CN107970033A - A kind of brain magnetic detection electric impedance imaging system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统，系统包括：电磁检测帽，激励采集控制模块与图像处理显示设备。电磁检测帽具有内外两层，可佩戴于人体头部，内层帽上放置有激励电极，外层帽上安置磁场传感器，电极与磁场传感器通过导线与激励采集控制模块相连接；激励采集控制模块具有控制激励信号与采集磁场信息的作用，可根据需求调整参数以输出与处理不同强度和频率的信号，对采集信号进行滤波、放大、模数转换等，最终将信号传输到图像处理显示设备；图像处理显示设备集成微处理器与显示屏幕，通过所得脑部电磁场信息重建成像体脑部电阻抗分布图像。本发明克服了传统电阻抗成像在接触式测量中接触电阻的影响，通过非接触式磁场探测方式获得激励信号下的脑部周围磁感应强度信息，并根据图像重建算法重建出脑内电阻抗分布图像，以供医生对脑部生理病理状况作出诊断。
The invention discloses a brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system, which comprises: an electromagnetic detection cap, an excitation acquisition control module and an image processing display device. The electromagnetic detection cap has two inner and outer layers, which can be worn on the human head. The excitation electrode is placed on the inner cap, and the magnetic field sensor is placed on the outer cap. The electrodes and the magnetic field sensor are connected to the excitation acquisition control module through wires; the excitation acquisition control module It has the function of controlling the excitation signal and collecting magnetic field information. It can adjust the parameters according to the needs to output and process signals of different intensities and frequencies, filter, amplify, and convert the collected signals, and finally transmit the signals to the image processing display device; The image processing and display device integrates a microprocessor and a display screen, and reconstructs an image of the brain electrical impedance distribution of the imaging body through the obtained brain electromagnetic field information. The invention overcomes the influence of contact resistance in contact measurement of traditional electrical impedance imaging, obtains the magnetic induction intensity information around the brain under the excitation signal through the non-contact magnetic field detection method, and reconstructs the distribution image of electrical impedance in the brain according to the image reconstruction algorithm , for doctors to diagnose the physiological and pathological conditions of the brain.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明归属于电子信息技术、生物医学成像等领域，特别涉及一种脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统。The invention belongs to the fields of electronic information technology, biomedical imaging, etc., and particularly relates to a brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system.
背景技术Background technique
人体的生理和病理变化会引起电导率的变化，电阻抗成像(electronicimpedance tomography，EIT)技术通过检测人体电导率空间分布的变化来提供诊断信息。自上世纪70年代生物医学工作者提出EIT技术以来，电阻抗成像经历了30多年的发展，逐步成为涉及电磁学、电子学、计算数学、医学物理学等多学科交叉与融合的新型医学影像学方法。然而EIT还难以应用到临床环境中，大多数研究者一致认为影响其进入临床的主要原因是EIT成像空间分辨率低。EIT的这一缺陷与其自身的原理和特点密不可分，其中一个最重要的原因就是电极的放置问题，EIT只利用外围电压分布信息，信息量小[1，2]。针对EIT只能测量成像区域外周边信息的问题，Ahlfors等于1993年提出的一种新的非接触式电阻抗成像方法--磁探测电阻抗成像[3]。Physiological and pathological changes of the human body will cause changes in electrical conductivity, and electrical impedance imaging (electronic impedance tomography, EIT) technology provides diagnostic information by detecting changes in the spatial distribution of electrical conductivity in the human body. Since the EIT technology was proposed by biomedical workers in the 1970s, electrical impedance imaging has experienced more than 30 years of development, and has gradually become a new type of medical imaging involving the intersection and integration of electromagnetics, electronics, computational mathematics, and medical physics. method. However, it is still difficult to apply EIT to the clinical environment. Most researchers agree that the main reason affecting its clinical application is the low spatial resolution of EIT imaging. This defect of EIT is inseparable from its own principles and characteristics. One of the most important reasons is the placement of electrodes. EIT only uses peripheral voltage distribution information, and the amount of information is small [1, 2] . Aiming at the problem that EIT can only measure the peripheral information outside the imaging area, Ahlfors et al. proposed a new non-contact electrical impedance imaging method in 1993 - magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging [3] .
磁探测电阻抗成像依据电磁感应原理获得激励电流注入下成像体周围的磁感应强度分布，对人体电导率的空间分布进行成像。与传统电阻抗成像相比，MDEIT技术通过增加测量信息量以提高成像分辨率的优势，且系统结构简单，非接触测量，可用于快速的便携式成像，并且在对于人体生理活动进行连续动态的图像监护方面具有广泛的应用前景[4，5]，这些是目前多数临床成像手段难以做到的。According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging obtains the distribution of magnetic induction intensity around the imaging body under the injection of excitation current, and images the spatial distribution of human body conductivity. Compared with traditional electrical impedance imaging, MDEIT technology has the advantage of increasing the amount of measurement information to improve imaging resolution, and the system structure is simple, non-contact measurement, can be used for fast portable imaging, and continuous dynamic images of human physiological activities It has wide application prospects in monitoring [4, 5] , which is difficult to achieve by most clinical imaging methods at present.
参考文献：references:
[1]Kolehmainen V，Vauhkonen M，Karjalainen P A，et al.Assessment oferrors in static impedance tomography with adjacent and trigonometric currentpatterns[J].Phasiological Measurement，1997，18(4)：289-303.[1] Kolehmainen V, Vauhkonen M, Karjalainen P A, et al. Assessment of errors in static impedance tomography with adjacent and trigonometric current patterns [J]. Phasiological Measurement, 1997, 18(4): 289-303.
[2]Mengxing Tang，Wei Wang，James Wheeler，et al.The number ofelectrodes and basis functions in EIT image reconstruction[J].PhysiologicalMeasurement，2002，23(1)：129-40.[2] Mengxing Tang, Wei Wang, James Wheeler, et al. The number of electrodes and basis functions in EIT image reconstruction [J]. Physiological Measurement, 2002, 23(1): 129-40.
[3]Ahlfors s，Ilmoniemi R.Magnetic imaging of conductivity[C].14thProceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering inMedicine and Biology Socitety(Paris).1992：1717-1718.[3] Ahlfors s, Ilmoniemi R. Magnetic imaging of conductivity [C]. 14th Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Socitety (Paris). 1992: 1717-1718.
[4]Tozer J C，Ireland R H，Barber D C，et al.Magnetic impedancetomography[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.1999，873(1)：353-359.[4] Tozer J C, Ireland R H, Barber D C, et al. Magnetic impedancetomography [J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999, 873(1): 353-359.
[5]R.H.Ireland，J.C.Tozer，D.C.Barber，et al.Towards magnetic detectionimpedance tomography：Data acquisition and image reconstruction of currentdensity in phantom density in phantoms and in vivo[J].PhysiologicalMeasurement.2004，25(3)：775-796.[5] R.H.Ireland, J.C.Tozer, D.C.Barber, et al.Towards magnetic detectionimpedance tomography: Data acquisition and image reconstruction of current density in phantom density in phantoms and in vivo[J].PhysiologicalMeasurement.2004,25(3):775- 796.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提出了一种脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统，本发明实现了利用磁探测电阻抗成像技术对人体颅内电阻抗分布分有效重建，系统结构简单，测量简便，造价低廉，为脑部诊断提供了极大的便利，详见下文描述：The invention proposes a brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system. The invention realizes the effective reconstruction of the human intracranial electrical impedance distribution by using the magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging technology. The system structure is simple, the measurement is convenient, and the cost is low. Diagnostics provide great convenience, as described below:
一种脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统，其特征在于，所述脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统包括：电磁检测帽，激励采集控制模块，图像处理显示设备。其中，A brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system, characterized in that the brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system includes: an electromagnetic detection cap, an excitation acquisition control module, and an image processing display device. in,
所述电磁检测帽可佩戴于人体头部，所述电磁检测帽具有内外两层，内层帽上放置有激励电极，外层冒上安置磁场传感器，电极与磁场传感器通过导线与激励采集控制模块相连接；所述激励采集控制模块具有控制激励信号与采集磁场信息的作用，所述激励采集控制模块可根据需求调整参数以输出与处理不同强度和频率的信号，所述激励采集控制模块对采集信号进行滤波、放大、模数转换等，并将信号传输到图像处理显示设备；所述图像处理显示设备集成微处理器与显示屏幕，通过所得脑部电磁场信息重建成像体脑部电阻抗分布图像。The electromagnetic detection cap can be worn on the head of a human body. The electromagnetic detection cap has two layers, an inner layer and an inner layer. An excitation electrode is placed on the inner layer cap, and a magnetic field sensor is placed on the outer layer. The electrodes and the magnetic field sensor are connected to the excitation acquisition control module through wires connected; the excitation acquisition control module has the function of controlling the excitation signal and collecting magnetic field information, and the excitation acquisition control module can adjust parameters according to requirements to output and process signals of different intensities and frequencies. The signal is filtered, amplified, analog-to-digital converted, etc., and the signal is transmitted to the image processing and display device; the image processing and display device integrates a microprocessor and a display screen, and reconstructs the image of the brain electrical impedance distribution image of the imaging body through the obtained brain electromagnetic field information .
所述电磁检测帽具体为：制作材质为具有弹性，可折叠的纺织物或橡胶制品。Specifically, the electromagnetic detection cap is made of elastic and foldable textile or rubber products.
所述电磁检测帽具体为：内层帽通过孔洞使得激励电极与头部皮肤直接接触。Specifically, the electromagnetic detection cap is as follows: the inner layer cap makes direct contact between the excitation electrode and the skin of the head through the hole.
所述电磁检测帽具体为：内层帽激励电极的位置、数量依据激励信号的注入方式选择。Specifically, the electromagnetic detection cap is as follows: the position and quantity of the excitation electrodes of the inner cap are selected according to the injection mode of the excitation signal.
所述电磁检测帽具体为：外层帽表面具有放置电磁传感器的凹槽，且凹槽数量大于等于需要放置的电磁传感器数量。The electromagnetic detection cap is specifically: the surface of the outer cap has grooves for placing electromagnetic sensors, and the number of grooves is greater than or equal to the number of electromagnetic sensors that need to be placed.
所述电磁检测帽具体为：外层帽表面放置电磁场传感器的位置、数量依据测量所需的取点位置、数量决定。The electromagnetic detection cap is specifically: the position and quantity of electromagnetic field sensors placed on the surface of the outer cap are determined according to the position and quantity of the points required for measurement.
所述电磁检测帽具体为：内层帽和外层帽之间用非电磁介质进行填充。The electromagnetic detection cap is specifically: filling the space between the inner cap and the outer cap with a non-electromagnetic medium.
所述激励采集控制模块具体为：具有控制激励信号与采集磁场信息的功能。The excitation acquisition control module specifically has the functions of controlling the excitation signal and collecting magnetic field information.
所述激励采集控制模块具体为：输出激励信号为电流或电压。The excitation acquisition control module is specifically: the output excitation signal is current or voltage.
所述激励采集控制模块具体为：输出激励信号为单一频率或多频率的信号，且频率、幅值可调。The excitation acquisition control module is specifically: the output excitation signal is a single-frequency or multi-frequency signal, and the frequency and amplitude are adjustable.
所述激励采集控制模块具体为：对采集的磁场信号进行滤波、放大、模数转换。The excitation acquisition control module is specifically: performing filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion on the collected magnetic field signal.
所述图像处理显示设备具体为：利用采集得到的脑部电磁场分布信息重建成像体脑部电阻抗分布图像，并在显示设备上进行显示。The image processing and display device specifically includes: using the collected electromagnetic field distribution information of the brain to reconstruct an image of the electrical impedance distribution of the brain of the imaging body, and displaying it on the display device.
所述图像处理显示设备具体为：图像重建模块可以重建成像体在静止或运动状态下的脑部电阻抗分布图像。The image processing and display device specifically includes: the image reconstruction module can reconstruct the brain electrical impedance distribution image of the imaging subject in a static or moving state.
本发明提供的技术方案的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the invention are:
本发明提供了一种脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统，具有对人体无创，无电离辐射危险，非接触测量，系统结构简单，测量简便，可用于快速的便携式成像的优势，同时该设备造价低廉、检测费用低，有效的降低了医疗风险，减少了医疗费用。The invention provides a brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system, which has the advantages of non-invasive to the human body, no risk of ionizing radiation, non-contact measurement, simple system structure, convenient measurement, and can be used for fast portable imaging. At the same time, the equipment is low in cost , Detection costs are low, effectively reducing medical risks and medical expenses.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为系统整体框图； 图3为静态系统使用示意图；Figure 1 is the overall block diagram of the system; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the static system;
图2为电磁检测帽俯视样图； 图4为动态系统使用示意图；Figure 2 is a sample top view of the electromagnetic detection cap; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic system;
附图中，各标号所代表的部件列表如下：In the accompanying drawings, the list of parts represented by each label is as follows:
2.1为金属电极； 3.3为数据处理显示设备；2.1 is a metal electrode; 3.3 is a data processing display device;
2.2为金属电极； 4.1为电磁检测帽；2.2 is the metal electrode; 4.1 is the electromagnetic detection cap;
2.3为磁场传感器； 4.2为激励采集控制模块；2.3 is the magnetic field sensor; 4.2 is the excitation acquisition control module;
3.1为电磁检测帽； 4.3为数据处理显示设备；3.1 is the electromagnetic detection cap; 4.3 is the data processing display device;
3.2为激励采集控制模块； 4.4为跑步机；3.2 is the incentive acquisition control module; 4.4 is the treadmill;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the implementation manner of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
为提高脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统的适应性，参见图3和图4，本发明实施例提供了一种脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统，详见下文描述：In order to improve the adaptability of the brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system, referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system, which is described in detail below:
一种脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统，电磁检测帽，激励采集控制模块与图像处理显示设备。其中，A brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system, an electromagnetic detection cap, an excitation acquisition control module and an image processing display device. in,
所述电磁检测帽(3.1、4.1)可佩戴于人体头部，所述电磁检测帽上放置有激励电极、磁场传感器，电极与磁场传感器利用导线与激励采集控制模块相连接；所述激励采集控制模块(3.2、4.2)具有控制激励信号与采集磁场信息的作用，所述激励采集控制模块可根据需求调整参数以输出与处理不同强度和频率的信号，所述激励采集控制模块对采集信号进行滤波、放大、模数转换等，并将信号传输到图像处理显示设备；所述图像处理显示设备(3.3、3.4)集成微处理器与显示屏幕，通过所得脑部电磁场信息重建成像体脑部电阻抗分布图像。The electromagnetic detection cap (3.1, 4.1) can be worn on the head of the human body, and an excitation electrode and a magnetic field sensor are placed on the electromagnetic detection cap, and the electrode and the magnetic field sensor are connected to the excitation acquisition control module by wires; the excitation acquisition control module Modules (3.2, 4.2) have the function of controlling excitation signals and collecting magnetic field information. The excitation acquisition control module can adjust parameters according to requirements to output and process signals of different intensities and frequencies. The excitation acquisition control module filters the acquisition signals , amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, etc., and transmit the signal to the image processing display device; the image processing display device (3.3, 3.4) integrates a microprocessor and a display screen, and reconstructs the brain electrical impedance of the imaging body through the obtained brain electromagnetic field information distribution image.
进一步地，为了满足实际应用中的多种需要，本发明实施例中的电磁检测帽(3.1、4.1)其尺寸可以根据不同适应人群制定。Further, in order to meet various needs in practical applications, the size of the electromagnetic detection cap (3.1, 4.1) in the embodiment of the present invention can be customized according to different people.
进一步地，为了满足实际应用中的多种需要，本发明实施例中的电磁检测帽(3.1、4.1)上的激励电极的数量、位置可根据成像要求选择。Further, in order to meet various needs in practical applications, the number and position of the excitation electrodes on the electromagnetic detection cap (3.1, 4.1) in the embodiment of the present invention can be selected according to imaging requirements.
进一步地，为了满足实际应用中的多种需要，本发明实施例中的电磁检测帽(3.1、4.1)上的磁场传感器数量、位置可根据成像要求选择。Further, in order to meet various needs in practical applications, the number and position of the magnetic field sensors on the electromagnetic detection cap (3.1, 4.1) in the embodiment of the present invention can be selected according to imaging requirements.
进一步地，为了满足实际应用中的多种需要，本发明实施例中的信号处理电路(3.2、4.2)可为单频或多频输出。Further, in order to meet various requirements in practical applications, the signal processing circuit (3.2, 4.2) in the embodiment of the present invention may output single frequency or multiple frequencies.
进一步地，为了满足实际应用中的多种需要，本发明实施例中的信号处理电路(3.2、4.2)其尺寸大小可根据系统要求定制。Furthermore, in order to meet various needs in practical applications, the size of the signal processing circuit (3.2, 4.2) in the embodiment of the present invention can be customized according to system requirements.
进一步地，为了满足实际应用中的多种需要，本发明实施例中的数字处理显示设备(3.3、4.3)可选择为便携式或台式设备。Furthermore, in order to meet various needs in practical applications, the digital processing and display devices (3.3, 4.3) in the embodiments of the present invention can be selected as portable or desktop devices.
下面以具体的实施例来说明本发明提供的一种脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统使用，详见下文描述：The use of a brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system provided by the present invention will be described below with specific embodiments, see the following description for details:
实施例1：Example 1:
图3为电磁检测帽，激励采集控制模块，图像处理显示设备组成的脑部磁探测电阻抗成像系统应用于静态测试者的示意图。系统使用方法如下：Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a brain magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging system composed of an electromagnetic detection cap, an excitation acquisition control module, and an image processing and display device applied to a static tester. The method of using the system is as follows:
(1)测试者身体成仰卧姿势。(1) The tester is placed in a supine position.
(2)将电磁检测帽戴到测试者头部，通过打入导电膏以确保激励电极与头部皮肤接触良好。(2) Put the electromagnetic detection cap on the tester's head, and inject conductive paste to ensure good contact between the excitation electrode and the skin of the head.
(3)通过操作激励与采集控制模块对测试者施加一定强度的安全电流，采集静止状态下测试者头部周围的磁场分布，并将数据传输给图像处理显示设备。(3) Apply a certain intensity of safety current to the tester by operating the excitation and acquisition control module, collect the magnetic field distribution around the tester's head in a static state, and transmit the data to the image processing display device.
(4)图像处理显示设备根据获得的磁场数据，利用图像重建算法对测试者头部的电阻抗分布进行重建，并将重建结果显示出来。(4) The image processing display device uses the image reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the electrical impedance distribution of the tester's head according to the obtained magnetic field data, and displays the reconstruction result.
实施例2：Example 2:
图4为电磁检测帽，激励采集控制模块，便携式图像处理显示设备组成的磁探测电阻抗成像脑部诊断系统应用于运动状态下的测试者示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic detection electrical impedance imaging brain diagnosis system composed of an electromagnetic detection cap, an excitation acquisition control module, and a portable image processing and display device applied to a tester in a moving state.
系统使用方法如下：The method of using the system is as follows:
(1)将电磁检测帽稳固的戴到被监测目标头部，保证激励电极与头部皮肤接触良好。(1) Put the electromagnetic detection cap firmly on the head of the target to be monitored to ensure good contact between the excitation electrode and the skin of the head.
(2)连接电磁检测帽，激励采集控制模块，便携式图像处理显示设备。(2) Connect the electromagnetic detection cap, the excitation acquisition control module, and the portable image processing display device.
(3)通过操作激励与采集控制模块对测试者施加一定强度的安全电流，采集运动状态下测试者头部周围的磁场分布，并将数据实时传输给图像处理显示设备。(3) Apply a certain intensity of safety current to the tester by operating the excitation and acquisition control module, collect the magnetic field distribution around the tester's head in the state of motion, and transmit the data to the image processing display device in real time.
(4)图像处理显示设备根据获得的磁场数据，利用图像重建算法对测试者头部的电阻抗分布进行重建，并将重建结果实时显示出来。(4) The image processing display device uses the image reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the electrical impedance distribution of the tester's head according to the obtained magnetic field data, and displays the reconstruction results in real time.
本领域技术人员可以理解附图只是一个优选实施例的示意图，上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。Those skilled in the art can understand that the accompanying drawing is only a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment, and the serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are for description only, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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