CN101787314A - Process for compact natural gas liquefying and floating production - Google Patents

Process for compact natural gas liquefying and floating production Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101787314A
CN101787314A CN 201010140435 CN201010140435A CN101787314A CN 101787314 A CN101787314 A CN 101787314A CN 201010140435 CN201010140435 CN 201010140435 CN 201010140435 A CN201010140435 A CN 201010140435A CN 101787314 A CN101787314 A CN 101787314A
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natural gas
liquefaction
nitrogen
circulation
propane
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CN101787314B (en
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李玉星
王武昌
朱建鲁
唐建峰
林日亿
刘永浩
王伟伟
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China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
CNOOC Research Institute Co Ltd
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China University of Petroleum East China
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Abstract

The invention provides a process for compact natural gas liquefying and floating production and belongs to the field of chemical and cryogenic techniques. In the process, a modular design is adopted, and a liquefaction process consists of propane precooling circulation, double nitrogen expansion cooling circulation, natural gas heavy hydrocarbon removal and liquefaction pipe, wherein propane circulation is used for precooling natural gas and providing a nitrogen coolant; the double nitrogen expansion cooling circulation is used for deeply cooling and liquefying the natural gas; and the heavy hydrocarbon separation is realized by the cold energy generated in liquefaction. The process is suitable for producing liquid natural gas offshore and can prevent the influences of the shaking of a ship on a liquefying process.

Description

Process for compact natural gas liquefying and floating production
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production technique of a kind of natural gas liquids (LNG), particularly, realize that by utilizing the cold in the liquefaction process heavy hydrocarbon separates and the modular design of liquefaction process, expand by the dinitrogen that adopts the propane precooling simultaneously and design and the process flow operation Parameter Optimization, improve efficient, processing power and the seaworthiness of technology, be applicable to ocean environment LNG production preferably.
Background technology
China's coastal waters natural gas source is abundant, and total geological resource amount is about 5.9 tcms.Yet the marine natural gas source of China disperses, and is distributed widely in basin, the mouth of the Zhujiang River, Yinggehai Basin ground, basin, the fine jade southeast, EAST CHINA SEA CONTINENTAL SHELF basin and basin, Bohai Sea Gulf, and wherein quite a few is gas field, deep-sea, marginal little gas field and low taste natural gas source.For these sources of the gas, if adopt modes such as traditional ocean stationary platform or submerged pipeline, exploitation then can can't be dropped into because of cost or technical limitation in most gas fields.Adopt natural gas liquids Floating Production storage handler (LNG-FPSO), can be according to the production status flexible configuration of marine natural-gas field, natural gas liquids aboard ship, be transported to the point of destination again, have and be convenient to migration, reusable, production efficiency advantages of higher, this is to promoting China's especially gas field, deep-sea, small-sized gas field development of marine site, and it is significant to make full use of hydrocarbon resources.
As one of core of LNG-FPSO, the design of liquefaction process will produce very big influence to capital construction cost, working cost, serviceability and the security of engineering.Simultaneously, because the particular surroundings of offshore operation has proposed following requirement to process program: (1) flow process is simple, facility compact, occupation of land less, satisfy marine installation needs; (2) liquefaction flow path is eager to excel to the Sweet natural gas adaptability in the different places of production, and it is high that thermo-efficiency is wanted; (3) safe and reliable, the motion of hull can not influence its performance significantly.(4) can quick shutdown when facing severe weather, can start shooting rapidly after moving to another production position; (5) production automation degree height, the device serviceability is strong.Before Sweet natural gas is liquefied, remove heavy hydrocarbon, otherwise heavy hydrocarbon may freeze and occluding device.By land in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant, heavy hydrocarbon generally is to adopt distillation method to remove in advance in pretreatment technology, and in order to reclaim liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (LPG), general deethanizing column and the liquefied gas tower of adopting realized, remaining a spot of heavy hydrocarbon is removed in the one or more separators in cold zone usually, but the flow process complexity of distillation tower, floor space are big and be difficult for installing, and marine suitability is relatively poor.Therefore, land existing natural gas liquefaction flow process generally can not be directly used among the LNG-FPSO, and the Floating Production of natural gas liquids is as a kind of new technology, and at present domestic and international rarely seen relevant report does not more have the real marine LNG production project of implementing.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming little, the inefficient defective of marine the suitability relatively poor and conventional nitrogen expansion process processing power of existing natural gas liquefaction technology, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of process for compact natural gas liquefying and floating production, by utilizing the cold in the liquefaction process to realize that heavy hydrocarbon separates, the modular design and the process flow operation Parameter Optimization of liquefaction process, can be applicable to well that the LNG of ocean environment produces.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: utilize two separators and a rectifying tower to realize that heavy hydrocarbon separates, tripping device is fully in liquefaction unit, can make full use of the cold in the liquefaction process, isolated heavy hydrocarbon advances tank stores, wait to transport to and carry out the lime set stabilizing treatment again after land, specifically be that Sweet natural gas by the seabed extraction at first enters pretreatment unit, remove silt wherein, water, sour gas, mercury, enter liquefaction unit behind the impurity such as benzene, liquefaction unit is circulated by the propane precooling, the nitrogen expansion refrigeration cycle, natural qi exhaustion heavy hydrocarbon, the liquefaction pipeline is formed.
In propane precooling circulation, the compressed machine of propane is pressurized to about 1.6MPa, takes away the part heat through watercooler propane is all liquefied, and reduces to-36 ℃ through the throttling valve temperature again, is used for precooling Sweet natural gas and nitrogen gas refrigerant.
In the circulation of nitrogen swell refrigeration, being chilled to-33 ℃ in advance by propane in the heat exchange ice chest after, high pressure nitrogen is divided into two strands, one directly enters decompressor and expands, another thigh enters and enters the decompressor expansion heat exchange ice chest further is chilled to-85 ℃ in advance by low-pressure nitrogen after, two strands of low-pressure nitrogens after the expansion backflow and cool off high pressure nitrogen refrigeration agent and Sweet natural gas respectively, be compressed to 8MPa through decompressor supercharging blower and nitrogen compressor successively then, all cool off after every grade of compression by water cooler, after mixing, two strands of high pressure nitrogens after the compression enter the heat exchange ice chest, the circulation of beginning next round by the propane precooling.
In natural qi exhaustion heavy hydrocarbon and liquefaction pipeline, pretreated Sweet natural gas enters the heavy hydrocarbon separating unit be pre-chilled to-30 ℃ by propane in the heat exchange ice chest after.In the heavy hydrocarbon separating unit, Sweet natural gas enters primary separator and carries out gas-liquid separation, separate back liquid and directly enter the rectifying tower middle part, gas enters and enters separator the heat exchange ice chest further is cooled to-65 ℃ by low-pressure nitrogen after and carry out gas-liquid separation, separate back liquid and directly enter the rectifying tower top, gas enters the heat exchange ice chest and further is cooled to-151 ℃ by low-pressure nitrogen and makes it all liquefaction and cold excessively, be cooled to-160 ℃ through the throttling valve throttling again, wherein about 7% liquid gasification, gas-liquid mixture enters the LNG surge tank and carries out gas-liquid separation, separate back liquid and enter the LNG storage tank stores, gas can be used as the low-temperature receiver that the Sweet natural gas method of cooling is dewatered after the buffering abhiseca is discharged, can be used as the resurgent gases on absorption tower in the pretreatment system after the re-heat, enter the use that acts as a fuel or generate electricity of fuel gas pipe network at last.The rectifier bottoms product is depressurized to 1.0MPa through throttling valve, ℃ enters the LPG surge tank through water cooler heat exchange to 35 then and carries out gas-liquid separation, separates back gas and can be used as fuel and use, and liquid enters the LPG storage tank stores, and this LPG product contains more C 5Above component, needing further to handle through land based installation could be as qualified product.
According to the characteristics of this flow process, liquefaction process is divided into four modules such as heat exchange ice chest module, heavy hydrocarbon separation module, hydrodynamic force module and product stock and designs.
This flow process is on the basis of existing nitrogen swell refrigeration circulation technology, adopt the dinitrogen of propane precooling expand design and utilize according to energy expenditure minimum for target to nitrogen high-pressure, nitrogen low pressure, nitrogen expansion in the flow process before before the temperature, Sweet natural gas throttling parameter such as temperature carried out essential, the processing power and the efficient of nitrogen expansion process have been improved, the processing power of this technology can reach 3,000,000 tons/year, liquefied fraction 93% is 0.42kWh/Nm than power consumption 3, be much better than common nitrogen expansion liquefaction process.
Be assurance device safe and reliable operation under the condition of rocking, type selecting and installation to equipment have proposed following requirement: the pressure ratio of required nitrogen compressor is bigger in the flow process, radial compressor is selected in recommendation for use, and compact construction, light weight, floor space little, operate steadily, be applicable to ocean environment; The nitrogen circulation amount is bigger in the flow process, and decompressor is recommended to select turbo-expander for use, and size is little, working stability, and is better to the adaptability of marine operating mode; Plate-fin heat exchanger compact construction, stable performance are a kind of interchanger that present liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant is generally used.Separator should be installed on the axis of hull, rocks influence to separating effect to reduce hull.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt the dinitrogen expansion design of propane precooling, the heavy hydrocarbon separating unit has utilized the cold in the liquefaction process to realize that heavy hydrocarbon separates, the modular design and the process flow operation Parameter Optimization of liquefaction process fully, has reduced the load of pretreatment unit.Wherein, water cooler can utilize seawater to carry out refrigeration cycle.The modular design of liquefaction process can make facility compact, is convenient to install.Major cycle is nitrogen cycle in the liquefaction unit, and nitrogen can be produced by nitrogen gas generator, do not need to store, and the safe distance between each system can suitably shorten, and floor space is reduced; And nitrogen is in gas phase all the time in the circulation, is subjected to the influence of ship motion hardly, and nitrogen expansion cycles flow process is safer with the flow process of using the flammable coolant technology; Because the flow process valve member is few, equipment is few, and be the unitary system cryogen, reduced the start time of a lot of utility appliance, do not need operations such as refrigeration agent proportioning, control is simple and drive, stop rapid.Propane precooling circulation can effectively utilize the propane latent heat of vaporization, reduces the energy consumption of flow process.Solve little, the inefficient defective of marine the suitability relatively poor and conventional nitrogen expansion process processing power of existing liquefaction technology preferably.This flow process is insensitive to conditions such as the composition of Sweet natural gas, temperature, pressure, all meets the requirements than technical indicators such as power consumption, liquefied fractions.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a liquefaction process schema of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the heat exchange ice chest module diagram of liquefaction process.
Fig. 3 is the heavy hydrocarbon separation module synoptic diagram of liquefaction process.
Fig. 4 is the hydrodynamic force module synoptic diagram of liquefaction process.
Fig. 5 is the product stock module diagram of liquefaction process.
Among the figure, the 1-first heat exchange ice chest, the 2-second heat exchange ice chest, 3-the 3rd heat exchange ice chest, 4-the 4th heat exchange ice chest, the 5-LNG throttling valve, 6-LNG surge tank, 7-LNG storage tank, 8-propane one stage compressor, 9-first water cooler, 10-propane two stage compressor, 11-second water cooler, 12-propane throttling valve, 13-high temperature nitrogen circulation decompressor supercharging blower, 14-cryogenic nitrogen circulation decompressor supercharging blower, 15-the 3rd water cooler, 16-the 4th water cooler, the 17-high temperature nitrogen stage compressor that circulates, the 18-cryogenic nitrogen stage compressor that circulates, 19-the 5th water cooler, 20-the 6th water cooler, 21-high temperature nitrogen circulation compound expansion machine, 22-cryogenic nitrogen circulation compound expansion machine, 23-the 7th water cooler, 24-the 8th water cooler, 25-nitrogen mixing tank, 26-nitrogen splitter, 27-high temperature nitrogen circulation decompressor, 28-cryogenic nitrogen circulation decompressor, 29-first separator, 30-second separator, 31-rectifying tower, the 32-mixer for natural gas in use, 33-heavy hydrocarbon throttling valve, 34-the 9th water cooler, 35-LPG surge tank, the 36-LPG storage tank, 51~59-natural gas stream, the logistics of 60~61-propane, 62~70-nitrogen stream.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, suppose that pretreated gas pressure is 5.0MPa, temperature is 34.5 ℃, and liquefaction flow path is made up of propane precooling circulation, dinitrogen inflatable refrigeration cycle, natural qi exhaustion heavy hydrocarbon, liquefaction pipeline.
In propane precooling circulation, propane is compressed to 1.6MPa by propane compressor 8,10, all pass through water cooler 9,11 after every grade of compression and be cooled to 35 ℃, propane all liquefies, be depressurized to 0.13MPa through propane throttling valve 12 again, temperature is reduced to-36 ℃, and this moment, propane was gas-liquid two-phase, entered heat exchange ice chest 1 precooling Sweet natural gas and nitrogen gas refrigerant.
In the circulation of nitrogen swell refrigeration, high pressure nitrogen is divided into two strands by nitrogen splitter 26 after heat exchange ice chest 1 is chilled to-33 ℃ in advance, one is directly through 27 expansions of nitrogen expansion machine and to decompressor supercharging blower 13 output shaft works, pressure is reduced to 1.1MPa, temperature is reduced to-122.0 ℃, enter heat exchange ice chest 3,2,1 then successively, be used for cooled natural gas and another strand nitrogen, be compressed to 8.0MPa through decompressor supercharging blower 13 and nitrogen compressor 17,21 successively after the re-heat, all pass through water cooler 15,19,23 after every grade of compression and be cooled to 35 ℃; Another strand nitrogen enters heat exchange ice chest 2 and is chilled to-65 ℃ in advance, enter heat exchange ice chest 3 and be cooled to-85 ℃, again through 28 expansions of nitrogen expansion machine and to decompressor supercharging blower 14 output shaft works, pressure is reduced to 1.4MPa, temperature is reduced to-156 ℃, return heat exchange ice chest 4,3,2,1 temperature successively and rise to 30 ℃, be compressed to 8.0MPa through decompressor supercharging blower 14, nitrogen compressor 18,22 successively then, all pass through water cooler 16,20,24 after every grade of compression and be cooled to 35 ℃, two strands of highly compressed nitrogen enter 1 precooling of heat exchange ice chest after gas mixture 25 mixes.
At natural qi exhaustion heavy hydrocarbon, in the liquefaction pipeline, pretreated natural gas via heat exchange ice chest 1 is pre-chilled to-30 ℃, enter separator 29 then and carry out flash trapping stage, isolated liquid phase is as the middle part charging of rectifying tower 31, isolated gas phase enters heat exchange ice chest 2 and is cooled to-65 ℃, enter separator 30 then and carry out the secondary separation, isolated liquid phase is as its top feed of rectifying tower 31, rectifying tower 31 bottoms are depressurized to 1.0MPa through throttling valve 33, ℃ enter LPG surge tank 35 through water cooler 34 heat exchange to 35 then, isolated gas can be used as fuel and uses, and isolated liquid phase enters LPG storage tank 36, and this LPG product contains more C 5Above component, needing further to handle through land based installation could be as qualified product; Separator 30 isolated gas phases and the top products of rectifying tower 31 enter heat exchange ice chest 3,4 successively and are cooled to-151 ℃ and make it all liquefaction and cold excessively after mixing tank 32 mixes, be cooled to-160 ℃ through throttling valve 5 throttlings again, wherein about 7% liquid gasification, gas-liquid mixture enters LNG surge tank 6, isolated liquid phase enters LNG storage tank 7 and stores, isolated gas phase can be used as the low-temperature receiver that the Sweet natural gas method of cooling is dewatered after abhiseca is discharged, can be used as the resurgent gases on absorption tower in the pretreatment system after the re-heat, enter the use that acts as a fuel or generate electricity of fuel gas pipe network at last.
Fig. 2 is the heat exchange ice chest module diagram of liquefaction process, wherein 51~52,53~54,55~56 be respectively Sweet natural gas as the liquefaction process of thermal source in the heat exchange ice chest, 60~61 is as the process of low-temperature receiver precooling Sweet natural gas and nitrogen gas refrigerant in the heat exchange ice chest after the propane refrigerant throttling, 62~64 for the nitrogen gas refrigerant after the compression as thermal source in the heat exchange ice chest by the process of precooling, 65~66 and 68~69 are the process of the nitrogen gas refrigerant after expanding as low-temperature receiver cooled natural gas and high pressure nitrogen refrigeration agent.This module is made up of four heat exchange ice chests (being encapsulated in an attemperator the inside), two throttling valve and a splitter.
Fig. 3 is the heavy hydrocarbon separation module synoptic diagram of liquefaction process, the 52nd, from the Sweet natural gas of heat exchange ice chest module after 1 precooling of heat exchange ice chest, the 54th, from heat exchange ice chest module through heat exchange ice chest 2 cooled Sweet natural gases, 53 remove the heat exchange ice chest 2 of heat exchange ice chest module, 55 go the heat exchange ice chest 3,58 of heat exchange ice chest module to remove the water cooler 34 of product stock module.This module is made up of two separators, a mixing tank and a rectifying tower.
Fig. 4 is the hydrodynamic force module synoptic diagram of liquefaction process, and wherein 63~68,64~65 is the nitrogen expansion process, and 69~70,66~67 is the nitrogen pressure compression process, and 61~60 is the propane compression process.This module is made up of two decompressors, three compressors, two decompressor supercharging blowers and eight water coolers.
Fig. 5 is the product stock module diagram of liquefaction process, and 56 is the LNG flash steam from the throttling valve 5,58 of heat exchange ice chest module from the throttling valve 33,57 of heavy hydrocarbon separation module, and 59 is the LPG flash steam.This module is made up of two storage tanks, two separators and a water cooler.

Claims (4)

1. process for compact natural gas liquefying and floating production, it is characterized in that by heat exchange ice chest module, the heavy hydrocarbon separation module, four modules of hydrodynamic force module and product stock design, Sweet natural gas by the seabed extraction at first enters pretreatment unit, remove silt wherein, water, sour gas, mercury, enter liquefaction unit behind the impurity such as benzene, liquefaction flow path propane precooling circulation, the circulation of dinitrogen gas swell refrigeration, natural qi exhaustion heavy hydrocarbon, the liquefaction pipeline is formed, it is applicable to the natural gas liquefaction production under the marine floating condition, have and prevent that hull from rocking the performance to the liquefaction process influence, compact construction, it is convenient to start.
2. process for compact natural gas liquefying and floating production according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the refrigeration agent that the precooling circulation is adopted is a propane.
3. process for compact natural gas liquefying and floating production according to claim 1 is characterized in that, what major cycle was adopted is dinitrogen expansion flow process.
4. process for compact natural gas liquefying and floating production according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the used water coolant of water cooler is a seawater.
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Cited By (9)

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CN101948706A (en) * 2010-08-18 2011-01-19 中国海洋石油总公司 Mixed refrigerant and nitrogen expansion combinational refrigeration type natural gas liquefying method
CN102093921A (en) * 2011-01-20 2011-06-15 中国海洋石油总公司 Offshore natural gas liquefying method and device
CN103865601A (en) * 2014-03-13 2014-06-18 中国石油大学(华东) Heavy hydrocarbon recovery method of propane precooling and deethanizer top reflux
CN104061758A (en) * 2014-07-01 2014-09-24 天津市振津工程设计咨询有限公司 Device and method for removing heavy hydrocarbon in natural gas through step-by-step condensation
CN104087357A (en) * 2014-07-16 2014-10-08 北京安珂罗工程技术有限公司 Method and system for removing heavy hydrocarbons in natural gas liquefaction process
CN104833175A (en) * 2015-04-15 2015-08-12 中国海洋石油总公司 FLNG/FLPG oil gas pretreatment and liquefaction method
CN105121271A (en) * 2013-04-12 2015-12-02 埃克赛勒瑞特液化解决方案公司 Systems and methods for floating dockside liquefaction of natural gas
CN108106325A (en) * 2018-01-08 2018-06-01 中国寰球工程有限公司 Suitable for marine natural gas liquefaction system
CN109781449A (en) * 2019-03-05 2019-05-21 合肥万豪能源设备有限责任公司 A kind of natural gas liquefaction device list sled block and whole test device

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CN1743418A (en) * 2005-09-23 2006-03-08 河南中原绿能高科有限责任公司 Method for removing heavy hydrocarbon in natural gas by adsorption of heavy hydrocarbon
CN101338964A (en) * 2008-08-14 2009-01-07 苏州制氧机有限责任公司 Natural gas liquefaction device and liquefaction flow path

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CN1743418A (en) * 2005-09-23 2006-03-08 河南中原绿能高科有限责任公司 Method for removing heavy hydrocarbon in natural gas by adsorption of heavy hydrocarbon
CN101338964A (en) * 2008-08-14 2009-01-07 苏州制氧机有限责任公司 Natural gas liquefaction device and liquefaction flow path

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101948706B (en) * 2010-08-18 2013-02-27 中国海洋石油总公司 Mixed refrigerant and nitrogen expansion combinational refrigeration type natural gas liquefying method
CN101948706A (en) * 2010-08-18 2011-01-19 中国海洋石油总公司 Mixed refrigerant and nitrogen expansion combinational refrigeration type natural gas liquefying method
CN102093921A (en) * 2011-01-20 2011-06-15 中国海洋石油总公司 Offshore natural gas liquefying method and device
CN105121271A (en) * 2013-04-12 2015-12-02 埃克赛勒瑞特液化解决方案公司 Systems and methods for floating dockside liquefaction of natural gas
CN105121271B (en) * 2013-04-12 2018-08-10 埃克赛勒瑞特液化解决方案公司 The liquefied system and method for relocatable code rostral for natural gas
US9903647B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2018-02-27 Excelerate Liquefaction Solutions, Llc Systems and methods for floating dockside liquefaction of natural gas
CN103865601A (en) * 2014-03-13 2014-06-18 中国石油大学(华东) Heavy hydrocarbon recovery method of propane precooling and deethanizer top reflux
CN103865601B (en) * 2014-03-13 2015-07-08 中国石油大学(华东) Heavy hydrocarbon recovery method of propane precooling and deethanizer top reflux
CN104061758A (en) * 2014-07-01 2014-09-24 天津市振津工程设计咨询有限公司 Device and method for removing heavy hydrocarbon in natural gas through step-by-step condensation
CN104087357A (en) * 2014-07-16 2014-10-08 北京安珂罗工程技术有限公司 Method and system for removing heavy hydrocarbons in natural gas liquefaction process
CN104087357B (en) * 2014-07-16 2018-02-27 北京安珂罗工程技术有限公司 A kind of method and system that heavy hydrocarbon is removed from gas deliquescence process
CN104833175A (en) * 2015-04-15 2015-08-12 中国海洋石油总公司 FLNG/FLPG oil gas pretreatment and liquefaction method
CN108106325A (en) * 2018-01-08 2018-06-01 中国寰球工程有限公司 Suitable for marine natural gas liquefaction system
CN108106325B (en) * 2018-01-08 2024-01-19 中国寰球工程有限公司 Natural gas liquefaction system suitable for sea
CN109781449A (en) * 2019-03-05 2019-05-21 合肥万豪能源设备有限责任公司 A kind of natural gas liquefaction device list sled block and whole test device

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