CN107994909B - Anti-image aliasing method for radio frequency signal receiver - Google Patents
Anti-image aliasing method for radio frequency signal receiver Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/0003—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain
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- H04B1/0003—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain
- H04B1/0007—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at radiofrequency or intermediate frequency stage
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Abstract
The invention provides an anti-image aliasing method of a radio frequency signal receiver, which is used for eliminating image aliasing of a received radio frequency band signal and comprises the following steps: the radio frequency band signal to be processed is sampled through a second-order band pass, and a delay difference is introduced between two sampling channels, so that different phase differences are generated between positive and negative frequency spectrums of the signal; and designing an anti-aliasing filter according to the phase difference, and adjusting the positive and negative spectrum phases to enable the negative spectrum signals to be zero after superposition, and enable the positive spectrum signals to be unchanged, so that the elimination of the image signals is realized. By adopting the method, the receiving of the signal at any position can be realized by using the fixed sampling frequency, the sampling frequency does not need to be changed because of avoiding the aliasing of the image, the work of eliminating the aliasing of the image is put at the digital front end part, and the analog front end is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of software radio signal receiving, in particular to an anti-image aliasing method for a radio frequency signal receiver.
Background
Software defined radio, as a method and means for implementing wireless communication, has wide application in wireless communication, especially 4G communication. In order to realize the functions of the software radio as much as possible through a software algorithm, a radio frequency signal (such as 0.8GHz-3GHz) in a working frequency band of the software radio needs to be sampled, band-pass sampling can be performed at a sampling rate far lower than the highest frequency of the signal, and direct sampling of the radio frequency signal can be realized.
The current methods for processing the image aliasing of the band-pass sampling signal mainly include the following three methods:
first, the sampling frequency is changed to avoid aliasing. Most scholars consider that the sampling frequency is selected as low as possible to reduce the burden of subsequent digital processing on the premise that the frequency spectrum is not subjected to aliasing when designing the band-pass sampling frequency, however, the selection of the sampling frequency is necessarily limited by the methods for avoiding aliasing, meanwhile, the difficulty of implementation is increased by a complicated calculation process, and the lower the sampling frequency is, the higher the sampling precision and the requirement on a preposed analog radio frequency band-pass filter are, so that the pursuit of the low sampling frequency is not the optimal method.
Second, the sampling structure is improved. And by using second-order sampling, the two sampling devices generate a 90-degree phase difference. However, this structure can only eliminate aliasing of signal images at integer positions, and cannot process aliasing of signal images at non-integer positions.
Third, an anti-aliasing filter is designed by using an analog device before sampling. The method puts much work on the analog front end, and has the disadvantages of high design difficulty, and lack of flexibility and reconfigurability.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an anti-image aliasing method of a radio frequency signal receiver, which meets the requirement of software radio on receiving signals at any position.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: an anti-image aliasing method of a radio frequency signal receiver is disclosed, the method receives radio frequency band communication signals on any frequency band position, samples the band-pass signals, and eliminates image frequency spectrum through the design of an anti-image aliasing filter if the image frequency spectrum aliasing occurs after sampling;
the method comprises the following steps:
an anti-image aliasing method for a radio frequency signal receiver, comprising the steps of:
(1) receiving radio frequency band signals at any frequency band position, carrying out second-order band-pass sampling on the radio frequency band signals, introducing delay difference into the two sampling channels, and forming two sampling signals with phase difference after the radio frequency band signals are subjected to the second-order band-pass sampling, and recording the two sampling signals as: rA(f) And RB(f)；
(2) If the two paths of sampled signals do not have image aliasing, directly performing down-conversion on the sampled signals, converting the down-converted signals into baseband signals, and finishing the signal processing process; if the two paths of sampled signals have image spectrum aliasing, executing the step (3);
(3) designing an anti-aliasing filter for image spectrum aliasing, comprising the steps of:
(3-1) design of Filter Unit SA(f) And SB(f)，SA(f) And SB(f) The conditions are satisfied:
SA(f)×R+A(f)+SB(f)×R+B(f)＝CR+A(f)
SA(f)×R-A(f)+SB(f)×R-B(f)＝0
in the formula, R+A(f) And R-A(f) Are each RA(f) Positive and negative frequency spectra of (c); r+B(f) And R-B(f) Each represents RB(f) Positive and negative frequency spectra of (c); c represents an amplitude gain; sB(f) Is a complex filter, SB(f) The real part of (2) is designed as a filter
The imaginary part is designed as a filter
(3-2) by using SA(f) To RA(f) Filtering is carried out by
And
are respectively to RB(f) Filtering is carried out; r is to beA(f) Through SA(f) Filtered signal and RB(f) Through
The filtered signals are superposed to form a real part of a restored signal; r is to beB(f) Through
The filtered signal is taken as the imaginary part of the restored signal; obtaining a recovery signal by combining a real part and an imaginary part into a complex number;
(4) and (4) performing down-conversion processing on the recovered signal obtained in the step (3) to obtain a processed baseband signal, and ending the signal processing process.
Further, said RB(f) And RA(f) The relationship between them is:
if the frequency spectrum of the radio frequency band communication signal only occupies a region with a position index of n, RB(f) And RA(f) Satisfies the relationship:
if the frequency spectrum of the radio frequency band communication signal occupies two consecutive frequency regions, i.e. occupies two frequency regions of n-1 and n, respectively, then RB(f) And RA(f) Satisfies the relationship:
R+B(f)＝R+A(f)×β-(n-1) f∈[0，B]
R+B(f)＝R+A(f)×β-n f∈[-B，0]
R-B(f)＝R-A(f)×βn f∈[0，B]
R-B(f)＝R-A(f)×βn-1 f∈[-B，0]
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
TΔrepresents RA(f) And RB(f) Time delay therebetween, fsTo sample frequency, fsB denotes a signal processing bandwidth of the radio frequency band pass signal.
Further, said SA(f)、SB(f) Are respectively:
when the spectrum of the radio frequency band-pass signal occupies only one frequency region with a position index of n,
when the frequency spectrum of the radio band pass signal occupies two consecutive frequency regions, respectively:
further, the index n of the position where the signal is located is defined to satisfy (n-1/2) fs＜|f|＜(n+1/2)fsThe frequency region of (a).
Has the advantages that: compared with the existing software radio signal receiving technology, the invention has the following advantages:
the image aliasing elimination part is placed at the digital front end for processing, so that the burden of the analog front end is reduced; when the bandpass sampling frequency is selected, the selection range of the sampling frequency is not limited by avoiding image aliasing; the image aliasing can be eliminated for both the integer position signals and the non-integer position signals, and the reception of any position signals can be realized; when the signal position is changed, hardware does not need to be changed, and signals at different positions can be received only by adjusting filter parameters, so that the flexibility of software radio is improved.
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FIG. 1 is an internal schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the frequency spectrum of a bandpass sampled signal of the present invention at integer positions;
fig. 3 is a spectrum diagram of a bandpass sampling signal at a non-integer position according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an anti-image aliasing method for a radio frequency signal receiver, and the principle architecture of the method is shown in figure 1. The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Let the rf bandpass sampling signal to be sampled be r (f), and its bandwidth be B (where B denotes the processing bandwidth, i.e. multiple non-overlapping signals are allowed to exist within B). Using the sampling frequency fsIs twice the signal bandwidth, i.e. fs2B. All signals in the following frequency domain (n-1/2 f)s)＜|fs|＜(n+1/2fs) Are defined as signals with an index n, and n is defined as a position index. After bandpass sampling, all signals with index n are mapped into the frequency domain range | f | < B, as shown in FIG. 2.
In a second order bandpass sampling receiver, two ADCs (abbreviated as ADCA and ADCB) produce channel a and channel B, respectively. The two ADCs are set in operation with a delay in the sampling time, i.e. TΔThe time delay introduces a difference in the two ADC sampling signals, which introduces a relative phase difference between the two ADC sampling channels a and B. Defining the frequency spectrum of sample data in channels A and B as RA(f) And RB(f)。RA(f) And RB(f) Respectively, are represented as R+A(f)，R-A(f) And R+B(f)，R-B(f)。
To eliminate the aliased negative spectrum, the filters S are designed separatelyA(f) And SB(f)，SA(f) And SB(f) Respectively for channel a and channel B. The recovered signal spectrum can then be written as:
Rδ(f)＝SA(f)×RA(f)+SB(f)×RB(f) (1)
writing the spectrum as a superposition of the positive and negative spectral portions, equation (1) becomes:
Rδ(f)＝SA(f)×(R+A(f)+R-A(f))+SB(f)×(R+B(f)+R-B(f)) (2)
if the negative frequency region of the frequency spectrum is to be eliminated, the positive frequency region of the frequency spectrum is reserved, that is, the gain of the positive frequency spectrum must be greater than zero, and the gain of the negative frequency spectrum is zero, that is, the following conditions are satisfied:
where the gain C is an arbitrary complex constant.
In practical application, the specific position of the radio frequency band communication signal is considered, and 2 cases are mainly considered in the invention, namely the frequency spectrum of the radio frequency band communication signal completely occupies only one frequency band, namely the highest frequency f of the radio frequency band communication signalHAnd the lowest frequency fLAnd is located in the nth region; in another case, the center frequency of the RF band-pass signal is located at the boundary between the (n-1) th region and the nth region, i.e. the lowest frequency f of the signalLIn the (n-1) th region and the highest frequency f of the signalHIs located in the nth region.
These 2 cases were analyzed separately as follows:
(1) radio frequency band pass signals occupy only one band of RF signals:
the spectra of the two sampling channels satisfy the following expression:
where n is the index of the signal position,
substituting formula (4) into (3) yields:
namely, it is
In the calculation process, S is used for simpler and more direct realization of the filterA(f) In its simplest form:
substituting (7) into the formula (6) to obtain SB(f) The expression of (a) is:
the complex gains C-1-beta are obtained by returning (7) and (8) to the formula (6)-2n。
Obtaining S through inverse Fourier transformA(f) And SB(f) The time domain expression of (a) is:
(2) RF signal with radio frequency band pass signal occupying two continuous frequency regions
The anti-aliasing method described above is limited to integer-bit radio frequency signals only, and there is also a case where the frequency spectrum of the radio frequency band-pass signal occupies two consecutive frequency regions, i.e. at non-integer positions, respectively, as shown in fig. 3. According to the band-pass sampling theory, two sections of the RF spectrum are relocated to the positive and negative spectrum regions of the Nyquist zone, and the two spectra have a phase difference due to different phase shifts between the positive and negative spectra, so that R can be reconstructed without interference by properly designing the filter filters of the two channels+(f)。
The spectra of these two channels satisfy the following expression:
substituting formula (11) into (3) yields:
likewise, SA(f) In its simplest form:
substituting (13) into the formula (12) to obtain SB(f) The expression of (a) is:
bringing (13) and (14) back to equation (12) yields a complex gain of C ═ 1- β-(2n-1)。
Obtaining S through inverse Fourier transformA(f) And SB(f) The time domain expression of (a) is:
from the formula, SB(f) The positive and negative frequency spectra are asymmetric, and are a complex filter, sampling SBThe complex number obtained at (t) is used as the filter S by using the positive part of the sampling coefficientR B(f) The complex part of which is used as the filter Si B(f) Can implement the complex filter required in fig. 1.
In order to fully and clearly explain the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further described by combining the specific embodiment and the attached drawings.
Example (b): in order to implement the above technical solution, this embodiment designs a software radio frequency signal receiving apparatus for implementing the solution, where the apparatus includes: ADC sampling module, clock generator, FPGA module and PC.
The ADC sampling module adopts two TIADS5463 analog-to-digital converters to form a second-order band-pass sampling channel.
The clock generator adopts an LMK03002C clock generator, and can provide clocks with time delay for two ADC modules, and the time delay range is 150ps-2252 ps.
The FPGA module adopts a CycleIIEP 3C120F780C7N series development board, and can provide two LVDS interfaces to be connected with the ADC. And provides USB and gigabit ethernet interfaces for connection to a PC.
The anti-aliasing filter S shown in FIG. 1A(f)、SR B(f) And SI B(f) The method is designed in the FPGA, and comprises the following specific steps:
time domain expression (9) for the filter with fsSampling is carried out as 2B, and the sampled value is used as a filter SA(f) The FIR filter is designed. The expression (10) or (16) is expressed by f according to the position of the signalsSampling is carried out according to the condition of 2B, and the real part in the sampling data is taken as SR B(f) Designing FIR filter with imaginary part as SI B(f) The FIR filter is designed.
The complex signal recovered by the anti-aliasing filter bank is transmitted into a PC through a gigabit Ethernet interface and can be further processed.
When the signal position is changed, a control command can be input through the USB interface and the PC to change the parameters of the filter.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for anti-image aliasing in a radio frequency signal receiver, comprising the steps of:
(1) receiving radio frequency band signals at any frequency band position, carrying out second-order band-pass sampling on the radio frequency band signals, introducing delay difference into the two sampling channels, and forming two sampling signals with phase difference after the radio frequency band signals are subjected to the second-order band-pass sampling, and recording the two sampling signals as: rA(f) And RB(f)；
If the frequency spectrum of the radio frequency band communication signal only occupies a region with a position index of n, RB(f) And RA(f) Satisfies the relationship:
if the frequency spectrum of the radio frequency band communication signal occupies two consecutive frequency regions, i.e. occupies two frequency regions of n-1 and n, respectively, then RB(f) And RA(f) Satisfies the relationship:
R+B(f)＝R+A(f)×β-(n-1)，f∈[0，B]
R+B(f)＝R+A(f)×β-n，f∈[-B，0]
R-B(f)＝R-A(f)×βn，f∈[0，B]
R-B(f)＝R-A(f)×βn-1，f∈[-B，0]
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
TΔrepresents RA(f) And RB(f) Time delay therebetween, fsTo sample frequency, fs2B, B denotes the signal processing bandwidth of the radio frequency band pass signal; r+A(f) And R-A(f) Are each RA(f) Positive and negative frequency spectra of (c); r+B(f) And R-B(f) Each represents RB(f) Positive and negative frequency spectra of (c);
(2) if the two paths of sampled signals do not have image aliasing, directly performing down-conversion on the sampled signals, converting the down-converted signals into baseband signals, and finishing the signal processing process; if the two paths of sampled signals have image spectrum aliasing, executing the step (3);
(3) designing an anti-aliasing filter for image spectrum aliasing, comprising the steps of:
(3-1) design of Filter Unit SA(f) And SB(f)：
When the spectrum of the radio frequency band-pass signal occupies only one frequency region with a position index of n,
when the frequency spectrum of the radio band pass signal occupies two consecutive frequency regions, respectively:
in the formula, SB(f) Is a complex filter, SB(f) The real part of (2) is designed as a filter
The imaginary part is designed as a filter
(3-2) by using SA(f) To RA(f) Filtering is carried out by
And
are respectively to RB(f) Filtering is carried out; r is to beA(f) Through SA(f) Filtered signal and RB(f) Through
The filtered signals are superposed to form a real part of a restored signal; r is to beB(f) Through
The filtered signal is taken as the imaginary part of the restored signal; obtaining a recovery signal by combining a real part and an imaginary part into a complex number;
(4) and (4) performing down-conversion processing on the recovered signal obtained in the step (3) to obtain a processed baseband signal, and ending the signal processing process.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the index n of the position of the signal is defined to satisfy (n-1/2) fs＜|f|＜(n+1/2)fsThe frequency region of (a).
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