Programmable automatic control downlink communication device and downlink signal transmission method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling engineering, in particular to a programmable automatic control downlink communication device and a downlink signal transmission method.
Background
In the field of drilling engineering, various devices for measuring geological parameters and controlling the direction of a drill bit are installed underground. The ground operators in the well drilling need to know the geological condition and the well bore direction of the stratum to be drilled at any time, and continuously adjust the measurement mode and the bit direction. Thus, communication between surface operators and downhole equipment, including "up signal transmission" and "down signal transmission", has become very important.
The existing downlink signal transmission technology, such as two modes of downlink signal transmission disclosed in the background art in the document with patent application number CN 201510953355.7: in a first way, the "downstream signaling" approach is to stop and start the main mud pump in a set of time codes, and the pressure change pulses can be detected by sensors in the downhole measurement and control equipment and decoded into commands. This approach requires stopping the pump operation and downhole drilling operations, and has the disadvantages of relatively long pump-down and pump-on state determination times, low downstream signaling information, and the like. In the second mode, the drilling operation and mud circulation are the same as in the first mode. The downlink signal transmission system consists of a pipeline and a bypass valve, and the mode is that part of mud of the circulation system is directly returned to the mud tank without passing through underground measuring and controlling equipment through the opening and closing of the bypass valve. Therefore, when the bypass valve is opened and closed, the flow and the pressure at the underground measuring and controlling equipment are changed, and the codes for opening and closing the ground bypass valve are decoded through the underground sensor measurement to obtain a ground command.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a programmable automatic control downlink communication device and a downlink signal transmission method, which overcome the defects of the prior art, can effectively solve the problems that the prior programmable automatic control downlink communication device needs to stop a pump and stop underground drilling operation when in downlink communication, and further solves the problems that part of drilling circulating mud is directly returned to a mud tank without passing through underground instrument measurement and control equipment when the prior programmable automatic control downlink communication device transmits downlink signals, and is easy to cause deviation to geological conditions of drilling stratum and borehole direction detection.
One of the technical schemes of the invention is realized by the following measures: the utility model provides a programmable automatic control downstream communication device includes mud jar, main mud pump, automatic control downstream communication equipment, rig and downhole signal receiving measurement equipment, and the export of mud jar is connected through first mud pipeline with the import of main mud pump, and automatic control downstream communication equipment includes control module, automatically controlled valve, seal pot, nitrogen package and small-size mud pump, and control module is connected with automatically controlled valve and small-size mud pump electricity respectively, and the export of main mud pump, the import of automatically controlled valve and rig import are connected through first tee bend mud pipeline, be connected through second tee bend mud pipeline between automatically controlled valve export, seal pot import and the small-size mud pump import, be provided with the nitrogen package in the seal pot, the export of small-size mud pump is connected through second mud pipeline with the rig import and second mud pipeline is linked together with first tee bend mud pipeline, is connected with the well string in the export of rig and the lower part of well string extends to the well bore, forms well bore annulus between the outside and the inner wall, and downhole signal receiving measurement equipment sets up in the lower part of well string, installs the well bore annulus through the third mud pipeline in the fixed mounting of well string.
The following are further optimizations and/or improvements to the above-described inventive solution:
the downhole signal receiving and measuring device is a flowmeter or a pressure detector or a turbine.
The underground signal receiving and measuring equipment is a turbine generator, a measuring terminal is arranged at the three-phase output end of the generator, and the measuring terminal measures the frequency signal of the generator.
The electric control valve is an electric control pneumatic three-way valve.
The second technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: the downlink signal transmission method of the programmable automatic control downlink communication device comprises the following steps:
when an instruction or data is required to be sent underground, starting a main slurry pump, enabling drilling circulating slurry to enter an electric control valve from a slurry tank through the main slurry pump, and controlling opening, closing and opening degree of an inlet of the electric control valve by a control module;
secondly, opening an electric control valve through a control module to introduce drilling circulation slurry into the sealing tank, compressing the drilling circulation slurry into a nitrogen bag in the sealing tank, and enabling the sealing tank to form a high-pressure area along with the increasing of the drilling circulation slurry entering the sealing tank, wherein the drilling circulation slurry is pressed out of the sealing tank and enters a small slurry pump through a second three-way slurry pipeline;
thirdly, the control module controls the small-sized slurry pump to be started, the small-sized slurry pump presses drilling circulation slurry into the second slurry pipeline, the drilling circulation slurry flows out of the second slurry pipeline and then enters the drilling machine along with the first three-way slurry pipeline, and then enters the well, and the flowing drilling circulation slurry forms a flow pulse signal in the well;
and fourthly, detecting and decoding the flow pulse signal by underground signal receiving and measuring equipment so as to obtain data sent by the ground, and ending.
When the invention transmits downlink communication signals, a large amount of drilling circulating mud flows to the drilling tool assembly and the drill bit through the energy stored by the programmable automatic downlink communication equipment, so that the drilling operation can be continuously carried out. During drilling operation, the main mud pump pumps the drilling circulating mud and presses the drilling circulating mud into the well drilling pipe column, and the outlet of the main mud pump and the first three-way mud pipeline are in a high-pressure state, and are generally above 10 Mpa. The inlet of the main slurry pump is in a normal pressure state. During downlink signal transmission, the drilling circulating slurry returns to the slurry tank through the underground annulus after passing through the underground instrument measuring and controlling equipment, and the geological condition of the drilling stratum and the borehole direction are detected accurately and reliably.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the field installation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and working principle of the automatic control downlink communication device of the present invention.
The codes in the drawings are respectively: 1 is a mud tank, 2 is a main mud pump, 3 is an automatic control downlink communication device, 301 is a control module, 302 is an electric control valve, 303 is a sealing tank, 304 is a nitrogen packet, 305 is a small-sized mud pump, 4 is a drilling machine, 5 is a downhole signal receiving and measuring device, 6 is a first mud pipeline, 7 is a first three-way mud pipeline, 8 is a second three-way mud pipeline, 9 is a second mud pipeline, 10 is a drilling string, 11 is a drill bit, 12 is a borehole annulus, and 13 is a third mud pipeline.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments can be determined according to the technical scheme and practical situations of the present invention.
The invention is further described below with reference to examples and figures:
example 1: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a programmable automatic control downlink communication device comprises a mud tank 1, a main mud pump 2, an automatic control downlink communication device 3, a drilling machine 4 and a downhole signal receiving and measuring device 5, wherein the outlet of the mud tank 1 is connected with the inlet of the main mud pump 2 through a first mud pipeline 6, the automatic control downlink communication device 3 comprises a control module 301, an electric control valve 302, a sealing tank 303, a nitrogen bag 304 and a small mud pump 305, the control module 301 is respectively and electrically connected with the electric control valve 302 and the small mud pump 305, the outlet of the main mud pump 2, the inlet of the electric control valve 302 and the inlet of the drilling machine 4 are connected through a first three-way mud pipeline 7, the outlet of the electric control valve 302, the inlet of the sealing tank 303 and the inlet of the small slurry pump 305 are connected through a second three-way slurry pipeline 8, a nitrogen bag 304 is arranged in the sealing tank 303, the outlet of the small slurry pump 305 is connected with the inlet of the drilling machine 4 through a second slurry pipeline 9, the second slurry pipeline 9 is communicated with the first three-way slurry pipeline 7, the outlet of the drilling machine 4 is connected with a drilling pipe column 10, the lower part of the drilling pipe column 10 extends into a borehole, a borehole annulus 12 is formed between the outer side of the drilling pipe column 10 and the inner wall of the borehole, a downhole signal receiving and measuring device 5 is arranged at the lower part of the drilling pipe column 10, a drill bit 11 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the drilling pipe column 10, and the borehole annulus 12 is communicated with the slurry tank 1 through a third slurry pipeline 13.
The electric control valve 302, the sealing tank 303 and the small mud pump 305 are connected through the second three-way mud pipeline 8, so that drilling circulation mud can be introduced into the sealing tank 303, or after the drilling circulation mud is pressed into the small mud pump 305, the drilling circulation mud can sequentially enter the drilling machine 4 through the second mud pipeline 9 and the first three-way mud pipeline 7.
The control module 301 can control the operation and stop of the electronic control valve 302 and the small mud pump 305; when the control module 301 sends out a signal, the electric control valve 302 is opened, and due to the effect of pressure, drilling circulation mud sprayed out of the main mud pump 2 enters the sealing tank 303 through the second three-way mud pipeline 8, and the nitrogen bag 304 is compressed at the moment and stores energy; after the pressure in the circulation system of the whole programmable automatic control downlink communication device is balanced, the control module 301 controls the electric control valve 302 to be closed, the small mud pump 305 to be opened, and drilling circulation mud sequentially enters the drilling machine 4 through the second mud pipeline 9 and the first three-way mud pipeline 7 by means of energy stored by the nitrogen gas packet 304, and the drilling circulation mud enters the well to form a flow pulse signal in the well through the operation; the flow pulse signal may be encoded at the surface and decoded downhole to obtain command data sent downhole at the surface. The control module 301 can be controlled by computer programming to realize remote control of the ground. A nitrogen bag 304 is installed in the sealed tank 303 to be compressed and released.
The programmable automatic control downlink communication device can be further optimized or/and improved according to actual needs:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the downhole signal receiving measurement apparatus 5 is a flow meter or a pressure detector or a turbine.
The downhole signal receiving and measuring device 5 is a turbine generator, and a measuring terminal is arranged at the three-phase output end of the generator and is used for measuring the frequency signal of the generator.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the electrically controlled valve 302 is an electrically controlled pneumatic three-way valve.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the downlink signal transmission method of the programmable automatic control downlink communication device comprises the following steps:
firstly, when an instruction or data is required to be sent underground, a main mud pump 2 is started, drilling circulation mud passes through the main mud pump 2 from a mud tank 1 and enters an electric control valve 302, and a control module 301 controls the opening, closing and opening degree of an inlet of the electric control valve 302;
secondly, the electronic control valve 302 is opened through the control module 301 to introduce drilling circulation slurry into the sealing tank 303, the drilling circulation slurry compresses the nitrogen bag 304 in the sealing tank 303, the flow and the pressure of the slurry in the sealing tank 303 change along with the increasing amount of the drilling circulation slurry entering the sealing tank 303, the sealing tank 303 forms a high-pressure area, and the drilling circulation slurry is extruded from the sealing tank 303 and enters the small slurry pump 305 through the second three-way slurry pipeline 8;
thirdly, the control module 301 controls the small-sized slurry pump 305 to be started, the small-sized slurry pump 305 presses drilling circulation slurry into the second slurry pipeline 9, the drilling circulation slurry flows out of the second slurry pipeline 9 and then enters the drilling machine 4 along with the first three-way slurry pipeline 7, and then enters the well, and the flowing drilling circulation slurry forms a flow pulse signal under the well;
and fourthly, the underground signal receiving and measuring equipment 5 detects the flow pulse signal and decodes the flow pulse signal, so that data sent by the ground are obtained, and the process is finished.
The technical characteristics form the embodiment of the invention, have stronger adaptability and implementation effect, and can increase or decrease unnecessary technical characteristics according to actual needs so as to meet the requirements of different situations.