CN107978368B - Metal SBET-based health risk assessment method for heavy metals in dust fall - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a metal SBET-based health risk assessment method for heavy metals in dust fall, which belongs to the technical field of health risk assessment. In a word, the invention provides a risk assessment method with convenient operation, scientific assessment and small error, and the risk assessment method is used for assessing and preventing the carcinogenic risk of heavy metal in dust fall for people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of health risk assessment, and particularly relates to a metal SBET-based method for assessing heavy metal health risk in dust fall.
Background
The atmospheric dustfall is a general term for atmospheric particulates suspended in the atmosphere and falling to the ground surface under the action of factors such as gravity, precipitation, turbulence and the like, comprises an inhomogeneous mixture of inorganic nonmetallic particles, metal particles and organic particles, is an important link for connecting multiple media such as atmosphere, soil, water and the like, and is an environmental factor closely combined with human relation. Heavy metals are difficult to degrade, can be remained in the environment for a long time, and are easy to generate enrichment effect and generate toxicity to animals, plants and human bodies through a food chain system. Various heavy metals in the dustfall are as follows: lead, chromium, arsenic, copper, zinc, nickel and the like mainly come from industrial pollution, traffic pollution, building dust and the like, can enter animals and plants through media such as water, atmosphere, soil and the like to influence the ecological system and the environmental safety, and can enter human bodies through ways such as oral ingestion, breath inhalation, skin contact and the like to generate potential harm to the health of the human bodies.
The bioavailability (bioavailability) of heavy metals refers to the property that heavy metals can be absorbed by organisms or generate toxicity to organisms, and is a key index for measuring the health influence and ecological influence of heavy metal elements. The risk assessment of heavy metals in the environment is a prerequisite for the risk management thereof. In recent years, health risk assessment is performed on heavy metals in atmospheric dustfall by a plurality of scholars, but the model is mainly focused on the assessment of the total content of the heavy metals during application, and the biological effectiveness of the heavy metals is not considered, so that errors in the estimation of the exposure dose of the heavy metals in the health risk assessment are caused, and an important source of uncertainty of the health risk assessment model is also caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for evaluating the health risk of heavy metal in dust fall based on metal SBET, which aims at solving the technical problems that sampling in the evaluation of the health risk of heavy metal in atmospheric dust fall is not standard, the steps for extracting the bioavailability of heavy metal are too simple and the like in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a health risk assessment method for heavy metals in dustfall based on metal SBET comprises the following steps:
collecting atmospheric dust fall by adopting a sweeping method in sunny and windless weather, screening out large-particle impurities in the atmospheric dust fall, naturally drying the impurities, and screening the dust fall with the particle size of less than 63 mu m for heavy metal analysis;
weighing 0.2g of dust fall sample, adding 8.0mL of concentrated nitric acid and 2.0mL of perchloric acid, heating at 50 ℃ for 3 hours, heating at 75 ℃ for 1 hour, heating at 100 ℃ for 1 hour, heating at 125 ℃ for 1 hour, heating at 150 ℃ for 3 hours, heating at 175 ℃ for 2 hours, heating at 190 ℃ for 3 hours for nearly drying, cooling, adding 5% of dilute nitric acid, centrifuging, taking supernatant, and testing the concentration of various heavy metals in the supernatant by using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS);
step three, weighing 0.2g of dust fall sample for extracting the biological effectiveness, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(1) first, 2L of glycine extract was prepared: weighing 60.056g of glycine, adding 1400-1600ml of deionized water for dissolution, dropwise adding HCl while adding deionized water until the total volume reaches 2L;
(2) weighing 0.2g of dustfall sample, adding 25ml of extracting solution, fully oscillating for 1-1.5 hours at 37 ℃ to ensure that heavy metal in dustfall fully reacts with the glycine extracting solution, and testing the pH value of the extracting solution after reaction to be 1.0-2.0, otherwise, oscillating and reacting again;
(3) centrifuging the reaction mixture at 4000rpm for 15 minutes, passing the centrifuged supernatant through an acetate fiber filter membrane, taking the filtered solution for heavy metal determination, wherein the determined content is the content C of the heavy metal biological effective partSBETCalculating the contribution rate (bioavailability%) of the bioavailability of the heavy metal in the total amount of the heavy metal;
step four, heavy metals in the dustfall enter a human body mainly through three ways of direct ingestion by mouth and food, breath inhalation and skin contact, and according to the United states EPA human body exposure risk assessment method, a health risk calculation model is as follows:
(1) exposure dose calculation method, as follows:
wherein D isingAverage daily exposure for the food intake route, DinhMean daily exposure for the respiratory inhalation route, DdermalIs the daily average exposure of skin contact route, LADD is the lifelong daily average exposure of carcinogenic heavy metal inhalation route,the unit is mg (kg. d)-1(ii) a C is the concentration of the total content of the measured dustfall heavy metal, and the unit is mg.kg-1(ii) a The bioavailability% is the proportion of the heavy metal effectiveness in the total amount; IngR is the dust-fall frequency of oral food intake, and the unit is mg/d; InhR is the dust fall frequency of the inhaled air through breathing and is m3D; EF is the exposure frequency; ED is the exposure age; SL is skin adhesion in mg/cm2(ii) a SA is the exposed skin surface area in cm2(ii) a ABS is a skin absorption factor; PEF is an atmospheric dust reduction production factor; BW is mean body weight; AT is a non-carcinogenic risk;
(2) the method for calculating the health risk of different exposure ways of heavy metals in dustfall is as follows:
HQ＝D/RfD0
HI＝∑HQ＝HQing+HQinh+HQdermal
Risk＝LADD×SF0
Total Risk＝∑Risk＝Risking+Riskinh+Riskdermal
wherein, HQ is a non-carcinogenic risk quotient which represents the non-carcinogenic risk of a single pollutant passing through a certain path; HQing、HQinh、HQdermalThe non-carcinogenic health risks to human bodies are generated by heavy metals in the dustfall through three ways of food intake, breath inhalation and skin contact; HI is the total non-carcinogenic health risk to a human body by three pathways; rfD0Reference dose for daily exposure to health risks in mg (kg. d)-1The maximum amount of pollutants which can not cause adverse reactions to human bodies and are taken by each kg of human bodies every day is shown; when HQ and HI are less than or equal to 1.0, the heavy metals are considered to have less or no obvious harm to the non-carcinogenic health risk of the human body; when HQ and HI are more than 1.0, the heavy metals are considered to have non-carcinogenic risks and possibly cause harm to human bodies; slope coefficient SF0The maximum probability of carcinogenic effect of human body exposed to a certain pollutant with a certain dosage is expressed in mg (kg. d)-1(ii) a Risk is an oncogenic Risk and indicates the probability of cancer occurrence, usually expressed in units of populationNow the proportion of cancer patients indicates that Risk is at 10-6～10-4In between (i.e., 1 cancer patient per 1-100 million), the substance does not have a carcinogenic risk; risking、Riskinh、RiskdermalThe carcinogenic health risks to human bodies caused by food intake, breath inhalation and skin contact of heavy metals in the dustfall are respectively avoided; total Risk is the Total carcinogenic health Risk to humans through three pathways.
Further, the formula for calculating the proportion of the effectiveness of the heavy metal in the fourth step to the total amount is as follows: bioavailability ═ CSBET/C×100％。
Further, the non-oncogenic risk calculation formula in step four is: AT ═ ED × 365.
Further, the pH of the glycine solution in the third step is 1.5.
Further, the aperture of the acetate fiber filter membrane in the third step is 0.45 um.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for evaluating the health risk of the heavy metal in the dust fall based on the metal SBET, collected dust fall samples are processed into three groups according to three ways of entering the human body by the dust fall in the atmosphere, and the total carcinogenic health risk generated by the human body entering the human body through three ways of food intake, breath inhalation and skin contact is calculated respectively. In a word, the invention provides a risk assessment method with convenient operation, scientific assessment and small error, and the risk assessment method is used for assessing and preventing the carcinogenic risk of heavy metal in dust fall for people.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the convenience of understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be further explained with reference to fig. 1 and the specific embodiments, which are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
A health risk assessment method for heavy metals in dustfall based on metal SBET comprises the following steps:
collecting atmospheric dust fall by adopting a sweeping method in sunny and windless weather, screening out large-particle impurities in the atmospheric dust fall, naturally drying the impurities, and screening the dust fall with the particle size of less than 63 mu m for heavy metal analysis;
weighing 0.2g of dust fall sample, adding 8.0mL of concentrated nitric acid and 2.0mL of perchloric acid, heating at 50 ℃ for 3 hours, heating at 75 ℃ for 1 hour, heating at 100 ℃ for 1 hour, heating at 125 ℃ for 1 hour, heating at 150 ℃ for 3 hours, heating at 175 ℃ for 2 hours, heating at 190 ℃ for 3 hours for nearly drying, cooling, adding 5% of dilute nitric acid, centrifuging, taking supernatant, and testing the concentration of various heavy metals in the supernatant by using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Step three, weighing 0.2g of dust fall sample for extracting the biological effectiveness, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(1) first, 2L of glycine extract was prepared: 60.056g of glycine is weighed, 1400 g of deionized water is added for dissolution, HCl is added dropwise while deionized water is added until the total volume reaches 2L and the pH reaches 1.5;
(2) weighing 0.2g of dust fall sample, adding 25ml of extracting solution, fully shaking for 1 hour at 37 ℃, fully reacting heavy metal in dust fall with glycine extracting solution, and testing the pH value of the extracting solution after reaction to be 1.0;
(3) centrifuging the reaction mixture at 4000rpm for 15 minutes, filtering the centrifuged supernatant with 0.45um acetate fiber filter membrane, taking the filtered solution for heavy metal determination, wherein the determined content is the content C of the heavy metal biological effective partSBETCalculating the contribution rate (bioavailability%) of the bioavailability of the heavy metal in the total amount of the heavy metal, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: bioavailability ═ CSBET/C×100％；
Step four, heavy metals in the dustfall enter a human body mainly through three ways of direct ingestion by mouth and food, breath inhalation and skin contact, and according to the United states EPA human body exposure risk assessment method, a health risk calculation model is as follows:
(1) exposure dose calculation method, as follows:
wherein D isingAverage daily exposure for the food intake route, DinhMean daily exposure for the respiratory inhalation route, DdermalThe average daily exposure for skin contact and the average daily exposure for life of LADD for inhalation of carcinogenic heavy metals are mg (kg. d)-1(ii) a C is the concentration of the total content of the measured dustfall heavy metal, and the unit is mg.kg-1(ii) a The bioavailability% is the proportion of the heavy metal effectiveness in the total amount; IngR is the dust-fall frequency of oral food intake, and the unit is mg/d; InhR is the dust fall frequency of the inhaled air through breathing and is m3D; EF is the exposure frequency; ED is exposure age; SL is skin adhesion in mg/cm2(ii) a SA is the exposed skin surface area in cm2(ii) a ABS is a skin absorption factor; PEF is an atmospheric dust fall generation factor; BW is mean body weight; AT is the non-carcinogenic risk, and the calculation formula is as follows: AT ═ ED × 365;
(2) the method for calculating the health risk of different exposure ways of heavy metals in dustfall is as follows:
HQ＝D/RfD0
HI＝∑HQ＝HQing+HQinh+HQdermal
Risk＝LADD×SF0
Total Risk＝∑Risk＝Risking+Riskinh+Riskdermal
wherein, HQ is a non-carcinogenic risk quotient which represents the non-carcinogenic risk of a single pollutant through a certain path; HQing、HQinh、HQdermalRespectively representing non-carcinogenic health risks to human bodies caused by heavy metals in the dustfall through three ways of food intake, breath inhalation and skin contact; HI is the total non-carcinogenic health risk to a human body by three pathways; rfD0Reference dose in mg (kg. d) for daily exposure to health risks-1The maximum amount of pollutants which can not cause adverse reactions to human bodies and are taken by each kg of human bodies every day is shown; when HQ and HI are less than or equal to 1.0, the heavy metals are considered to have less or no obvious harm to the non-carcinogenic health risk of the human body; when HQ and HI are more than 1.0, the heavy metals are considered to have non-carcinogenic risks and possibly cause harm to human bodies; slope coefficient SF0The maximum probability of carcinogenic effect of human body exposed to a certain pollutant with a certain dosage is expressed in mg (kg. d)-1(ii) a Risk is an oncogenic Risk and indicates the probability of cancer occurrence, usually expressed as the proportion of patients presenting with cancer per unit number of population, if Risk is at 10-6～10-4In between (i.e., 1 cancer patient per 1-100 million), the substance does not have a carcinogenic risk; risking、Riskinh、RiskdermalThe health risks of carcinogenesis caused by food intake, breath inhalation and skin contact of heavy metals in the dustfall to a human body are respectively avoided; total Risk is the Total carcinogenic health Risk to humans through three pathways.
According to the metal SBET-based health risk assessment method for heavy metals in dust fall, atmospheric dust fall in a certain Nanjing park is collected, a dust fall sample is preprocessed, and the total content of the heavy metals in the atmospheric dust fall in the certain Nanjing park is obtained, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Total amount of heavy metals in Nanjing A park dust fall (unit: mg/kg)
The bioavailabilty of the heavy metals is extracted according to the SBET method, and the Bioaccessibility percent of the bioavailabilty of the heavy metals in the total amount of the heavy metals is calculated and is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 contribution ratio (%) of heavy metal bioavailability in dustfall in Nanjing's park to total amount
According to a health risk assessment formula, non-carcinogenic exposure risks and carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in the dustfall to different people are calculated, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 non-carcinogenic risk index and carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in Nanjing A park
Overall, the non-carcinogenic risk coefficient HQ of each heavy metal is less than 1, and the total non-carcinogenic risk index HI is less than 1, so that the heavy metals in the dustfall do not have non-carcinogenic risks to human bodies, and the total non-carcinogenic risks of each exposure path of single heavy metals are ranked As>Pb>Cr>Mn>V>Cd>Ni>Cu>Zn>Co; children have a higher non-carcinogenic risk than adults; the non-carcinogenic risks of each exposure route are ranked as oral intake > skin contact > respiratory intake. The carcinogenic risk of carcinogenic heavy metal As is 10-6-10-4While As has a certain carcinogenic risk, other elements Cd, Cr, Ni and Co have carcinogenic risks less than 10 within acceptable limits-6Indicating that there is no carcinogenic risk.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A health risk assessment method for heavy metals in dustfall based on metal SBET is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting atmospheric dust fall in sunny and calm weather by adopting a sweeping method, screening out large-particle impurities in the atmospheric dust fall, naturally drying the impurities, and screening out the dust fall with the particle size of less than 63 mu m for heavy metal analysis;
weighing 0.2g of dust fall sample, adding 8.0mL of concentrated nitric acid and 2.0mL of perchloric acid, heating at 50 ℃ for 3 hours, heating at 75 ℃ for 1 hour, heating at 100 ℃ for 1 hour, heating at 125 ℃ for 1 hour, heating at 150 ℃ for 3 hours, heating at 175 ℃ for 2 hours, heating at 190 ℃ for 3 hours for nearly drying, cooling, adding 5% of dilute nitric acid, centrifuging, taking supernatant, and testing the concentration of various heavy metals in the supernatant by using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS);
step three, weighing 0.2g of dust fall sample for extracting the biological effectiveness, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, 2L of glycine extract is prepared: weighing 60.056g of glycine, adding 1400-1600ml of deionized water for dissolution, dropwise adding HCl while adding deionized water until the total volume reaches 2L;
(2) weighing 0.2g of dustfall sample, adding 25ml of extracting solution, fully shaking for 1-1.5 hours at 37 ℃ to ensure that heavy metal in dustfall fully reacts with the glycine extracting solution, and testing the pH of the extracting solution after reaction to be 1.0-2.0, otherwise, shaking and reacting again;
(3) centrifuging the reaction mixture at 4000rpm for 15 minutes, passing the centrifuged supernatant through an acetate fiber filter membrane, taking the filtered solution for heavy metal determination, wherein the determined content is the content C of the heavy metal biological effective partSBETCalculating the contribution rate of the biological effectiveness of the heavy metal in the total amount of the heavy metal;
step four, heavy metals in the dustfall mainly enter a human body through three ways of direct oral ingestion, respiratory inhalation and skin contact, and according to the United states EPA human body exposure risk assessment method, a health risk calculation model is as follows:
(1) exposure dose calculation method, as follows:
wherein D isingAverage daily exposure for the food intake route, DinhMean daily Exposure for the respiratory inhalation route, DdermalThe daily average exposure for skin contact, and the lifetime daily average exposure for inhalation of carcinogenic heavy metals in mg (kg. d)-1(ii) a C is the concentration of the total content of the measured dustfall heavy metal, and the unit is mg-kg-1(ii) a The bioavailability% is the proportion of the heavy metal effectiveness in the total amount; IngR is the dust-fall frequency of oral food intake, and the unit is mg/d; InhR is the dust fall frequency of the inhaled air through breathing and is m3D; EF is the exposure frequency; ED is the exposure age; SL is skin adhesion in mg/cm2(ii) a SA is the exposed skin surface area in cm2(ii) a ABS is a skin absorption factor; PEF is an atmospheric dust fall generation factor; BW is average body weight; AT is a non-carcinogenic risk;
(2) the method for calculating the health risk of different exposure ways of heavy metals in dustfall is as follows:
HQ＝D/RfD0
HI＝∑HQ＝HQing+HQinh+HQdermal
Risk＝LADD×SF0
TotalRisk＝∑Risk＝Risking+Riskinh+Riskdermal
wherein, HQ is a non-carcinogenic risk quotient which represents the non-carcinogenic risk of a single pollutant through a certain path; HQing、HQinh、HQdermalThe non-carcinogenic health risks to human bodies are generated by heavy metals in the dustfall through three ways of food intake, breath inhalation and skin contact; HI is the total non-carcinogenic health risk to a human body by three pathways; rfD0Reference dose for daily exposure to health risks in mg (kg. d)-1The maximum amount of pollutants which can not cause adverse reactions to human bodies and are taken by each kg of human bodies every day is shown; when HQ and HI are less than or equal to 1.0, the heavy metals are considered to have less or no obvious harm to the non-carcinogenic health risk of the human body; when HQ and HI are more than 1.0, the heavy metals are considered to have non-carcinogenic risks and possibly cause harm to human bodies; slope coefficient SF0The maximum probability of carcinogenic effect of human body exposed to a certain pollutant with a certain dosage is expressed in mg (kg. d)-1(ii) a Risk is an oncogenic Risk and indicates the probability of cancer occurrence, usually expressed as the proportion of patients presenting with cancer per unit number of population, if Risk is at 10-6～10-4In the meantime, 1 cancer patient is added for every 1-100 ten thousand people, and the pollutants of the heavy metals in the dustfall do not have carcinogenic risks; risking、Riskinh、RiskdermalThe carcinogenic health risks to human bodies caused by food intake, breath inhalation and skin contact of heavy metals in the dustfall are respectively avoided; total Risk is the Total carcinogenic health Risk to a human body by three routes;
the formula for calculating the proportion of the effectiveness of the heavy metal in the fourth step to the total amount is as follows: bioavailability ═ CSBET/C×100％；
The formula for calculating the non-carcinogenic risk in the fourth step is as follows: AT ═ ED × 365;
the PH of the glycine solution in the third step is 1.5;
the aperture of the acetate fiber filter membrane in the third step is 0.45 um.
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| CN110164556A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-23 | 福建工程学院 | The PM2.5 heavy metal health risk assessment method of a variety of microenvironment exposures |
| CN110361467A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-22 | 河南师范大学 | Multipath exposure assessment method of the human body to fire retardant |
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| CN114628032B (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-12-23 | 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院 | Method for assessing health risks of pollutants in soil by skin contact exposure |
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