire is through being tentatively broken into certain particle size After micelle, then it is sent to fore-cooling room after magnetic separation, screening and drying and is tentatively cooled down, be then fed into refrigerating chamber freezing, freezing is crisp Micelle after change crushes in Lowtemperaturepulverizer.Concrete technology is as shown in Figure 6.After the cold energy of nitrogen recycling LNG to refrigerating chamber and Lowtemperaturepulverizer cools down, and the nitrogen after cooling passes through fore-cooling room, cools down to fore-cooling room, fully the nitrogen after heat exchange The first water cooled device cooling, then heat exchange is carried out through heat exchanger and LNG after compressor.Waste tire passes through successively after broken Boulder crusher, fine crusher, magnetic separator, sifter, micelle storehouse and drier, it is cold then in turn through fore-cooling room's precooling and refrigerating chamber Freeze, heat exchange occurs with nitrogen, deep cooling crush is finally carried out by cryogenic pulverization machine, the material after crushing is screened, is packaged to be Rubber powder.After nitrogen exchanges heat with -150 DEG C of LNG in heat exchanger, and obtain cold energy and liquefy, drop to -95 DEG C or so, it is defeated Enter in refrigerating chamber and Lowtemperaturepulverizer, rubber is freezed and is crushed.
Traditional cryogenic crushing process come frozen rubber, causes the use that degrades of energy using -196 DEG C of liquid nitrogen, and And production cost (110~115kg liquid nitrogen need to be consumed by often producing 110kg rubber powders) is improved, it is economically impractical.LNG cold energy The refrigeration plants such as expanding machine are not required in deep cooling crush rubber process, save the electric power of these equipment consumption, save equipment throwing Money and energy consumption cost, greatly reduce construction cost.
Waste old has higher calorific value (29~37MJ/kg), and alternative coal is used for doing fuel, but can give off exhaust gas Air is polluted, and the chemical products quality such as fuel gas extracted by thermal cracking is low, operating cost is high, in the prior art Upper economy is infeasible.But if by rubber pulverizing into rubber powder, the process for reducing desulfurization and refining, greatly saves wealth Power, material resources and manpower, while there is no the secondary pollutions such as waste water, exhaust gas and dust.Waste old low-temperature grinding can be given birth to safely The fine glue powder of high added value at production, rubber powder is direct or modified can be widely applied to rubber plastic product, chemical building material, highway The fields such as traffic, can not only substitute part raw rubber, but also can improve the performance of product.
Using LNG cold energy carry out warehouse refrigeration method be：As shown in fig. 7, LNG and refrigerant are subjected to heat by heat exchanger Amount exchange, cooled refrigerant sequentially enter sharp freezing device (- 60 DEG C), freezer (- 35 DEG C), freezer (0 DEG C with Under), (0~10 DEG C) of pre-cooler progress frozen goods, such LNG cold energyLoss will be greatly lowered, whole flow process Operating cost have dropped 37.5% compared with mechanical refrigeration mode.
Traditional freezer maintains the low temperature required by freezer using multistage or superposition type Cempression engine refrigerating apparatus, and power consumption is huge Greatly.This that LNG and refrigerant are carried out heat exchange by heat exchanger, cooled refrigerant flows through pipeline and enters freezer, finally exists The freezing and refrigeration to article in freezer is realized by cooling coil in freezer, so as to save refrigeration machine, is reduced substantial amounts of initial Investment, also a saving more than 30% electric power.Significantly cut down using LNG cold energy construction food product refrigeration/fresh-keeping also construction cost, Efficiently use the advantages that floor space, noise vibration are small, failure is few, temperature recovery is fast in easy-maintaining, freezer.It is illustrated in figure 8 LNG cold energy is used for the device flow chart of freezing-cooling storeroom.Complete the recycling of associated gas lime set or produce CO2And dry ice or low temperature By heat exchanger and refrigerating medium heat exchange occurs for the LNG after pulverizing waste rubber first, and cold is passed to refrigerating medium, refrigerating medium It is stored in cold-storage groove, cold is delivered in freezer by the circulation of ammoniacal liquor.The refrigerating medium generally selected is ethylene glycol solution Or freon..
Freezer is to realize specific temperature and humidity, for processing or storing the building of food, the raw material of industry etc..Root Different according to frozen goods, freezer can be divided into sharp freezing storehouse, cryogenic freezing storehouse, freezer and pre-cooling storehouse, above freezer Temperature control respectively at -60 DEG C, -35 DEG C, 0 DEG C, 0~10 DEG C.The scheme of LNG cold energy cascade utilizations is such as used, by LNG cold energy Above-mentioned 4 kinds of freezers are respectively led to by medium, can largely reduce cold energyDamage.
Sea water desalination is the less salt that can be directly used the turn seawater of high salinity for people by a series of process The seawater or fresh water of degree.The method of sea water desalination at present has many kinds, and the method for desalting seawater that LNG energy can be utilized cold is freezing Method.The mainly formation including ice crystal, washing, separation, the thawing etc. of freezing technique.Therefore, the core of freezing sea water desalination Point it is the crystallization process of seawater, the salinity of this fine or not direct relation of crystallization fresh water to the end.
Different according to the mode that cold is provided to seawater, freezing sea water desalination is divided into a variety of forms, utilizes LNG The method that cold energy carries out sea water desalination has：The direct contact freezing of indirect freezing method, refrigerant, vacuum-freezing process.
The direct contact freezing of the refrigerant, is that refrigerant or refrigerant directly contact with seawater and make the side of seawater icing Method.Since contact area is big, this method has that heat transfer efficiency is high, can be compared with being carried out under Low Temperature Difference the characteristics of.Detailed process is： Enter by the sea water mixing after refrigerant, with precooling of not soluble in water, the power-consuming refrigerant close to seawater freezing point in crystallizer.It is cold Medium gasization is absorbed heat, and seawater freezing freezes, the substantially latent heat of exchange.Gaseous refrigerant iso-butane is gone out at the top of crystallizer Enter the cooling liquefaction of LNG heat exchangers afterwards, be sprayed onto in the seawater of crystallizer and recycle after pump pressurizes.Raw material sea by precooling Water, enters in crystallizer and heat exchange occurs with iso-butane.Ice crystal is cooled into, then brine ice is entered in scrubbing tower, The ice crystal of washing gained is transported in melter, is melted and is obtained fresh water.Technological process is as shown in Figure 9.
The advantages of this technique is：Using middle refrigerant and seawater direct contact heat transfer, heat exchange efficiency is very high, often consumes 1kgLNG can obtain 1.8L fresh water, a kind of preferable method of principle above formula；Shortcoming is, from the point of view of the document of reference, to this method Research be essentially blank, lack enough theories integrations, technology is not mature enough, from simulation calculate from the point of view of, icing device also compares It is larger.
The utilization temperature range table of cold energy use technique
By upper table it can be seen that the Applicable temperature section of cold energy generation is wider, but which due to can only recovery section it is cold Can, cold energy organic efficiency is not high.
Embodiment 1：
As shown in Figure 10, using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation, it comprises the following steps：
S1, generated electricity by direct expansion method, secondary media law or combination method using LNG cold energy；
S2, utilize the LNG cold energy progress low-temperature grinding waste old completed after generating electricity；
S3, carry out warehouse refrigeration using completing the LNG cold energy after low-temperature grinding waste old.
According to thermodynamic calculation method, the techniqueIt is as follows to damage calculating process：
1. cold energy generation
From above flow：T0=193K；R=0.520kJ/ (kmolK)；
T=111K；cp=2.16kJ/ (kgK)；
P=0.1MPa；p0=0.5MPa；R=505kJ/kg.
Ex represents single stage process；It is total that EX represents scheme。
Pressure:
exp=T0RIn(p/p0)=193 × 0.520 × In (0.1/0.5) kJ/kg=-161.5kJ/kg
Sensible heat is cold：
exc,s=cp(T-T0)+cpT0ln(T0/T)
=2.16 × (111-193)+2.16 × 193 × ln (193/111) kJ/kg=53.5kJ/kg
Latent heat is cold:
：
Ex=exp+exc,s+exc,l=-161.5+53.5+373.1=265.0kJ/kg
2. low-temperature grinding and smashing waste thing
exp=-40.8kJ/kg；exc,s=8.4kJ/kg；exc,l=104.7kJ/kg；Ex=72.3kJ/kg
3. cold storage warehouse
Exp=50.4kJ/kg；Exc, s=13.0kJ/kg；Exc, l=119.2kJ/kg；Ex=182.6kJ/kg EX= 519.9kJ/kg。
Embodiment 2：
As shown in figure 11, using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation, it comprises the following steps：
S1, generated electricity by direct expansion method, secondary media law or combination method using LNG cold energy；
S2, utilize the LNG cold energy progress low-temperature grinding waste old completed after generating electricity；
S3, carry out sea water desalination using completing the LNG cold energy after low-temperature grinding waste old.
1. cold energy generation
exp=-161.5kJ/kg；exc,s=53.5kJ/kg；exc,l=373.1kJ/kg；Ex=265.0kJ/kg
2. low-temperature grinding and smashing waste thing
exp=-101.5kJ/kg；exc,s=4.8kJ/kg；exc,l=78.8kJ/kg；Ex=-18.2kJ/kg
3. sea water desalination
exp=131.1kJ/kg；exc,s=18.7kJ/kg；exc,l=147.2kJ/kg；Ex=297.0kJ/kg
EX=543.8kJ/kg.
Embodiment 3：
As shown in figure 12, using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation, it comprises the following steps：
S1, generated electricity by direct expansion method, secondary media law or combination method using LNG cold energy；
S2, produce liquefaction CO using the LNG cold energy completed after generating electricity2And dry ice；
S3, produce liquefaction CO using completion2And the LNG cold energy after dry ice carries out warehouse refrigeration.
1. cold energy generation
exp=-197.7kJ/kg；exc,s=31.9kJ/kg；exc,l=282.1kJ/kg；Ex=116.3kJ/kg
2. produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice
exp=28.4kJ/kg；exc,s=11.2kJ/kg；exc,l=128.4kJ/kg；Ex=168.0kJ/kg
3. cold storage warehouse
exp=50.4kJ/kg；exc,s=22.7kJ/kg；exc,l=165.2kJ/kg；Ex=238.3kJ/kg
EX=522.6kJ/kg
Embodiment 4：
As shown in figure 13, using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation, it comprises the following steps：S1, by straight Plavini, secondary media law or combination method is connect to generate electricity using LNG cold energy；
S2, produce liquefaction CO using the LNG cold energy completed after generating electricity2And dry ice；
S3, produce liquefaction CO using completion2And the LNG cold energy after dry ice carries out sea water desalination.
1. cold energy generation
exp=-197.7kJ/kg；exc,s=31.9kJ/kg；exc,l=282.1kJ/kg；Ex=116.3kJ/kg
2. produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice
exp=-33.4kJ/kg；exc,s=14.3kJ/kg；exc,l=146.0kJ/kg；Ex=126.9kJ/kg
3. sea water desalination
exp=131.1kJ/kg；exc,s=18.7kJ/kg；exc,l=147.2kJ/kg；Ex=297.0kJ/kg
EX=540.2kJ/kg.
Embodiment 5：
As shown in figure 14, using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation, it comprises the following steps：
S1, generated electricity by direct expansion method, secondary media law or combination method using LNG cold energy；
S2, utilize the LNG cold energy progress associated gas lime set recycling completed after generating electricity；
S3, using complete associated gas lime set recycling after LNG cold energy carry out warehouse refrigeration.
1. cold energy generation
exp=-210.0kJ/kg；exc,s=15.3kJ/kg；exc,l=191.1kJ/kg；Ex=-3.5kJ/kg
2. associated gas lime set recycles
exp=18.3kJ/kg；exc,s=34.5kJ/kg；exc,l=247.5kJ/kg；Ex=300.3kJ/kg
3. cold storage warehouse
exp=131.1kJ/kg；exc,s=15.7kJ/kg；exc,l=132.9kJ/kg；Ex=279.7kJ/kg
EX=576.5kJ/kg
Embodiment 6：
As shown in figure 15, using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation, it comprises the following steps：
S1, generated electricity by direct expansion method, secondary media law or combination method using LNG cold energy；
S2, utilize the LNG cold energy progress associated gas lime set recycling completed after generating electricity；
S3, using complete associated gas lime set recycling after LNG cold energy carry out sea water desalination.
1. cold energy generation
exp=-210.0kJ/kg；exc,s=15.3kJ/kg；exc,l=191.1kJ/kg；Ex=-3.5kJ/kg
2. associated gas lime set recycles
exp=17.9kJ/kg；exc,s=30.3kJ/kg；exc,l=231.0kJ/kg；Ex=279.2kJ/kg
3. sea water desalination
exp=131.1kJ/kg；exc,s=18.7kJ/kg；exc,l=147.2kJ/kg；Ex=297.0kJ/kg
EX=572.7kJ/kg.
Embodiment 5 is understood by above-mentioned result of calculationIt is more using doing, can be as the presently preferred embodiments.
Storage tank LNG is by -162 DEG C of initial state, 0.1MPa releasable 950kJ/kg cold energy when reaching with environmental balance state, with reference to upper Each scheme cold energy use efficiency can be obtained by stating six kinds of cascade utilization schemes.
Efficiency calculation formula is：
Embodiment is numbered η(%)
1 54.73%
2 57.24%
3 55.01%
4 56.86%
5 60.68%
6 60.28%

Claims (2)

1. using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods of cold energy generation, it is characterised in that：It comprises the following steps：
S1, generated electricity using LNG cold energy；
S2, carry out the recycling of associated gas lime set using the LNG cold energy completed after generating electricity or produce liquefaction CO2And dry ice or low temperature Pulverizing waste rubber；
S3, using completing the recycling of associated gas lime set or produce CO2And the LNG cold energy after dry ice or low-temperature grinding waste old Carry out warehouse refrigeration or sea water desalination.
2. the LNG cold energy stepped utilization methods according to claim 1 using cold energy generation, it is characterised in that：Described The method to be generated electricity using LNG cold energy is direct expansion method, secondary media law, combination method or multistage direct expansion method.
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Application publication date: 20180508