CN107980054A - 船体外涂层 - Google Patents

船体外涂层 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107980054A
CN107980054A CN201680030510.0A CN201680030510A CN107980054A CN 107980054 A CN107980054 A CN 107980054A CN 201680030510 A CN201680030510 A CN 201680030510A CN 107980054 A CN107980054 A CN 107980054A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
coating
top layer
mol
film
hull
Prior art date
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Pending
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CN201680030510.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
克里斯蒂安·布姆
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of CN107980054A publication Critical patent/CN107980054A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及水下区域的船体外涂层，其中该涂层，尤其以薄膜形式，具有位于船体外侧面上的由粘合剂或乙烯‑丙烯‑二烯橡胶制成的底层，和布置在其上方的由超高分子量聚乙烯制成的表层。

Description

船体外涂层
技术领域
本发明涉及在水下区域中船舶的船体的外涂层。
背景技术
用于减少水中生物附着(Bewuch)的薄膜涂层在船舶的船体方面是已知的。首先一种方法是，为了减少生物附着，将透明PVC薄膜用粘合剂接合到船壁上。另外已知在表面上具有尼龙纤维的由尼龙制成的薄膜，其同样防止生物附着。这两种类型的薄膜都减少生物附着，但是不具有好的滑动性能。这两种类型的薄膜都通过粘合剂接合而施加，并且没有任何阻尼作用。所述薄膜也不具有对于坚硬或磨损性介质例如砂的耐磨性。这两种类型的薄膜也都具有相对高的密度。
也有市售的油漆、涂料和液体涂层组合物，其同样意于通过各种机理减少水下生物附着。通过减少或防止生物附着，这些薄膜和油漆减少消耗或在相同功率下提高速度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是实现为船舶制备多功能“海豚皮”，其在水中具有比目前的涂层解决方案更好的滑动特性。由此应与已知的涂层相比实现在相同功率下更高的速度，或更低的消耗。该涂层也应减少生物附着和腐蚀和改进声学性能和层流。因此，目的是，与目前市售的体系相比，提高运动汽艇、轮船和尤其是集装箱船在相同功率输入下的最终速度，或减少在相同速度下的消耗。另一目的是，经由外涂层，将冲击的吸收最佳化。
这些目的在本发明中通过如下方式实现：涂层，尤其以薄膜形式，具有位于船体的外侧面上的由粘合剂或乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)制成的底层，和布置于其上方的由超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)制成的表层。
涂层的结构由UHMW-PE薄膜作为表层组成。UHMW-PE具有优异的滑动性能和可以同样优异地制造以具有与鲨鱼皮相似的结构。该薄膜可采用蜡或采用其他添加剂浸渍，以提高滑动性能。另外，所述薄膜具有优异的耐磨性，阻碍生物附着，便利于清洁和提供抗冲击保护。
通过UHMW-PE薄膜与作为底层的EPDM的层合产生了与海豚皮相似的新组合，其吸收由流动导致的振动和因此积极地提高层流或流动速度。这种材料组合另外导致显著改进的强度和导致消声。
EPDM的缓冲作用和UHMW-PE的缺口抗冲击性提供对钢制船体的新的防损坏保护和因此除了防污作用外还提供优异的防腐蚀作用。
特别地在现代GRP/CRP船体结构的情况下，可以在制造过程中引入直接接合的层合体，并因此制备不可分离的复合材料。在这种组合下，抗冲击性得到显著提高。
表层与底层的厚度比可以针对船的尺寸和要实现的速度个别地适应性调节。本发明的有利的实施方案在从属权利要求中列举出。
本发明的实施例描述于下文中。
用于涂覆船舶船体的外表面的薄膜具有两层或多层结构，和具有至少一个由乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)制成的底层，优选是以压延薄膜形式。由超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)制成的、尤其以薄膜形式的表层施加到该底层上。底层和表层优选通过硫化而彼此接合，并且产品可以称为“层合体”。
将层合体使用粘合剂接合到钢制船体上，并且将边缘区域面对面焊接。在由GRP/CRP制成的船体情况下，可以将层合体引入到模具中或随后用粘合剂接合。
优选UHMW-PE薄膜的厚度是0.5mm-3mm，优选的EPDM厚度是0.5mm-30mm,取决于应用而定。另选，涂层也可以由两层或多层板形成。
层合体可以采用不同的层构造，并且根据需要，可以采用薄膜、钢织物、合成材料(Kuns ts toff)织物或其他织物进行增强。可以将添加剂加入到UHMW-PE薄膜中以改进相应的性能，实例是PTFE(滑动性能、防粘性能)、炭黑(为了导电性)、UV稳定剂(抗UV性的改进)或对抗藻类生长的生物杀灭剂。
优选的是，底层部分地或完全由各种弹性体组成，所述弹性体例如有机硅、丁基、氯丁二烯、腈(NBR或HNBR)弹性体或其他含氟弹性体。优选的是，底层是单组分或双组分粘合剂，尤其是具有固化剂的环氧树脂。底层也可以是丙烯酸酯粘合剂，尤其是丙烯酸酯泡沫粘合剂。
由UHMW-PE制成的表层的分子量优选是3百万g/mol至15百万g/mol，优选5百万g/mol至10百万g/mol。另外，有利的是，表层由交联的PE或交联的PE塑性体组成，其具有30％-90％，优选40％-70％的凝胶含量。
特别有利地，所述底层另外补偿了船体与表层之间在膨胀系数方面的差异。

Claims (15)

1.水下区域的船体外涂层，其特征在于，该涂层，尤其以薄膜形式，具有位于船体外侧面上的、由粘合剂或乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)制成的底层，和布置在其上方的由超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)制成的表层。
2.权利要求1的涂层，其特征在于表层的厚度是0.5-3mm。
3.权利要求1或2的涂层，其特征在于，底层是单组分或双组分粘合剂。
4.权利要求3的涂层，其特征在于，单组分或双组分粘合剂是具有固化剂的环氧树脂。
5.权利要求1或2的涂层，其特征在于，底层是丙烯酸酯粘合剂，尤其是丙烯酸酯泡沫粘合剂。
6.前述权利要求中任一项的涂层，其特征在于，底层的厚度是0.5-30mm。
7.前述权利要求中任一项的涂层，其特征在于，其采用布置在底层和表层之间和/或在底层下方的至少一个另外的层，尤其是薄膜，加以增强。
8.前述权利要求中任一项的涂层，其特征在于，其通过至少一种由钢、塑料和/或玻璃制成的织物加以增强。
9.权利要求8的涂层，其特征在于，所述织物布置在底层和表层之间和/或在底层下方和/或在底层中。
10.前述权利要求中任一项的涂层，其特征在于，其通过包埋的玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维加以增强。
11.前述权利要求中任一项的涂层，其特征在于，向表层和/或底层中添加添加剂，例如PTFE、炭黑、UV稳定剂和/或阻燃添加物。
12.前述权利要求中任一项的涂层，其特征在于，所述薄膜形成层合体。
13.前述权利要求中任一项的涂层，其特征在于，所述底层部分地由弹性体例如有机硅、丁基、氯丁二烯、腈(NBR或HNBR)弹性体或其他含氟弹性体组成。
14.前述权利要求中任一项的涂层，其特征在于，由UHMW-PE制成的表层的分子量是3百万g/mol至15百万g/mol，优选5百万g/mol至10百万g/mol。
15.前述权利要求中任一项的涂层，其特征在于，所述表层由交联的PE或交联的PE塑性体组成，其具有30％-90％，优选40％-70％的凝胶含量。
CN201680030510.0A 2015-05-27 2016-05-25 船体外涂层 Pending CN107980054A (zh)

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CN113636012A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-12 北京丰润铭科贸有限责任公司 一种船底壳防止水生物寄生的方法

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