CN108002966B - 一种合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的方法 - Google Patents
一种合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 2, 6-di (diphenylmethyl) -4-methoxyphenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N deuterated chloroform Substances [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 16
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FGYADSCZTQOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C=NC2=C1 FGYADSCZTQOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- ADLVDYMTBOSDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-6-nitroisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC2=C1C(=O)NC2=O ADLVDYMTBOSDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);dibromide Chemical compound [Ni+2].[Br-].[Br-] IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005311 nuclear magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种合成1,2‑二芳基乙烷类化合物的方法,即以分子式为Ni[P(OEt)3][(RNCHCHNR)C]Br2(其中R为2,6‑二(二苯基甲基)‑4‑甲氧基苯基)的二价镍(II)配合物为催化剂、在金属镁存在下、通过苯并杂芳烃与苯乙烯类化合物的交叉偶联反应合成1,2‑二芳基乙烷类化合物。本发明提供的方法首次以空气稳定的二价镍(II)配合物为催化剂,避免了直接使用敏感且具危险性的金属有机化合物和零价镍(0)配合物,在温和的反应条件下通过金属镁的作用原位形成零价镍(0)活性中心、从而实现了苯并杂芳烃与苯乙烯类化合物的交叉偶联反应,为1,2‑二芳基乙烷类化合物的合成提供了一个新方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成反应,具体涉及一种合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的方法。
背景技术
1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物作为重要的结构单元,广泛存在于药物分子和生物活性分子中(参见:Giorgioni, G.; Accorroni, B.; Di Stefano, G.; Marucci, A.;Siniscalchi, A.; Claudi, F.; Med Chem Res2005, 14, 57)。近年来,通过过渡金属催化的苯并杂芳烃和苯乙烯类化合物的交叉偶联反应开始受到人们的关注,成为了合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的一个新方法;但是现有方法存在着明显的局限性,比如用到了贵金属铱催化剂,或者用到对氧气和水分十分敏感而且价格也高的零价镍(0)催化剂Ni(COD)2,后一催化剂还需同时用到非常敏感且具有危险性的三甲基铝,其暴露在空气是极易燃烧的,遇水会发生爆炸;另外,现有方法底物的适用性很窄,这些都不利于大规模工业应用。因此,以空气稳定的二价镍(II)配合物来代替敏感的Ni(COD)2、避免使用具有危险性的三烷基铝化合物,开发1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的原子经济性合成新方法是极有价值的,同时该方法还需要对多种苯并杂芳烃也具有适用性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的方法,即首次以空气稳定的二价镍(II)配合物Ni[P(OEt)3][(RNCHCHNR)C]Br2为催化剂,其中R为2,6-二(二苯基甲基)-4-甲氧基苯基,在金属镁的存在下,通过苯并杂芳烃和苯乙烯类化合物的交叉偶联反应来合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物,其可操作性和底物适用性都要明显优于现有技术。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的方法,包括以下步骤,在惰性气体气氛中,向反应器中依次加入催化剂、金属镁、苯并杂芳烃、苯乙烯类化合物、溶剂,反应得到1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物;所述催化剂的化学结构式如下:
R具有以下结构式:
上述技术方案中,反应结束后,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,通过柱层析分离提纯,得到产物收率,可进行定量分析。
上述技术方案中,所述反应的温度为60~90℃,时间为36~72小时。
上述技术方案中,所述惰性气体为氩气;所述溶剂为四氢呋喃。
上述技术方案中,所述苯并杂芳烃包括苯并噻唑、N-甲基苯并咪唑、苯并噁唑。
上述技术方案中,所述苯乙烯类化合物的化学结构式如下:
R1为氢、叔丁基、甲氧基等。
上述技术方案中,催化剂、金属镁、苯并杂芳烃、苯乙烯类化合物的摩尔比为0.08~0.15:1:1:1.5。
优选的技术方案中,以物质的量计,苯乙烯类化合物的用量是苯并杂芳烃的1.5倍,金属镁的用量是苯并杂芳烃的1倍,催化剂的用量是苯并杂芳烃的10 %;反应的温度是80℃,反应的时间为60小时。
本发明还公开了二价镍(II)配合物在制备1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物中的应用;所述二价镍(II)配合物的化学结构式如下:
R具有以下结构式:
上述应用方案中,制备1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物时,以苯并杂芳烃、苯乙烯类化合物为原料,二价镍(II)配合物、苯并杂芳烃、苯乙烯类化合物的摩尔比为0.08~0.15:1:1.5。
本发明还公开了二价镍(II)配合物在催化苯并杂芳烃、苯乙烯类化合物反应中的应用;所述二价镍(II)配合物的化学结构式如下:
R具有以下结构式:
一种二价镍(II)配合物,其化学结构式如下:
R具有以下结构式:
所述二价镍(II)配合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤,氮杂环卡宾加入到二(亚磷酸三乙酯)二溴化镍(II)的四氢呋喃溶液中,反应后真空除去溶剂,以正己烷洗涤剩余物,所得剩余物以四氢呋喃萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂四氢呋喃,得红色固体,为二价镍(II)配合物;所述氮杂环卡宾为(RNCHCHNR)C。
本发明的技术方案可表示如下:
本发明在反应过程中,首先金属镁与二价镍(II)配合物作用原位形成零价镍(0)配合物,这一配合物可以催化苯并杂芳烃与苯乙烯类化合物的交叉偶联来生成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物。
由于上述技术方案的运用,本发明具有下列优点:
1.本发明所采用的二价镍(II)配合物催化剂具有合成简单、价格相对较低、在空气中稳定的特点,有利于大规模合成使用;并且也避免了外加配体的使用,催化剂结构单一明确。
2.本发明首次采用镍(II)配合物作为单组分催化剂,在金属镁的存在下,通过苯并杂芳烃和苯乙烯类化合物反应制得了1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物,避免了直接使用敏感且具危险性的三烷基铝等金属有机化合物,简化反应条件,保证反应安全,有利于工业化生产。
3.本发明公开的制备方法对多种反应底物具有普适性,对苯并噻唑、N-甲基苯并咪唑和苯并噁唑等苯并杂芳烃参与的交叉偶联反应均具有较好的催化活性,克服了现有技术缺陷,取得了意想不到的技术效果,有利于1,2-二芳基甲烷类化合物的工业化应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例一 Ni[P(OEt)3][(RNCHCHNR)C]Br2的合成
氮杂环卡宾(RNCHCHNR)C(0.9470 g,1.0毫摩尔)加入到二(亚磷酸三乙酯)二溴化镍(II)(0.5500克,1.0毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃溶液中,60℃下反应过夜,真空除去溶剂,以正己烷洗涤剩余物,所得剩余物以四氢呋喃萃取,转移清液并除去溶剂四氢呋喃,得红色固体为二价镍(II)配合物,产率为60 %。
对产物进行元素分析,结果如表1所示:
表1 元素分析结果
C:(%) | H:(%) | N:(%) | |
理论值 | 67.69 | 5.45 | 2.10 |
实际值 | 67.87 | 5.61 | 2.06 |
对产物进行核磁表征,结果如下所示:
将产物溶于CDCl3中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.06 – 6.41 (m, 54H), 6.39 – 5.92 (m, 4H), 4.48(s, 2H), 4.09 (s, 6H), 3.55 (s, 6H), 1.21 (s, 9H)。
产物二价镍(II)配合物的化学结构式如下:
R具有以下结构式:
实施例二 二价镍(II)配合物为催化剂,催化苯并杂芳烃与苯乙烯类化合物的交叉偶联反应
氩气保护下,在反应瓶中依次加入催化剂(66毫克,0.05毫摩尔,10 mol%)、镁屑(12.0毫克,0.5毫摩尔)、苯并噻唑(54微升,0.5毫摩尔)、苯乙烯(86微升,0.75毫摩尔)、四氢呋喃(1.5毫升)作溶剂,于80 ℃下反应60小时,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析提纯(以乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为1∶20的混合溶剂为展开剂),产率为90%。
将产物溶于CDCl3中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.99 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 7.9 Hz,1H), 7.51 – 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.39 – 7.15 (m, 6H), 4.27 – 3.30 (m, 2H), 3.25 –3.17 (m, 2H)。
实施例三 二价镍(II)配合物为催化剂,催化苯并杂芳烃与苯乙烯类化合物的交叉偶联反应
氩气保护下,在反应瓶中依次加入催化剂(66毫克,0.05毫摩尔,10 mol%)、镁屑(12.0毫克,0.5毫摩尔)、苯并噁唑(51微升,0.5毫摩尔)、苯乙烯(86微升,0.75毫摩尔)、四氢呋喃(1.5毫升)作溶剂,于90 ℃下反应36小时,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析提纯(以乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为1∶20的混合溶剂为展开剂),产率为89 %。
将产物溶于CDCl3中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.63−7.55 (m, 1H), 7.43−7.34 (m, 1H), 7.26−7.09 (m, 7H), 3.14 (s, 4H)。
实施例四 二价镍(II)配合物为催化剂,催化苯并杂芳烃与苯乙烯类化合物的交叉偶联反应
氩气保护下,在反应瓶中依次加入催化剂(53毫克,0.04毫摩尔,8 mol%)、镁屑(12.0毫克,0.5毫摩尔)、苯并噻唑(54微升,0.5毫摩尔)、对甲氧基苯乙烯(101微升,0.75毫摩尔)、四氢呋喃(1.5毫升)作溶剂,于70 ℃下反应72小时,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析提纯(以乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为1∶20的混合溶剂为展开剂),产率为86%。
将产物溶于CDCl3中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.98 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.4 Hz,1H), 7.46-6.84 (m, 6H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.15 (m, 2H)。
实施例五 二价镍(II)配合物为催化剂,催化苯并杂芳烃与苯乙烯类化合物的交叉偶联反应
氩气保护下,在反应瓶中依次加入催化剂(99毫克,0.075毫摩尔,15 mol%)、镁屑(12.0毫克,0.5毫摩尔)、苯并噻唑(54微升,0.5毫摩尔)、对叔丁基基苯乙烯(137微升,0.75毫摩尔)、四氢呋喃(1.5毫升)作溶剂,于60 ℃下反应72小时,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析提纯(以乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为1∶20的混合溶剂为展开剂),产率为93 %。
将产物溶于CDCl3中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.99 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 7.9Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.15 (m, 6H), 4.27 – 3.30 (m, 2H), 3.25 – 3.17 (m, 2H),1.19 (s,9H)。
实施例六 二价镍(II)配合物为催化剂,催化苯并杂芳烃与苯乙烯类化合物的交叉偶联反应
氩气保护下,在反应瓶中依次加入催化剂(66毫克,0.05毫摩尔,10 mol%)、镁屑(12.0毫克,0.5毫摩尔)、N-甲基苯并咪唑(66毫克,0.5毫摩尔)、苯乙烯(86微升,0.75毫摩尔)、四氢呋喃(1.5毫升)作溶剂,于80 ℃下反应60小时,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析提纯(以乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为1∶20的混合溶剂为展开剂),产率为87%。
将产物溶于CDCl3中(约0.4 mL),封管,室温下于Unity Inova-400型NMR仪上测定表征:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):δ 7.80-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.22 (m, 8H), 3.50 (s,3H), 3.27-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.14 (m, 2H)。
Claims (5)
2.根据权利要求1所述合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,反应结束后,用水终止反应,反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,通过柱层析分离提纯,得到产物。
3.根据权利要求1所述合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述反应的温度为60~90℃,时间为36~72小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述惰性气体为氩气;所述溶剂为四氢呋喃;所述苯乙烯类化合物为苯乙烯、对甲氧基苯乙烯或者对叔丁基苯乙烯。
5.根据权利要求1所述合成1,2-二芳基乙烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,催化剂、金属镁、苯并杂芳烃、苯乙烯类化合物的摩尔比为0.08~0.15∶1∶1∶1.5。
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