CN107959222B - Atomic interferometer light source based on sideband suppression - Google Patents

Atomic interferometer light source based on sideband suppression Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107959222B
CN107959222B CN201610901410.2A CN201610901410A CN107959222B CN 107959222 B CN107959222 B CN 107959222B CN 201610901410 A CN201610901410 A CN 201610901410A CN 107959222 B CN107959222 B CN 107959222B
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laser
radio frequency
frequency
phase modulator
interference type
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CN107959222A (en
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胡忠坤
周敏康
张柯
程源
张洁
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/108Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
    • H01S3/109Frequency multiplication, e.g. harmonic generation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/10053Phase control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/107Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect

Abstract

The invention discloses an atomic interferometer light source based on sideband suppression, which comprises a laser, an interference type laser phase modulator and a control module, wherein the control module is used for controlling the laser phase modulator to generate a laser beam; the input end of the interference type laser phase modulator is connected to the output end of the laser, and the control end of the interference type laser phase modulator is connected to the output end of the control module; under the effect of the radio frequency signal output by the control module, the interference type laser phase modulator carries out frequency modulation on laser output by the laser, suppresses one sideband or simultaneously suppresses carrier wave, and realizes double-frequency output or single-sideband output. In the invention, the interference type laser phase modulator suppresses redundant sidebands generated by using a common electro-optic modulator, and avoids the interference of the interference type laser phase modulator to the whole experimental process, so that the high resolution of an atomic interferometer can be achieved when an optical phase-locked loop is used.

Description

Atomic interferometer light source based on sideband suppression
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser frequency control, and particularly relates to an atomic interferometer light source based on sideband suppression.
Background
Over the past twenty years, atomic interferometer technology has been rapidly developed and widely used, due to its potentially high sensitivity and quantum properties, in the field of precision measurement to make measurements of gravity, gravity gradients, rotation, fine structure constants, magnetic field gradients, gravitational constants, etc., as well as to examine some basic principles of physics. The method has important application prospects in the fields of basic scientific research, gravity measurement, resource exploration, gravity assisted navigation and the like.
Atomic interferometers generally comprise several processes of cooling, polishing, interference and detection, and the series of atomic manipulation is basically performed by laser, which requires that we use lasers with different frequencies and powers in different time periods and has high requirements on switching time. At present, a light source of an atomic interferometer mainly uses a plurality of lasers and laser amplifiers, a plurality of acousto-optic modulators are used for controlling laser frequency and light intensity change, and two beams of laser with phase difference being atomic energy level frequency difference form low-phase-noise Raman light through an optical phase-locked loop. The method has mature technology, but the light path is too complex, optical components are more, the frequency range of frequency shift of the acousto-optic frequency shifter is limited, the efficiency of the whole light path can be changed due to frequency adjustment and temperature change, and the long-time continuous operation of the system is affected due to unstable light power and the like. The optical phase-locked loop is complex in practical use and easy to lose lock by self. These factors limit the suitability of such optical paths for mobile and miniaturized atomic interferometers.
An optical path suitable for use in a mobile atomic interferometer is proposed by o.carraz et al, france, which uses an electro-optic modulator to modulate 3GHz to produce raman light and multiply 1560nm laser light to 780nm for experimentation (ref: o.carraz et al compact and robust laser system for onboard atom interferometry, appl. Phys. B,97 (2009) 405-411). However, when it is modulated by an electro-optic modulator, two sidebands are generated, and there is no way to eliminate the other, so that in the experiment, a pair of raman light with larger detuning amount also acts on atoms, which interferes with our measurement results, and finally, the measurement resolution is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an atomic interferometer light source based on sideband suppression, which aims to effectively suppress redundant laser frequency components and can be used for generating light sources with various laser frequencies required by an atomic interferometer and solve the problems that two sidebands are generated when an electro-optical modulator modulates in the prior art, and a pair of Raman light with larger detuning amount also acts on atoms to cause interference on measurement results and reduce measurement resolution because the other one is not eliminated.
The invention provides an atomic interferometer light source based on sideband suppression, which comprises a laser, an interference type laser phase modulator and a control module, wherein the control module is used for controlling the laser phase modulator to generate a laser beam; the input end of the interference type laser phase modulator is connected to the output end of the laser, and the control end of the interference type laser phase modulator is connected to the output end of the control module; under the effect of the radio frequency signal output by the control module, the interference type laser phase modulator carries out frequency modulation on laser output by the laser, and suppresses one sideband or simultaneously suppresses carrier wave, thereby realizing dual-frequency output or single sideband output.
Further, the interference type laser phase modulator comprises n groups of modulation units which are connected in parallel, and each modulation unit comprises a phase shifter and an electro-optic modulator which are sequentially connected in series; the electro-optical modulator is used for modulating the phase-shifted laser to generate sidebands with specific frequencies, and generating interference to eliminate unnecessary sidebands and carrier waves; wherein n is a positive integer of 2 or more, and n is an even number.
Still further, the control module includes: the device comprises a radio frequency signal source, a radio frequency switch, an adjustable radio frequency attenuator, a radio frequency signal amplifier and a power divider which are connected in sequence; the radio frequency signal source is used for outputting a radio frequency signal with controllable frequency; the radio frequency switch is used for switching on or switching off the radio frequency signal; the adjustable radio frequency attenuator is used for changing the attenuation amplitude of the radio frequency signal according to the difference of control voltages; the radio frequency signal amplifier is used for amplifying the radio frequency signal; the power divider is used for dividing one path of radio frequency signal into two paths of signals with the same frequency.
Further, the power divider is a 180 DEG power divider, and the phases of the radio frequency signals divided into two paths are 180 DEG different.
Still further, the atomic interferometer light source further comprises: the laser amplifier and the frequency doubling crystal are sequentially connected to the output end of the interference type laser phase modulator; the laser amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the laser output by the interference type laser phase modulator; the frequency doubling crystal is used for carrying out frequency doubling treatment on the amplified laser.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that only one laser is used as seed light to realize light required by the whole process of the atomic interferometer, the interference type laser phase modulator is in a double-frequency output mode, and then the current of the laser is directly regulated or the laser phase modulator is additionally arranged in a single-sideband frequency shift mode to realize frequency shift. The switching of laser required in each experimental process of the atomic interferometer is realized by adjusting the working voltage of the laser phase modulator and the frequency and power of the radio frequency signal, so that the multiplexing of the optical paths is realized. The optical path firstly reduces the number of lasers and laser amplifiers, and simultaneously reduces the use of an acousto-optic modulator, and multiplexing of the optical path greatly simplifies the whole system. And basically, optical fiber connection can be adopted, so that the occupied area of space light is reduced, and the structure is more compact and stable. The interference type laser phase modulator is utilized to directly generate the Raman light with low phase noise, so that an optical phase-locked loop is avoided, an optical path and a circuit are simplified, and the problem that the phase-locked loop cannot work for a long time due to unlocking is solved. Meanwhile, the interference type laser phase modulator suppresses redundant sidebands generated by using a common electro-optic modulator, and avoids interference of the interference type laser phase modulator to the whole experimental process, so that high resolution of an atomic interferometer can be achieved when an optical phase-locked loop is used.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an atomic interferometer light source based on the sideband suppression technique according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an interferometric laser phase modulator according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an interferometric laser phase modulator control module according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an atomic interferometer light source according to the present invention using frequency doubling technology.
Wherein 1 is a laser, 2 is an interference type laser phase modulator, 3 is an interference type laser phase modulator control module, 21 is a phase shifter, 22 is an electro-optical modulator, 31 is a radio frequency signal source, 32 is a radio frequency switch, 33 is an adjustable radio frequency attenuator, 34 is a radio frequency signal amplifier, 35 is a power divider, 4 is a laser amplifier, and 5 is a frequency doubling crystal.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an atomic interferometer light source based on optical frequency sideband suppression, which only uses one laser, adopts an interference type laser phase modulator with sideband suppression function to realize low-phase noise Raman light or single-sideband frequency shift, so that the whole structure is simple, the optical path is multiplexed, the integration level is high, the heating is small, the stability is good, and the movement is convenient.
The atomic interferometer light source provided by the invention comprises a laser, an interference type laser phase modulator and an interference type laser phase modulator control module. The laser outputs laser to the interference type laser phase modulator, and after specific frequency modulation, one sideband is restrained, so that dual-frequency output is realized. Then the current of the laser can be directly modulated or the single sideband output of an interference type laser phase modulator is added, so that the integral frequency shift of the laser is realized.
The interference laser phase modulator includes two or more groups of even-numbered pairs of phase shifters and electro-optic modulators connected in parallel. The input laser is divided into multiple paths, then different phases are shifted through a phase shifter, and after sidebands with specific frequencies are generated through an electro-optical modulator, interference finally occurs together to eliminate the unnecessary sidebands and carriers.
The interference type laser phase modulator control module comprises a radio frequency signal source, a radio frequency switch, an electrically-controlled attenuator, a radio frequency signal amplifier and a 180-degree power divider. The radio frequency devices are sequentially connected in the sequence, and finally, two controllable radio frequency signals with 180-degree phase difference are input to the interference type laser phase modulator. In the whole experimental process, the switching of the frequencies and the powers of a plurality of radio frequency signals is realized by externally adding a trigger signal, and meanwhile, the working voltage of a phase shifter in an interference type laser phase modulator is required to be changed.
The atomic interferometer light source may later use frequency doubling techniques, including laser amplifiers and frequency doubling crystals. For example, the laser beam of 1560nm is amplified by a laser amplifier, and then can be multiplied to 780nm by a frequency multiplication crystal to reach the wavelength required by atomic interaction.
According to the light source of the invention, only one laser is needed as seed light to realize the light needed by the whole process of the atomic interferometer. The interference type laser phase modulator is in a double-frequency output mode, and then the laser current is directly regulated or a laser phase modulator is additionally arranged in a single-sideband frequency shift mode to realize frequency shift. The switching of laser required in each experimental process of the atomic interferometer is realized by adjusting the working voltage of the laser phase modulator and the frequency and power of the radio frequency signal, so that the multiplexing of the optical paths is realized. The optical path firstly reduces the number of lasers and laser amplifiers, and simultaneously reduces the use of an acousto-optic modulator, and multiplexing of the optical path greatly simplifies the whole system. And basically, optical fiber connection can be adopted, so that the occupied area of space light is reduced, and the structure is more compact and stable. The interference type laser phase modulator is utilized to directly generate the Raman light with low phase noise, so that an optical phase-locked loop is avoided, an optical path and a circuit are simplified, and the problem that the phase-locked loop cannot work for a long time due to unlocking is solved. Meanwhile, the interference type laser phase modulator suppresses redundant sidebands generated by using a common electro-optic modulator, and avoids interference of the interference type laser phase modulator to the whole experimental process, so that high resolution of an atomic interferometer can be achieved when an optical phase-locked loop is used.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an atomic interferometer light source of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the output frequency of the laser 1 is denoted as v 0 Then input to an interferometric laser phase modulator 2, passing through a frequency v 1 After the radio frequency signal of (2) is modulated, the output frequency is v 0 And v 01 Inhibit v of-1 level sideband 01 The power of the radio frequency signal is regulated by the interference type laser phase modulator control module 3, so that the switching between the pump-back light mode and the Raman light mode is realized. Then the integral frequency shift v can be realized by directly modulating the laser current or adding an interference laser phase modulator in a single sideband output mode 2 I.e. the output light frequency becomes v 02 And v 01 +v 2 To meet the requirement of atomic interferometryThe requirements of trapping light, raman light and detection light. The laser containing these two frequency components is then fed to an atomic interferometer for the entire experimental process of cooling, interference and detection. The output power required by the laser is preferably more than 10mW, the linewidth is less than 1MHz, and the laser wavelength is about 780nm or 1560nm which needs frequency multiplication for an atomic interferometer for manipulating rubidium atoms, and the laser can output space light or optical fiber.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the composition of the interferometric laser phase modulator of the present invention. It is formed by connecting two or more even pairs of phase shifters 21 and electro-optical modulators 22 in parallel. A typical electro-optic modulator, after modulation, will have two sidebands and a carrier wave. The structure of the two groups of phase shifters and the electro-optical modulator are utilized, the phase of the laser can be changed by changing the voltage of the phase shifters, so that two beams of light interfere after passing through the electro-optical modulator, and the suppression of one frequency of the laser is realized; when four groups are used, the random control of three main frequency components of the laser can be realized, including the simultaneous suppression of two main frequency components of the side band and the carrier wave, and the single side band output is ensured. The electro-optical modulator can be LN65S of Thorlabs company, and the modulation frequency can reach 10GHz; the phase shifter can select a common optical fiber phase shifter FPS-002, the modulation phase can reach 2 pi, and the working voltage is basically kept in 2 times half-wave voltage for adjustment.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the control module of the interferometric laser phase modulator of the present invention, which includes a rf signal source 31, an rf switch 32, an adjustable rf attenuator 33, an rf signal amplifier 34, and a 180 degree power divider 35. The rf signal source 31 controls the frequency of the rf signal output, selectively turns on or off the rf signal via the rf switch 32, and then inputs to the adjustable attenuator 33, which can vary the attenuation amplitude according to the control voltage. And then amplified by a high-power radio frequency amplifier 34 and output to a 180-degree power divider 35, which divides one signal into two signals with the same frequency 180 degrees different from each other, and each of the two signals corresponds to each electro-optical modulator in two groups of the interference type laser phase modulators. For example, carrier rejection may be achieved when the phase shifter operating voltages in one set are at half-wave voltages and the other set is at zero. And the strength of the sidebands can be adjusted without changing the carrier wave by adjusting the power of the radio frequency signal input to the electro-optic modulator.
Fig. 4 shows an optical path diagram of an atomic interferometer light source of the present invention using a frequency doubling technique, which includes a laser amplifier 4 and a frequency doubling crystal 5. Since the electro-optic modulator 22 of the prior art is well-established to operate at wavelengths around 1560nm, the optical power is greatly attenuated after modulation. A laser amplifier 4 is therefore required to amplify the optical power before the laser is fed to the atomic interferometer, and then frequency-doubled to 780nm by a frequency doubling crystal 5, with the power at a level of 1W. However, the frequency v 02 And v 01 +v 2 When laser of (2) passes through the frequency doubling crystal, three frequencies are generated due to the second harmonic effect, and frequency doubling light is generated by 2 (v) 02 )、2(ν 01 +v 2 ) And the sum frequency light 2 (v) 02 )+v 1 . Since we need to have a frequency of 2 (v 02 ) And 2 (v) 02 )+v 1 So we can adjust the frequency to v before frequency multiplication 02 And v 01 +v 2 To suppress 2 (v) by a power ratio (ranging from approximately 4:1 to 100:1) 01 +v 2 ) Frequency. By fine tuning this ratio, e.g. when raman light is generated, 2 (v) can be substantially suppressed 01 +v 2 ) Is a frequency component of (a) in the frequency domain.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. An atomic interferometer light source based on sideband suppression is characterized by comprising a laser (1), an interference type laser phase modulator (2) and a control module (3); the input end of the interference type laser phase modulator (2) is connected to the output end of the laser (1), and the control end of the interference type laser phase modulator (2) is connected to the output end of the control module (3);
under the effect of the radio frequency signal output by the control module (3), the interference type laser phase modulator (2) outputs the frequency v to the laser (1) 0 Frequency modulation is carried out on the laser of the laser to inhibit one sideband;
the interference type laser phase modulator (2) comprises n groups of modulation units which are connected in parallel, wherein each modulation unit comprises a phase shifter (21) and an electro-optic modulator (22) which are sequentially connected in series;
the phase shifter (21) is used for respectively carrying out phase shifting treatment on the input multipath laser, and the electro-optical modulator (22) is used for modulating the phase-shifted laser to generate a specific frequency v 1 And the frequency v of the unwanted side bands is eliminated by interference 01 Is a sideband of (2); the integral frequency shift v is realized by directly modulating the laser current or adding an interference laser phase modulator in a single sideband output mode 2 I.e. the output light frequency becomes v 02 And v 01 +v 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and n is an even number;
the atomic interferometer light source further comprises: a laser amplifier (4) and a frequency doubling crystal (5) which are connected in sequence at the output end of the interference type laser phase modulator (2); the laser amplifier (4) is used for amplifying the power of the laser output by the interference type laser phase modulator (2); the frequency doubling crystal (5) is used for carrying out frequency doubling treatment on the amplified laser;
by adjusting the frequency v before frequency multiplication 02 And v 01 +v 2 To suppress the power ratio of 2 (v) 01 +v 2 ) Laser light of a frequency.
2. An atomic interferometer light source as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the control module (3) comprises: the device comprises a radio frequency signal source (31), a radio frequency switch (32), an adjustable radio frequency attenuator (33), a radio frequency signal amplifier (34) and a power divider (35) which are connected in sequence;
the radio frequency signal source (31) is used for outputting a radio frequency signal with controllable frequency; the radio frequency switch (32) is used for switching on or off the radio frequency signal; the adjustable radio frequency attenuator (33) is used for changing the attenuation amplitude of the radio frequency signal according to the difference of control voltages; the radio frequency signal amplifier (34) is used for amplifying the radio frequency signal; the power divider (35) is used for dividing one path of radio frequency signal into two paths of signals with the same frequency and power.
3. An atomic interferometer light source as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the power divider (35) is a 180 ° power divider, the radio frequency signals split into two paths being 180 ° out of phase.
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CN112421373A (en) * 2020-08-13 2021-02-26 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Cold atom interference phase modulation type single-sideband Raman light generation method and system
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