CN108002844B - 一种宽温域自润滑赛隆基复合材料 - Google Patents

一种宽温域自润滑赛隆基复合材料 Download PDF

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CN108002844B
CN108002844B CN201711175488.1A CN201711175488A CN108002844B CN 108002844 B CN108002844 B CN 108002844B CN 201711175488 A CN201711175488 A CN 201711175488A CN 108002844 B CN108002844 B CN 108002844B
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乔竹辉
孙奇春
杨军
尹兵
程军
朱圣宇
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Yantai Zhongke advanced materials and green chemical industry technology Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种宽温域自润滑赛隆基复合材料，称取60～80wt%的赛隆和20～40wt%的铜包石墨，然后将其置于球磨机中混合，得到粒径为1～20μm的混合粉末；随后将混合粉末装入石墨模具中，置于放电等离子烧结炉中烧结；烧结参数为：真空度为10‑2～10‑1Pa，升温速度为100～150ºC/min，烧结温度为1350～1500ºC，压力为30～40MPa，保温时间5～10min；烧结结束后，随炉冷却至室温得到赛隆基复合材料。本发明所述赛隆基复合材料可实现在室温～600ºC范围内呈现出优异的自润滑性能和抗磨损性能，特别适用于在宽温域服役工况下仍要求保持低摩擦磨损的特殊工件。

Description

一种宽温域自润滑赛隆基复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种宽温域自润滑赛隆基复合材料，该材料在室温～600ºC下具有良好的自润滑性能和良好的抗磨损性能。
背景技术
赛隆陶瓷复合材料以其优异的机械性能、高温性能及化学稳定性，在航空航天、发动机部件、刀具、冶金、化工机械、医学等方面均具有十分诱人的应用前景。但作为摩擦学材料也有其缺点，突出的问题是在干摩擦下特别是在高温下的摩擦系数和磨损率都比较高，这在很大程度上限制了其在宽温域摩擦领域的应用。因此，改善赛隆陶瓷复合材料在宽温域的摩擦学性能的研究日益受到人们的重视，已经成为当前材料科学和摩擦学领域的前沿课题之一。
从摩擦学的基本理论分析，要降低陶瓷材料的摩擦和磨损，就要在其表面提供或生成一层剪切强度较低的膜。这种膜不仅有利于降低陶瓷的摩擦系数，而且还可以阻止表面微凸体与对偶件表面的直接接触，增大承载面积，使垂直于滑行方向的压力和接触点处的正交切应力降低，从而抑制接触区域裂纹的萌生，达到降低陶瓷材料磨损率的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在室温至600ºC范围内具有良好的自润滑性能和抗磨损性能的赛隆基复合材料。
本发明通过添加铜包石墨，利用固态润滑组元易拖敷、摩擦系数低以及在高温下易发生摩擦化学反应的特点，在摩擦表面形成连续的固体润滑层，从而赋予赛隆陶瓷复合材料在宽温域以润滑特性和抗磨损性能。
一种宽温域自润滑赛隆基复合材料，其特征在于称取60～80wt%的赛隆和20～40wt%的铜包石墨，然后将其置于球磨机中混合，得到粒径为1～20μm的混合粉末；随后将混合粉末装入石墨模具中，置于放电等离子烧结炉中烧结；烧结参数为：真空度为10-2～10- 1Pa，升温速度为100～150ºC/min，烧结温度为1350～1500ºC，压力为30～40MPa，保温时间5～10min；烧结结束后，随炉冷却至室温得到赛隆基复合材料。
所述赛隆的组成为Si4Al2O2N6。
采用阿基米德原理测量材料的密度。摩擦磨损实验采用HT-1000高温摩擦磨损试验机进行评价，对偶球为Si3N4陶瓷，载荷为5N，滑动线速度为0.10m/s，摩擦半径为4mm，行程为200m，测试温度为25ºC、200ºC、400ºC、600ºC和800ºC。密度、摩擦系数和磨损率为3次试验平均值。
本发明所述宽温域自润滑赛隆基复合材料具有以下优点：
1、赛隆基复合材料由原位生成的结合良好的铜硅合金、石墨和赛隆相组成。这种材料的制备是基于石墨在较低温度下可以提供润滑作用，而铜硅合金在高温下可发生摩擦化学反应生成具有润滑作用的CuO润滑膜，从而改善摩擦界面的接触状态，满足在一定温度范围内连续润滑。
2、赛隆基复合材料中原位生成的结合良好的铜硅合金可以改善复合材料与石墨的结合能力，进而提高材料的机械性能。
本发明所制备的赛隆基复合材料具有优异摩擦学性能（低摩擦磨损），在室温～600ºC的温度范围内呈现出优异的自润滑性能，特别适用于在宽温域服役工况下(25～600ºC)仍要求保持低摩擦磨损的特殊工件。
附图说明
图1 本发明所述赛隆基复合材料的显微照片。
图2 本发明所述赛隆基复合材料与氮化硅球配副在600ºC下的摩擦系数曲线。
具体实施方式
下面将本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅为本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
按照质量百分比，分别称取80wt%的赛隆和20wt%的铜包石墨，其中赛隆粉末的组成为Si4Al2O2N6；然后将粉末置于球磨机中或者，得到粒径为1～20μm的混合粉末。随后将混合粉末装入石墨模具中，置于等离子体烧结炉中烧结。烧结参数为：真空度低于5×10-1Pa，升温速率100ºC/min，烧结温度1450ºC，压力35MPa，保温时间10min。烧结结束后，随炉冷却至室温得到赛隆基复合材料。摩擦磨损实验采用HT-1000高温摩擦磨损试验机进行评价，对偶球为Si3N4陶瓷，载荷为5N，滑动线速度为0.10m/s，摩擦半径为4mm，行程为200m，测试温度为25ºC、200ºC、400ºC、600ºC和800ºC。图1为该赛隆基复合材料的形貌。
表1：实施例1的赛隆基复合材料与Si3N4陶瓷球配副的磨损率
Figure 273617DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
实施例2：
按照质量百分比，分别称取70wt%的赛隆和30wt%的铜包石墨，其中赛隆粉末的组成为Si4Al2O2N6；然后将粉末置于球磨机中混合，得到粒径为1～20μm的混合粉末。随后将混合粉末装入石墨模具中混合，置于放电等离子烧结炉中烧结。烧结参数为：真空度低于5×10-1Pa，升温速率100ºC/min，烧结温度1450ºC，压力35MPa，保温时间10min。烧结结束后，随炉冷却至室温得到赛隆基复合材料。摩擦磨损实验采用HT-1000高温摩擦磨损试验机进行评价，对偶球为Si3N4陶瓷，载荷为5N，滑动线速度为0.10m/s，摩擦半径为4mm，行程为200m，测试温度为25ºC、200ºC、400ºC、600ºC和800ºC。图2为赛隆基复合材料与氮化硅球配副在600ºC下的摩擦系数曲线。
表2：实施例2的赛隆基复合材料与Si3N4陶瓷球配副的摩擦系数和磨损率
Figure 25672DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
实施例3：
按照质量百分比，分别称取60wt%的赛隆和40wt%的铜包石墨，其中赛隆粉末的组成为Si4Al2O2N6；然后将粉末置于球磨机中混合，得到粒径为1～20μm的混合粉末。随后将混合粉末装入石墨模具中，置于放电等离子烧结炉中烧结。烧结参数为：真空度低于5×10- 1Pa，升温速率100ºC/min，烧结温度1450ºC，压力35MPa，保温时间10min。烧结结束后，随炉冷却至室温得到赛隆基复合材料。摩擦磨损实验采用HT-1000高温摩擦磨损试验机进行评价，对偶球为Si3N4陶瓷，载荷为5N，滑动线速度为0.10m/s，摩擦半径为4mm，行程为200m，测试温度为25ºC、200ºC、400ºC、600ºC和800ºC。
表3：实施例3的赛隆基复合材料与Si3N4陶瓷球配副的摩擦系数和磨损率
Figure 785818DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
。

Claims (1)

1.一种宽温域自润滑赛隆基复合材料，其特征在于称取60~80wt%的赛隆和20~40wt%的铜包石墨，然后将其置于球磨机中混合，得到粒径为1~20μm的混合粉末；随后将混合粉末装入石墨模具中，置于放电等离子烧结炉中烧结；烧结参数为：真空度为10-2~10-1Pa，升温速度为100~150℃/min，烧结温度为1350~1500℃，压力为30~40MPa，保温时间5~10min；烧结结束后，随炉冷却至室温得到赛隆基复合材料；所述赛隆的组成为Si4Al2O2 N6 。
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